Brazil interest burden climbs to 9% of GDP, highest since 2016

October 29, 2026 2:08 PM EDT

FILE PHOTO: A customer walks at the Sao Paulo’s Municipal Market as nearly half of Brazilians say the economy has gotten worse in the past year, according to a Quaest poll published in September, compared to just 19% who say the economy improved, in Sao

BRASILIA, Oct 29 (Reuters) - Brazil's ‌interest bill rose ​to ​8.99% of gross domestic product in the 12 months through September — a level not seen since January 2016, when ‌the country was mired in a deep economic recession, central ⁠bank data showed on Thursday.

Meanwhile, the public sector's primary deficit stood at 0.52% of ‌GDP, pushing Latin America's largest ‌economy to a nominal fiscal deficit of 9.51% of GDP in the same period.

Brazil pays one of the world's highest nominal interest ​bills as investors demand a hefty premium to finance a government whose debt burden has risen rapidly amid fiscal uncertainty and the ⁠continued expansion of mandatory spending.

That risk premium keeps borrowing costs elevated, while an increasing share ​of government debt is linked to the benchmark Selic rate, now at 13.75%, making public finances more sensitive to ​high interest rates.

As a result, even as ‌the government narrows its primary deficit, interest costs remain large enough to drive continued growth in the debt ⁠stock.

In September alone, the public sector posted a primary deficit of 5.5 billion reais ($1.03 billion), compared with expectations for a 500 million reais surplus in a ⁠Reuters poll, while interest expenses were nearly 20 times higher at 107.5 billion ​reais.

Gross debt, the government's main measure of solvency, was unchanged from August at 82.9% of GDP.

Since President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva took office in 2023, gross ‌debt has increased by 11.3 percentage points of GDP.

Lula secured reelection on Sunday for a new four-year term, ‌and stabilizing the rapid growth of public debt is widely seen as ⁠one of the administration's main ‌fiscal challenges as he ​seeks to deliver on campaign pledges for additional public spending.

($1 = 5.3440 reais)

(Reporting by Marcela Ayres in Brasilia; Editing by ‌Hugh Lawson)



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