Form 485APOS ETF Opportunities Trust
| As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 23, 2026 | ||||||||
| Securities Act Registration No. 333-234544 | ||||||||
| Investment Company Act Registration No. 811-23439 | ||||||||
| UNITED STATES | ||||||||
| SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION | ||||||||
| Washington, D.C. 20549 | ||||||||
| FORM N-1A | ||||||||
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ||||||||
Pre-Effective Amendment No. ___ | [ ] | |||||||
Post-Effective Amendment No. 917 | [X] | |||||||
| and/or | ||||||||
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ||||||||
Amendment No. 919 | [X] | |||||||
| ETF OPPORTUNITIES TRUST | ||||||||
| (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter) | ||||||||
Karen Shupe Commonwealth Fund Services, Inc. 8730 Stony Point Parkway, Suite 205 Richmond, VA 23235 (804) 267-7400 | ||||||||
| (Address and Telephone Number of Principal Executive Offices) | ||||||||
| The Corporation Trust Co. | ||||||||
| Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange St., Wilmington, DE 19801 | ||||||||
| (Name and Address of Agent for Service) | ||||||||
| With Copy to: | ||||||||
| John H. Lively | ||||||||
| Practus, LLP | ||||||||
| 11300 Tomahawk Creek Parkway, Suite 310 | ||||||||
| Leawood, KS 66211 | ||||||||
It is proposed that this filing will become effective:
| ☐ | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) | |||||||
| ☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b) | |||||||
| ☐ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) | |||||||
| ☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) | |||||||
| X | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) | |||||||
| ☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485. | |||||||
If appropriate, check the following box:
| ☐ | This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. | |||||||
Subject to Completion
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The Fund may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Hedgeye Democratic Party ETF
Hedgeye Republican Party ETF
PROSPECTUS
_______________, 2026
This prospectus describes the following ETFs which are each authorized to offer one class of shares by this prospectus.
| Fund | Ticker | Principal U.S. Listing Exchange | ||||||
| Hedgeye Democratic Party ETF | HDEM | NYSE Arca, Inc. | ||||||
| Hedgeye Republican Party ETF | HREP | NYSE Arca, Inc. | ||||||
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Table of Contents
| FUND SUMMARY | Page | ||||
Hedgeye Democratic Party ETF
Investment Objective
Hedgeye Democratic Party ETF (the “Fund”) seeks long-term capital appreciation based on the electoral performance of the Democratic Party in U.S. federal elections, on a continuous basis.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) | |||||
Management Fee(1) | [ ] | ||||
| Distribution (12b-1) and Service Fees | 0.00% | ||||
Other Expenses | 0.00% | ||||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | [ ] | ||||
(1)Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, Hedgeye Asset Management, LLC (the “Adviser”), at its own expense and without reimbursement from the Fund, pays all of the expenses of the Fund, excluding the advisory fees, interest expenses, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage commissions and any other portfolio transaction-related expenses and fees arising out of transactions effected on behalf of the Fund, credit facility fees and expenses, including interest expenses, and litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business.
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| Name of Fund | 1 Year | 3 Years | ||||||
| Hedgeye Democratic Party ETF | $[ ] | $[ ] | ||||||
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not yet commenced operations and therefore does not have any portfolio turnover information available.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund’s investment objective is to provide capital appreciation to investors based on the electoral performance of the Democratic Party in U.S. federal elections, on a continuous basis. The Fund seeks to provide investors and institutions with a means of obtaining ongoing exposure to the standing of the Democratic Party across the U.S. House
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of Representatives, the U.S. Senate, and the U.S. Presidency, rather than exposure to the outcome of any single election or office.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in derivative instruments and event contracts whose value is tied to electoral outcomes favorable to the Democratic Party. For purposes of compliance with this investment policy, derivative contracts will be valued at their notional value.
Unlike strategies that express a political view through baskets of equity securities whose performance is only indirectly related to an electoral result, the Fund seeks exposure tied directly to electoral outcomes. In seeking to achieve its investment objective, the Fund invests in, or seeks exposure to, a type of derivative instrument known as an “event contract.” Event contracts are derivative instruments that permit market participants to trade on the occurrence or non-occurrence of a specified future event, such as which party wins a particular congressional seat, which party controls a chamber of Congress, or which party wins the U.S. Presidency. Each event contract specifies a binary payout structure, typically settling at $1.00 if the referenced event occurs and at $0.00 if the event does not occur. The Fund seeks exposure to event contracts that settle in favor of the Democratic Party (collectively, “Democratic Outcome Contracts”).
The Fund’s investment adviser, Hedgeye Asset Management (the “Adviser”), seeks to structure the Fund’s portfolio such that substantially all of the Fund’s economic exposure is based upon the performance of Democratic Outcome Contracts. The Fund will primarily derive such exposure through swap agreements that utilize Democratic Outcome Contracts as the reference asset or other securities and assets that derive their value from Democratic Outcome Contracts. The Fund may also invest directly in Democratic Outcome Contracts. The Fund expects to obtain exposure to event contracts that trade on event markets operated by regulated venues, which may include markets operated by entities registered with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission as designated contract markets.
The Fund pursues its objective through a combination of exposures spanning the three principal categories of federal electoral contests. The Fund seeks exposure to congressional outcomes, comprising both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, as well as the outcome of the U.S. Presidency. Within its House exposure, the Fund seeks exposure to Democratic Outcome Contracts referencing each of the individual House seats up for election, where liquidity permits; however, the Fund may also utilize contracts referencing overall Democratic control of the House of Representatives. Within its Senate exposure, the Fund seeks exposure to Democratic Outcome Contracts referencing each of the Senate seats up for election in the applicable election cycle, where liquidity permits; however, the Fund may also utilize contracts referencing overall Democratic control of the Senate. The composition and relative sizing of the Fund's exposure within and across these three principal categories of federal electoral contests will be determined by the Adviser in its discretion and is expected to vary over time, including in response to the electoral calendar and the availability and liquidity of the relevant contracts. The Fund also maintains a portion of its assets in cash and cash equivalents.
Unlike event-linked products tied to the outcome of a single election, the Fund is designed to operate on a continuous basis and is not expected to terminate, or to lose substantially all of its value, upon the resolution of any single election. The Fund generally holds its positions through the settlement of the referenced event contracts. As the event contracts underlying a given election cycle settle, the Fund rolls the resulting proceeds into event contracts referencing the next applicable election cycle, generally every two years with respect to the House of Representatives, every two years with respect to the class of Senate seats then up for election, and every four years with respect to the Presidency. The Adviser may rebalance the Fund’s exposure between the three principal categories of federal electoral contests, as it deems appropriate, when the event contracts underlying a given election cycle settle. In addition, the Adviser seeks to manage the Fund’s exposure with reference to a target level of volatility, and maintains a portion of the Fund’s assets in cash and cash equivalents, with the intention that the value of the Fund not be fully dependent upon the outcome of any single contest. Because the Fund’s exposure is diversified across numerous individual electoral contests and is rolled forward across successive election cycles, the Fund is not designed to settle to zero.
The value of the Fund’s exposure to a Democratic Outcome Contract will be based on its prevailing market price, which will typically range from $0.00 to $1.00. Each such contract will settle at $1.00 in the event that the referenced Democratic outcome occurs and at $0.00 in the event that the referenced Democratic outcome does not occur. Given
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the binary payout structure of these contracts, the price of such a contract on any given day reflects the market’s assessment of the implied probability that the referenced Democratic outcome will occur. For instance, if such a contract is trading at $0.50 on a given day, it represents the market’s assessment that the implied probability of that Democratic outcome is approximately 50%. Prior to settlement, the market value of the Fund’s exposure to Democratic Outcome Contracts will fluctuate based primarily on changes in the market’s assessment of these implied probabilities. The price of such contracts should be expected to move incrementally as new information, polling data, news developments, or market sentiment alter expectations about the outcomes of the referenced elections. For instance, if the market price of a Democratic Outcome Contract is $0.50, and subsequent new information or market sentiment causes that price to decrease to $0.45, the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) will reflect that decrease in value.
The Fund’s Portfolio Composition
The Hedgeye Democratic Party Cayman Subsidiary (the “Democratic Subsidiary”) is wholly owned and controlled by the Fund. The Fund’s investment in the Democratic Subsidiary may not exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets (the “Subsidiary Limit”) as of the end of each fiscal quarter. The Fund’s investment in the Democratic Subsidiary is intended to provide the Fund with exposure to Democratic Party election outcomes through event contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments while enabling the Fund to satisfy the source-of-income requirements applicable to regulated investment companies under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
Except as otherwise noted, references to the investment strategies and risks of the Fund include the investment strategies and risks of the Democratic Subsidiary. The Democratic Subsidiary has the same investment objective as the Fund and generally follows the same investment strategies and investment restrictions as the Fund, except that, unlike the Fund, it may invest without limitation in event contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments that provide exposure to Democratic Party election outcomes. The Fund will aggregate its investments with those of the Democratic Subsidiary for purposes of determining compliance with (i) Section 8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), including the Fund’s fundamental investment limitations, and (ii) Section 18 of the 1940 Act, including the limitations applicable to the Fund’s use of leverage. In addition, the Democratic Subsidiary’s investment advisory agreement will be administered in accordance with Section 15 of the 1940 Act, and the Democratic Subsidiary will comply with the applicable provisions of Section 17 of the 1940 Act governing affiliated transactions. The principal investment strategies and principal risks of the Democratic Subsidiary are considered to be principal investment strategies and principal risks of the Fund, and the disclosure in this Prospectus is intended to reflect the combined operations of the Fund and the Democratic Subsidiary.
The Fund may hold as collateral significant amounts cash, cash equivalents and fixed-income securities, including U.S. Treasury or short-term investments, including money market funds. In managing the collateral portion of the Fund’s investment strategy, the Adviser generally seeks capital preservation. The average duration will vary.
An investment in the Fund is speculative and involves a substantial degree of risk. An investment in the Fund is not appropriate for all investors. Investors should review the section entitled “Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund” before investing.
Principal Risks
As with all funds, a shareholder is subject to the risk that his or her investment could lose money. The principal risks affecting shareholders’ investments in the Fund are set forth below. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. The principal risks described herein pertain to direct risks of making an investment in the Fund and/or risks of the issuers in which the Fund invests.
Democratic Electoral Performance Risk. The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation based on the electoral performance of the Democratic Party in elections for the U.S. House of Representatives, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. Presidency. Accordingly, the Fund's performance will be adversely affected when market expectations regarding Democratic electoral outcomes deteriorate or when the Democratic Party performs less favorably than anticipated in one or more federal elections. Although the Fund expects to obtain exposure to multiple electoral contests, substantially all of its event contract exposure will be tied to outcomes favorable to the Democratic Party. Political, economic,
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demographic or other developments that negatively affect the Democratic Party's electoral prospects may therefore adversely affect numerous Fund positions simultaneously. The Fund may experience significant losses even if the Democratic Party is successful in certain elections but performs poorly in other elections to which the Fund has greater exposure.
Political and Election Event Risk. The Fund’s performance will depend directly on U.S. federal election outcomes and market expectations regarding those outcomes. The value of the Fund’s investments may fluctuate significantly in response to polling results, candidate announcements or withdrawals, campaign developments, debates, endorsements, changes in voter turnout expectations, legal proceedings involving candidates, changes in election laws or procedures, recounts, contested election results, geopolitical events, economic conditions, changes in public policy expectations, news reports, rumors and shifts in political sentiment. These developments may occur rapidly and may be difficult or impossible to predict. An election result also may differ materially from polling data, market expectations or projections reported before or immediately following an election.
Event Contracts Risk. The Fund’s investment performance will be closely tied to event contracts, a novel class of derivative instruments whose values are derived from the occurrence or non-occurrence of specified, objectively verifiable events. Event contracts may not develop the depth, liquidity or trading efficiency associated with more established derivatives markets, and their pricing may be influenced by speculative activity, behavioral biases, regulatory developments or concentrated participation by a limited number of traders. Because event contracts generally have binary payouts, the value of a contract may decline rapidly or become worthless if the referenced outcome does not occur, regardless of its prior market price. A contract trading at a price reflecting a high implied probability of a Democratic outcome will nevertheless settle at $0.00 if that outcome does not occur.
Exchanges may amend contract specifications, suspend trading, impose position limits or take other actions that affect how event contracts trade or settle. Event contracts may react sharply to news, polling data or other developments and may not provide continuous or reliable price discovery during periods of stress or uncertainty. Investments in event contracts involve risks that differ from those associated with traditional securities, futures or options and could result in significant losses, valuation uncertainty or the Fund’s failure to achieve its investment objective.
Correlated Political Outcomes Risk. Although the Fund expects to obtain exposure to numerous House, Senate, chamber-control and presidential election outcomes, those outcomes may be highly correlated. National political trends, economic conditions, presidential approval ratings, voter turnout, demographic developments and changes in party preference may affect many electoral contests simultaneously. Diversification among individual elections therefore may not provide the same benefits as diversification among unrelated issuers, industries or asset classes. A national shift away from Democratic candidates could cause a significant portion of the Fund’s positions to decline or settle at $0.00 at approximately the same time.
Congressional Election Risk. The Fund expects to obtain exposure to individual elections for the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, where liquidity permits, however may also utilize contracts referencing overall Democratic control of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. Congressional election contracts may be affected by factors specific to an individual state, district, candidate or campaign, as well as national political developments. Information regarding individual congressional races may be limited, inconsistent or less widely disseminated than information regarding a presidential election. Certain congressional races also may receive limited market participation, resulting in less reliable pricing and reduced liquidity. House and Senate elections may be subject to recounts, litigation, delayed certification, runoff elections, vacancies or other circumstances that delay or complicate the determination of the relevant outcome.
Chamber Control Risk. The Fund may invest in event contracts tied to whether the Democratic Party will control the U.S. House of Representatives or the U.S. Senate. The outcome of a chamber-control contract may depend on numerous individual elections and may remain uncertain after many individual races have been decided. A small number of unresolved, contested or runoff elections may determine control of a chamber and cause the applicable contract to remain volatile or illiquid for an extended period. The settlement terms of a chamber-control contract also may depend on how vacancies, independents, party changes, coalitions, delayed elections or other unusual circumstances are treated under the contract specifications.
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Simultaneous Election and Settlement Risk. A substantial portion of the Fund’s House, Senate, chamber-control and presidential exposure may be resolved during the same federal election cycle. As election results become known, numerous event contracts may move rapidly toward their final settlement values at the same time. The Fund may therefore experience a sudden and substantial increase or decrease in its net asset value (“NAV”) on election day or during the days and weeks surrounding an election. Holding contracts tied to multiple contests does not eliminate the possibility of substantial portfolio-wide losses resulting from a single national election cycle.
Election Cycle Transition and Rolling Risk. As event contracts settle, the Fund expects to reinvest the proceeds in contracts tied to future House, Senate and presidential election cycles. The Fund may be unable to transition its exposure efficiently because successor contracts may not yet be listed, may have limited liquidity, may be subject to restrictive position limits or may trade at prices the Adviser considers unattractive. Future contracts also may have different terms, settlement provisions, regulatory treatment or trading characteristics than the contracts being replaced. During a transition between election cycles, the Fund may hold increased amounts of cash or cash equivalents and may have less exposure to Democratic electoral outcomes than intended. The Fund may incur significant transaction costs when closing, settling or replacing positions.
Continuous Exposure Risk. The Fund is intended to provide continuous exposure to Democratic electoral performance across successive federal election cycles. There can be no assurance that a sufficient number or variety of suitable event contracts will be available at all times. Contracts relating to certain individual House or Senate races may not be listed, may be removed from trading or may not provide sufficient capacity for the Fund. If suitable contracts are unavailable, the Fund may rely more heavily on swaps, chamber-control contracts, cash or other instruments that provide materially different exposure. The Fund’s performance may therefore differ from the performance that would have resulted if all desired event contracts had been available.
Portfolio Allocation Risk. The Adviser will determine the allocation of the Fund’s exposure among House elections, Senate elections, chamber-control outcomes, presidential elections, direct event contracts, swaps and cash or cash equivalents. The Fund’s strategy may not prescribe fixed allocations among each category. The Fund’s performance will therefore depend on the Adviser’s allocation decisions, including the amount of exposure assigned to particular election categories and the timing of changes to those allocations. An allocation that emphasizes elections or contracts that perform poorly may cause the Fund to underperform a differently allocated portfolio of Democratic electoral event contracts.
Sizing and Weighting Risk. The Adviser has discretion to determine how the Fund's exposure is sized across and within categories of election contracts, including among individual seat contracts, chamber-control contracts and presidential contracts. The Fund does not use a fixed or rules-based weighting methodology, and the sizing of the Fund's positions may not correspond to the competitiveness, liquidity, market-implied probability or potential return of any particular contract. The Adviser's sizing decisions may cause the Fund to hold more exposure to contracts that perform poorly and less exposure to contracts that perform well, and the Fund may underperform a portfolio constructed using a different weighting approach.
Volatility Risk. Event contracts tied to political outcomes can exhibit pronounced and unpredictable price volatility, particularly as new information emerges or important election-related dates approach. Because event contracts have binary payouts that converge toward either $1.00 or $0.00 at settlement, relatively small changes in perceived probability may result in large percentage price movements. Volatility may increase near debates, party conventions, court decisions, election day, recounts, certifications, runoff elections or other significant events. Sharp price movements may occur even when traditional financial markets are stable and may produce significant fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV over short periods.
Volatility Management Risk. The Adviser seeks to manage the Fund’s exposure with reference to a target level of volatility. There is no assurance that the Adviser will achieve or maintain the targeted volatility or that the Fund’s losses will be limited to any particular amount. Political-event markets may move too rapidly for the Adviser to adjust exposure effectively, and historical volatility or other measures used by the Adviser may not accurately predict future price movements. Efforts to manage volatility may cause the Fund to reduce exposure before favorable price movements,
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increase exposure before unfavorable price movements, hold substantial cash or incur additional transaction costs. Volatility management may therefore reduce returns without preventing significant losses.
Liquidity Risk. Event contracts tied to political outcomes may experience periods of limited or uneven liquidity. Individual House and Senate election contracts may be less liquid than presidential or chamber-control contracts. Trading volume and market depth may be concentrated around major political developments and may decline during periods of uncertainty, regulatory review or following an election but before final settlement. Bid-ask spreads may widen significantly, particularly for large positions, contracts approaching settlement or contracts for which market sentiment has become one-sided.
The Fund may be unable to establish, maintain, rebalance, close or roll positions at desired times or prices. There may be few or no willing counterparties at prices close to the most recent trade, requiring the Fund to transact at disadvantageous prices or hold positions longer than intended. Liquidity constraints may increase transaction costs and NAV volatility, cause the Fund’s performance to deviate from changes in the market-implied probabilities reflected by the contracts or prevent the Fund from implementing its strategy as intended.
Position Limits Risk. Event contracts listed on designated contract markets are subject to position limits and other accountability requirements imposed by the applicable exchange or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). Such limits may change over time, including without advance notice. Position limits may constrain the Fund’s ability to initiate or increase positions, require the Fund to reduce existing positions or prevent the Fund from obtaining its desired exposure to certain election outcomes. The effect of position limits may be particularly significant for contracts tied to individual congressional races with relatively limited market capacity. If the Fund is required to reduce or liquidate positions, it may incur transaction costs, realize unfavorable gains or losses or be unable to pursue its investment objective.
Exchange and Clearinghouse Risk. The Fund’s exposure to event contracts subjects it to the operational, financial and regulatory risks of the designated contract markets listing those contracts and their affiliated clearing structures. System outages, data errors, cyber incidents, trade-processing failures or inadequate risk controls could impair price discovery, delay or prevent execution or cause positions to be processed or liquidated incorrectly. Although clearing is intended to reduce counterparty risk, it does not eliminate the possibility of losses resulting from clearing member defaults, insufficient clearinghouse resources or recovery and resolution measures that allocate losses to market participants.
A designated contract market or clearinghouse may impose trading halts, position limits, settlement adjustments, eligibility restrictions, liquidation-only requirements or other measures that alter the economics or availability of contracts held by the Fund. Any such action could increase costs, create valuation uncertainty, result in significant losses or prevent the Fund from implementing its strategy.
Regulatory Risk. The regulatory framework governing political event contracts is evolving and subject to significant uncertainty. Changes in how such contracts are classified, permitted, regulated or restricted under the Commodity Exchange Act or by the CFTC could materially and adversely affect the Fund. The CFTC has broad authority to review political event contracts and may determine that particular contracts must be modified, suspended, delisted or prohibited. A designated contract market also may impose new margin requirements, position limits, reporting obligations, trading restrictions or settlement procedures.
Legislative, judicial or administrative developments, reinterpretations of existing law or changes in enforcement priorities could affect the permissibility, availability or settlement of political event contracts. These developments may occur abruptly and may not provide a mechanism for an orderly liquidation of the Fund’s positions. Regulatory action could impair the Fund’s ability to establish, maintain or close positions, require liquidation at disadvantageous prices, render the Fund’s strategy impracticable or result in the reorganization, liquidation or termination of the Fund.
Settlement Risk. Event contracts are settled pursuant to the rules, procedures and contract specifications of the listing exchange and its clearing structure. Settlement depends on the exchange’s determination that the referenced event has or has not occurred, as well as the timely performance of the clearinghouse and its members. Errors, ambiguities,
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disputes or reinterpretations regarding the definition of an election outcome, the applicable information source, certification requirements or the timing of the determination may delay or alter settlement.
In the case of a contested or uncertain election, an exchange may postpone its determination, apply alternative settlement procedures or take other action that differs from market participants’ expectations. A contract’s settlement may be based on specified terms that differ from news reports, election projections or an investor’s general understanding of the outcome. Operational or financial difficulties at the exchange, clearinghouse or a clearing member also could interfere with settlement. In extreme cases, settlement could be delayed, suspended, cancelled or subjected to regulatory review, and the Fund may be unable to realize anticipated gains.
Valuation Risk. The Fund generally will value event contract positions based on available market prices. Such prices may not reflect the amounts the Fund would receive if it liquidated its positions, particularly in thin, volatile or stressed markets. Event contracts may trade with limited market depth, episodic activity and wide bid-ask spreads. Prices also may be influenced by short-term sentiment, regulatory developments, speculative activity, misinformation or concentrated trading rather than an objective assessment of electoral probability.
If reliable market quotations are not readily available, the Fund may use fair value methodologies based on models, estimates or subjective judgments. Those methodologies may differ from the methods used by other market participants and may produce values that later prove inaccurate. Differences between the Fund’s valuation and the price ultimately realized may adversely affect performance, create dilution among shareholders or result in realized or unrealized losses.
Swap Agreements Risk. The Fund expects to obtain a substantial portion of its exposure through swap agreements referencing Democratic electoral event contracts. Swap agreements may involve risks greater than or different from the risks associated with directly purchasing event contracts. Swaps may involve leverage and are subject to counterparty, credit, liquidity, valuation, documentation and operational risks. The value of a swap may differ from the value of the referenced event contracts because of financing charges, transaction costs, counterparty pricing, collateral requirements, valuation timing or other factors.
Many swaps are traded over the counter and may be illiquid. The Fund may be unable to enter into, modify or terminate a swap at an advantageous time or price. The Fund also may not have the same rights as a direct holder of the referenced event contract. If suitable swap counterparties are unavailable or unwilling to provide the desired exposure, the Fund may be unable to implement its strategy.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund’s transactions with counterparties are subject to the risk that a counterparty will fail to fulfill its obligations. A counterparty may fail to perform because of financial difficulties, insolvency, bankruptcy, operational failures, market developments or other reasons. If a counterparty defaults or disputes its obligations, the Fund may lose amounts owed to it, experience delays in recovery or recover only a portion of its exposure. Because swaps referencing political event contracts are specialized instruments, the Fund may depend on a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to the financial condition and performance of those counterparties.
Market Risk. The market value of the Fund’s investments may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. The Fund’s investments may decline because of political, economic, regulatory, market or other developments. Changes in interest rates, credit conditions, market liquidity, investor sentiment or the financial condition of a counterparty may adversely affect the Fund even when those developments do not directly alter the probability of a particular election outcome. The Fund could lose all or a substantial portion of its investment in one or more positions.
Active Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed, and its performance will reflect the investment decisions of the Adviser. The Adviser will make judgments regarding the selection and weighting of event contracts, allocation among House, Senate and presidential exposure, use of swaps, management of liquidity and cash, implementation of the Fund’s volatility target and timing of portfolio rolls. These judgments may prove incorrect. If the investments selected or strategies employed by the Adviser fail to produce the intended results, the Fund may underperform other investments
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or experience negative returns. There is no guarantee that the Adviser’s strategy will achieve the Fund’s investment objective, maintain any particular level of volatility or prevent significant drawdowns.
Subsidiary Investment Risk. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and the Democratic Subsidiary are organized, respectively, could result in the inability of the Fund to operate as intended and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders. The Democratic Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act and is not subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. Thus, the Fund, as an investor in the Democratic Subsidiary, will not have all the protections offered to investors in registered investment companies.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Risk. The Fund expects to maintain a portion of its assets in cash and cash equivalents for liquidity, collateral and volatility-management purposes. Holding cash and cash equivalents may reduce the Fund’s participation in favorable movements in Democratic Outcome Contracts and create a drag on performance. Cash holdings also may be insufficient to prevent substantial losses if multiple event-contract positions decline at the same time. To the extent the Fund holds significant cash because suitable event contracts or swaps are unavailable, the Fund may be less likely to achieve its investment objective.
Money Market Instruments Risk. The value of money market instruments may be affected by changes in interest rates, liquidity and the credit quality of the issuer. If a significant portion of the Fund’s assets is invested in money market instruments, it may be more difficult for the Fund to achieve its investment objective. An investment in a money market fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, and it is possible to lose money by investing in a money market fund.
U.S. Government Securities Risk. U.S. government securities are subject to interest-rate risk and may decline in value when interest rates rise. Certain U.S. government securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, while others are supported only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality. Although U.S. government securities generally involve less credit risk than other debt instruments, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support to an agency or instrumentality if it is not legally obligated to do so.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may engage in frequent portfolio transactions to adjust its exposure, manage volatility, rebalance among election categories and roll contracts into future election cycles. High portfolio turnover may increase brokerage commissions, spreads, swap costs and other transaction expenses and may result in increased taxable capital gains. Creations and redemptions effected in cash also may require the Fund to enter into additional portfolio transactions. These factors may negatively affect the Fund’s performance.
Transaction Cost Risk. The commissions, fees, spreads, financing charges and other transaction costs associated with event contracts and swaps may be higher than those associated with more traditional investments. Such costs may increase when liquidity is limited, volatility is elevated or the Fund enters into or exits large positions. Transaction costs incurred in rebalancing and rolling positions will reduce the Fund’s returns.
Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and may invest a greater percentage of its assets in a smaller number of issuers or counterparties than a diversified fund. The Fund may have substantial exposure to a limited number of swap counterparties, exchanges, clearing structures or collateral instruments. A decline in the value of, or default by, a single investment or counterparty may therefore have a greater effect on the Fund than it would on a diversified fund. In addition, although the Fund expects exposure to numerous electoral contests, those positions will be tied to correlated outcomes favorable to the Democratic Party and may decline simultaneously.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from human error, processing or communication errors, inadequate or failed internal processes, technology or systems failures and errors by the Fund’s service providers, counterparties, exchanges, clearinghouses or other third parties. The Fund’s strategy may require the processing and valuation of numerous specialized contracts tied to different electoral contests and settlement dates, which may increase operational complexity. Any delay or failure in maintaining service-provider relationships, processing trades, calculating exposure, managing collateral or settling positions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
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Cybersecurity Risk. Cybersecurity failures or breaches affecting the Fund, the Adviser, the Fund’s other service providers, counterparties, exchanges, clearinghouses, Authorized Participants or market makers may disrupt business operations, impair trading or settlement, compromise confidential information or result in financial losses. Although the Fund and its service providers maintain business-continuity and risk-management systems, those systems may prove inadequate, and the Fund cannot control the cybersecurity systems of unaffiliated third parties.
ETF Structure Risk. The Fund is structured as an ETF and is therefore subject to special risks. Such risks include:
Trading Issues Risk. Trading in ETF shares on an exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in the ETF’s shares inadvisable, such as extraordinary market volatility. There can be no assurance that an ETF’s shares will continue to meet the listing requirements of its exchange or will trade with any volume. There is no guarantee that an active secondary market will develop for shares of an ETF. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of shares of an ETF may begin to mirror the liquidity of the ETF’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than shares of the ETF. This adverse effect on liquidity for the ETF’s shares in turn could lead to differences between the market price of the ETF’s shares and the underlying value of those shares.
Market Price Variance Risk. The market prices of shares of an ETF will fluctuate in response to changes in the ETF’s NAV, and supply and demand for ETF shares and will include a “bid-ask spread” charged by the exchange specialists, market makers or other participants that trade the particular security. There may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. This means that ETF shares may trade at a discount to NAV. The market price of an ETF’s shares may deviate from the value of the ETF’s underlying portfolio holdings, particularly in times of market stress, with the result that investors may pay significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of the shares of the ETF bought or sold.
Authorized Participants (“APs”), Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Risk. ETFs have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, shares of an ETF may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Costs of Buying or Selling Shares of an ETF. Due to the costs of buying or selling shares of an ETF, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of shares of an ETF may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in shares of an ETF may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a newly organized investment company with no operating history. Prospective investors therefore have no track record on which to base an investment decision. The Fund may initially have fewer assets than established funds, and large creations or redemptions may affect its market exposure, transaction costs and performance. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, and the Fund may be liquidated if it does not attract or maintain sufficient assets.
Performance History
The Fund does not have a full calendar year of performance history. In the future, performance information will be presented in this section of the Prospectus. Performance information will contain a bar chart and table that provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing the Fund’s average annual returns for certain time periods as compared to a broad measure of market performance. Investors should be aware that past performance before and after taxes is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
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Updated performance information for the Fund, including its current NAV per share, is available by calling toll-free (888) 711-8292.
Investment Adviser and Sub-Adviser
Hedgeye Asset Management, LLC (the “Adviser”) is the investment adviser to the Fund.
Tidal Investments, LLC ("Tidal" or the "Trading Sub-Adviser") is the sub-adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager
[To be filed by Amendment.]
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
The Fund will issue (or redeem) shares to certain institutional investors (typically market makers or other broker-dealers) only in large blocks of at least XX,XXX shares known as “Creation Units.” Creation Unit transactions are typically conducted in exchange for the deposit or delivery of in-kind securities and/or cash. Individual shares may only be purchased and sold on a national securities exchange through a broker-dealer. You can purchase and sell individual shares of the Fund throughout the trading day like any publicly traded security. The Fund’s shares are listed on the [___] (the “Exchange”). The price of the Fund’s shares is based on market price, and because ETF shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Fund shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount). When buying or selling shares through a broker, most investors will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offered prices in the secondary market for shares. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, the Fund’s shares are not redeemable securities. Recent information regarding the Fund, including its NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid/ask spreads, is available on the Fund’s website at www.hedgeyeam.com.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gain, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account in which case withdrawals from such arrangement generally will be taxed.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
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Hedgeye Republican Party ETF
Investment Objective
Hedgeye Republican Party ETF (the “Fund”) seeks long-term capital appreciation based on the electoral performance of the Republican Party in U.S. federal elections, on a continuous basis.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) | |||||
Management Fee(1) | [ ] | ||||
| Distribution (12b-1) and Service Fees | 0.00% | ||||
Other Expenses | 0.00% | ||||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | [ ] | ||||
(1) Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, Hedgeye Asset Management, LLC (the “Adviser”), at its own expense and without reimbursement from the Fund, pays all of the expenses of the Fund, excluding the advisory fees, interest expenses, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage commissions and any other portfolio transaction-related expenses and fees arising out of transactions effected on behalf of the Fund, credit facility fees and expenses, including interest expenses, and litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business.
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| Name of Fund | 1 Year | 3 Years | ||||||
| Hedgeye Republican Party ETF | $[ ] | $[ ] | ||||||
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not yet commenced operations and therefore does not have any portfolio turnover information available.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund’s investment objective is to provide capital appreciation to investors based on the electoral performance of the Republican Party in U.S. federal elections, on a continuous basis. The Fund seeks to provide investors and institutions with a means of obtaining ongoing exposure to the standing of the Republican Party across the U.S. House of Representatives, the U.S. Senate, and the U.S. Presidency, rather than exposure to the outcome of any single election or office.
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Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in derivative instruments and event contracts whose value is tied to electoral outcomes favorable to the Republican Party. For purposes of compliance with this investment policy, derivative contracts will be valued at their notional value.
Unlike strategies that express a political view through baskets of equity securities whose performance is only indirectly related to an electoral result, the Fund seeks exposure tied directly to electoral outcomes. In seeking to achieve its investment objective, the Fund invests in, or seeks exposure to, a type of derivative instrument known as an “event contract.” Event contracts are derivative instruments that permit market participants to trade on the occurrence or non-occurrence of a specified future event, such as which party wins a particular congressional seat, which party controls a chamber of Congress, or which party wins the U.S. Presidency. Each event contract specifies a binary payout structure, typically settling at $1.00 if the referenced event occurs and at $0.00 if the event does not occur. The Fund seeks exposure to event contracts that settle in favor of the Republican Party (collectively, “Republican Outcome Contracts”).
The Fund’s investment adviser, Hedgeye Asset Management (the “Adviser”), seeks to structure the Fund’s portfolio such that substantially all of the Fund’s economic exposure is based upon the performance of Republican Outcome Contracts. The Fund will primarily derive such exposure through swap agreements that utilize Republican Outcome Contracts as the reference asset or other securities and assets that derive their value from Republican Outcome Contracts. The Fund may also invest directly in Republican Outcome Contracts. The Fund expects to obtain exposure to event contracts that trade on event markets operated by regulated venues, which may include markets operated by entities registered with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission as designated contract markets.
The Fund pursues its objective through a combination of exposures spanning the three principal categories of federal electoral contests. The Fund seeks exposure to congressional outcomes, comprising both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, as well as the outcome of the U.S. Presidency. Within its House exposure, the Fund seeks exposure to Republican Outcome Contracts referencing each of the individual House seats up for election, where liquidity permits; however, the Fund may also utilize contracts referencing overall Republican control of the House of Representatives. Within its Senate exposure, the Fund seeks exposure to Republican Outcome Contracts referencing each of the Senate seats up for election in the applicable election cycle, where liquidity permits; however, the Fund may also utilize contracts referencing overall Republican control of the Senate. The composition and relative sizing of the Fund's exposure within and across these three principal categories of federal electoral contests will be determined by the Adviser in its discretion and is expected to vary over time, including in response to the electoral calendar and the availability and liquidity of the relevant contracts. The Fund also maintains a portion of its assets in cash and cash equivalents.
Unlike event-linked products tied to the outcome of a single election, the Fund is designed to operate on a continuous basis and is not expected to terminate, or to lose substantially all of its value, upon the resolution of any single election. The Fund generally holds its positions through the settlement of the referenced event contracts. As the event contracts underlying a given election cycle settle, the Fund rolls the resulting proceeds into event contracts referencing the next applicable election cycle, generally every two years with respect to the House of Representatives, every two years with respect to the class of Senate seats then up for election, and every four years with respect to the Presidency. The Adviser may rebalance the Fund’s exposure between the three principal categories of federal electoral contests, as it deems appropriate, when the event contracts underlying a given election cycle settle. In addition, the Adviser seeks to manage the Fund’s exposure with reference to a target level of volatility, and maintains a portion of the Fund’s assets in cash and cash equivalents, with the intention that the value of the Fund not be fully dependent upon the outcome of any single contest. Because the Fund’s exposure is diversified across numerous individual electoral contests and is rolled forward across successive election cycles, the Fund is not designed to settle to zero.
The value of the Fund’s exposure to a Republican Outcome Contract will be based on its prevailing market price, which will typically range from $0.00 to $1.00. Each such contract will settle at $1.00 in the event that the referenced Republican outcome occurs and at $0.00 in the event that the referenced Republican outcome does not occur. Given the binary payout structure of these contracts, the price of such a contract on any given day reflects the market’s assessment of the implied probability that the referenced Republican outcome will occur. For instance, if such a contract is trading at $0.50 on a given day, it represents the market’s assessment that the implied probability of that Republican
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outcome is approximately 50%. Prior to settlement, the market value of the Fund’s exposure to Republican Outcome Contracts will fluctuate based primarily on changes in the market’s assessment of these implied probabilities. The price of such contracts should be expected to move incrementally as new information, polling data, news developments, or market sentiment alter expectations about the outcomes of the referenced elections. For instance, if the market price of a Republican Outcome Contract is $0.50, and subsequent new information or market sentiment causes that price to decrease to $0.45, the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) will reflect that decrease in value.
The Fund’s Portfolio Composition
The Hedgeye Republican Party Cayman Subsidiary (the “Republican Subsidiary”) is wholly owned and controlled by the Fund. The Fund’s investment in the Republican Subsidiary may not exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets (the “Subsidiary Limit”) as of the end of each fiscal quarter. The Fund’s investment in the Republican Subsidiary is intended to provide the Fund with exposure to Republican Party election outcomes through event contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments while enabling the Fund to satisfy the source-of-income requirements applicable to regulated investment companies under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
Except as otherwise noted, references to the investment strategies and risks of the Fund include the investment strategies and risks of the Republican Subsidiary. The Republican Subsidiary has the same investment objective as the Fund and generally follows the same investment strategies and investment restrictions as the Fund, except that, unlike the Fund, it may invest without limitation in event contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments that provide exposure to Republican Party election outcomes. The Fund will aggregate its investments with those of the Republican Subsidiary for purposes of determining compliance with (i) Section 8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), including the Fund’s fundamental investment limitations, and (ii) Section 18 of the 1940 Act, including the limitations applicable to the Fund’s use of leverage. In addition, the Republican Subsidiary’s investment advisory agreement will be administered in accordance with Section 15 of the 1940 Act, and the Republican Subsidiary will comply with the applicable provisions of Section 17 of the 1940 Act governing affiliated transactions. The principal investment strategies and principal risks of the Republican Subsidiary are considered to be principal investment strategies and principal risks of the Fund, and the disclosure in this Prospectus is intended to reflect the combined operations of the Fund and the Republican Subsidiary.
The Fund may hold as collateral significant amounts cash, cash equivalents and fixed-income securities, including U.S. Treasury or short-term investments, including money market funds. In managing the collateral portion of the Fund’s investment strategy, the Adviser generally seeks capital preservation. The average duration will vary.
An investment in the Fund is speculative and involves a substantial degree of risk. An investment in the Fund is not appropriate for all investors. Investors should review the section entitled “Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund” before investing.
Principal Risks
As with all funds, a shareholder is subject to the risk that his or her investment could lose money. The principal risks affecting shareholders’ investments in the Fund are set forth below. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. The principal risks described herein pertain to direct risks of making an investment in the Fund and/or risks of the issuers in which the Fund invests.
Republican Electoral Performance Risk. The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation based on the electoral performance of the Republican Party in elections for the U.S. House of Representatives, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. Presidency. Accordingly, the Fund’s performance will be adversely affected when market expectations regarding Republican electoral outcomes deteriorate or when the Republican Party performs less favorably than anticipated in one or more federal elections. Although the Fund is expected to obtain exposure to multiple electoral contests, substantially all of its event contract exposure will be tied to outcomes favorable to the Republican Party. Political, economic, demographic or other developments that negatively affect the Republican Party’s electoral prospects may therefore adversely affect numerous Fund positions at the same time. The Fund may experience significant losses even if the
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Republican Party is successful in certain elections but performs poorly in other elections to which the Fund has greater exposure.
Political and Election Event Risk. The Fund’s performance will depend directly on U.S. federal election outcomes and market expectations regarding those outcomes. The value of the Fund’s investments may fluctuate significantly in response to polling results, candidate announcements or withdrawals, campaign developments, debates, endorsements, changes in voter turnout expectations, legal proceedings involving candidates, changes in election laws or procedures, recounts, contested election results, geopolitical events, economic conditions, changes in public policy expectations, news reports, rumors and shifts in political sentiment. These developments may occur rapidly and may be difficult or impossible to predict. An election result also may differ materially from polling data, market expectations or projections reported before or immediately following an election.
Event Contracts Risk. The Fund’s investment performance will be closely tied to event contracts, a novel class of derivative instruments whose values are derived from the occurrence or non-occurrence of specified, objectively verifiable events. Event contracts may not develop the depth, liquidity or trading efficiency associated with more established derivatives markets, and their pricing may be influenced by speculative activity, behavioral biases, regulatory developments or concentrated participation by a limited number of traders. Because event contracts generally have binary payouts, the value of a contract may decline rapidly or become worthless if the referenced outcome does not occur, regardless of its prior market price. A contract trading at a price reflecting a high implied probability of a Republican outcome will nevertheless settle at $0.00 if that outcome does not occur.
Exchanges may amend contract specifications, suspend trading, impose position limits or take other actions that affect how event contracts trade or settle. Event contracts may react sharply to news, polling data or other developments and may not provide continuous or reliable price discovery during periods of stress or uncertainty. Investments in event contracts involve risks that differ from those associated with traditional securities, futures or options and could result in significant losses, valuation uncertainty or the Fund’s failure to achieve its investment objective.
Correlated Political Outcomes Risk. Although the Fund expects to obtain exposure to numerous House, Senate, chamber-control and presidential election outcomes, those outcomes may be highly correlated. National political trends, economic conditions, presidential approval ratings, voter turnout, demographic developments and changes in party preference may affect many electoral contests simultaneously. Diversification among individual elections therefore may not provide the same benefits as diversification among unrelated issuers, industries or asset classes. A national shift away from Republican candidates could cause a significant portion of the Fund’s positions to decline or settle at $0.00 at approximately the same time.
Congressional Election Risk. The Fund expects to obtain exposure to individual elections for the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, where liquidity permits, however may also utilize contracts referencing overall Republican control of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. Congressional election contracts may be affected by factors specific to an individual state, district, candidate or campaign, as well as national political developments. Information regarding individual congressional races may be limited, inconsistent or less widely disseminated than information regarding a presidential election. Certain congressional races also may receive limited market participation, resulting in less reliable pricing and reduced liquidity. House and Senate elections may be subject to recounts, litigation, delayed certification, runoff elections, vacancies or other circumstances that delay or complicate the determination of the relevant outcome.
Chamber Control Risk. The Fund may invest in event contracts tied to whether the Republican Party will control the U.S. House of Representatives or the U.S. Senate. The outcome of a chamber-control contract may depend on numerous individual elections and may remain uncertain after many individual races have been decided. A small number of unresolved, contested or runoff elections may determine control of a chamber and cause the applicable contract to remain volatile or illiquid for an extended period. The settlement terms of a chamber-control contract also may depend on how vacancies, independents, party changes, coalitions, delayed elections or other unusual circumstances are treated under the contract specifications.
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Simultaneous Election and Settlement Risk. A substantial portion of the Fund’s House, Senate, chamber-control and presidential exposure may be resolved during the same federal election cycle. As election results become known, numerous event contracts may move rapidly toward their final settlement values at the same time. The Fund may therefore experience a sudden and substantial increase or decrease in its net asset value (“NAV”) on election day or during the days and weeks surrounding an election. Holding contracts tied to multiple contests does not eliminate the possibility of substantial portfolio-wide losses resulting from a single national election cycle.
Election Cycle Transition and Rolling Risk. As event contracts settle, the Fund expects to reinvest the proceeds in contracts tied to future House, Senate and presidential election cycles. The Fund may be unable to transition its exposure efficiently because successor contracts may not yet be listed, may have limited liquidity, may be subject to restrictive position limits or may trade at prices the Adviser considers unattractive. Future contracts also may have different terms, settlement provisions, regulatory treatment or trading characteristics than the contracts being replaced. During a transition between election cycles, the Fund may hold increased amounts of cash or cash equivalents and may have less exposure to Republican electoral outcomes than intended. The Fund may incur significant transaction costs when closing, settling or replacing positions.
Continuous Exposure Risk. The Fund is intended to provide continuous exposure to Republican electoral performance across successive federal election cycles. There can be no assurance that a sufficient number or variety of suitable event contracts will be available at all times. Contracts relating to certain individual House or Senate races may not be listed, may be removed from trading or may not provide sufficient capacity for the Fund. If suitable contracts are unavailable, the Fund may rely more heavily on swaps, chamber-control contracts, cash or other instruments that provide materially different exposure. The Fund’s performance may therefore differ from the performance that would have resulted if all desired event contracts had been available.
Portfolio Allocation Risk. The Adviser will determine the allocation of the Fund’s exposure among House elections, Senate elections, chamber-control outcomes, presidential elections, direct event contracts, swaps and cash or cash equivalents. The Fund’s strategy may not prescribe fixed allocations among each category. The Fund’s performance will therefore depend on the Adviser’s allocation decisions, including the amount of exposure assigned to particular election categories and the timing of changes to those allocations. An allocation that emphasizes elections or contracts that perform poorly may cause the Fund to underperform a differently allocated portfolio of Republican electoral event contracts.
Sizing and Weighting Risk. The Adviser has discretion to determine how the Fund's exposure is sized across and within categories of election contracts, including among individual seat contracts, chamber-control contracts and presidential contracts. The Fund does not use a fixed or rules-based weighting methodology, and the sizing of the Fund's positions may not correspond to the competitiveness, liquidity, market-implied probability or potential return of any particular contract. The Adviser's sizing decisions may cause the Fund to hold more exposure to contracts that perform poorly and less exposure to contracts that perform well, and the Fund may underperform a portfolio constructed using a different weighting approach.
Volatility Risk. Event contracts tied to political outcomes can exhibit pronounced and unpredictable price volatility, particularly as new information emerges or important election-related dates approach. Because event contracts have binary payouts that converge toward either $1.00 or $0.00 at settlement, relatively small changes in perceived probability may result in large percentage price movements. Volatility may increase near debates, party conventions, court decisions, election day, recounts, certifications, runoff elections or other significant events. Sharp price movements may occur even when traditional financial markets are stable and may produce significant fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV over short periods.
Volatility Management Risk. The Adviser seeks to manage the Fund’s exposure with reference to a target level of volatility. There is no assurance that the Adviser will achieve or maintain the targeted volatility or that the Fund’s losses will be limited to any particular amount. Political-event markets may move too rapidly for the Adviser to adjust exposure effectively, and historical volatility or other measures used by the Adviser may not accurately predict future price movements. Efforts to manage volatility may cause the Fund to reduce exposure before favorable price movements,
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increase exposure before unfavorable price movements, hold substantial cash or incur additional transaction costs. Volatility management may therefore reduce returns without preventing significant losses.
Liquidity Risk. Event contracts tied to political outcomes may experience periods of limited or uneven liquidity. Individual House and Senate election contracts may be less liquid than presidential or chamber-control contracts. Trading volume and market depth may be concentrated around major political developments and may decline during periods of uncertainty, regulatory review or following an election but before final settlement. Bid-ask spreads may widen significantly, particularly for large positions, contracts approaching settlement or contracts for which market sentiment has become one-sided.
The Fund may be unable to establish, maintain, rebalance, close or roll positions at desired times or prices. There may be few or no willing counterparties at prices close to the most recent trade, requiring the Fund to transact at disadvantageous prices or hold positions longer than intended. Liquidity constraints may increase transaction costs and NAV volatility, cause the Fund’s performance to deviate from changes in the market-implied probabilities reflected by the contracts or prevent the Fund from implementing its strategy as intended.
Position Limits Risk. Event contracts listed on designated contract markets are subject to position limits and other accountability requirements imposed by the applicable exchange or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). Such limits may change over time, including without advance notice. Position limits may constrain the Fund’s ability to initiate or increase positions, require the Fund to reduce existing positions or prevent the Fund from obtaining its desired exposure to certain election outcomes. The effect of position limits may be particularly significant for contracts tied to individual congressional races with relatively limited market capacity. If the Fund is required to reduce or liquidate positions, it may incur transaction costs, realize unfavorable gains or losses or be unable to pursue its investment objective.
Exchange and Clearinghouse Risk. The Fund’s exposure to event contracts subjects it to the operational, financial and regulatory risks of the designated contract markets listing those contracts and their affiliated clearing structures. System outages, data errors, cyber incidents, trade-processing failures or inadequate risk controls could impair price discovery, delay or prevent execution or cause positions to be processed or liquidated incorrectly. Although clearing is intended to reduce counterparty risk, it does not eliminate the possibility of losses resulting from clearing member defaults, insufficient clearinghouse resources or recovery and resolution measures that allocate losses to market participants.
A designated contract market or clearinghouse may impose trading halts, position limits, settlement adjustments, eligibility restrictions, liquidation-only requirements or other measures that alter the economics or availability of contracts held by the Fund. Any such action could increase costs, create valuation uncertainty, result in significant losses or prevent the Fund from implementing its strategy.
Regulatory Risk. The regulatory framework governing political event contracts is evolving and subject to significant uncertainty. Changes in how such contracts are classified, permitted, regulated or restricted under the Commodity Exchange Act or by the CFTC could materially and adversely affect the Fund. The CFTC has broad authority to review political event contracts and may determine that particular contracts must be modified, suspended, delisted or prohibited. A designated contract market also may impose new margin requirements, position limits, reporting obligations, trading restrictions or settlement procedures.
Legislative, judicial or administrative developments, reinterpretations of existing law or changes in enforcement priorities could affect the permissibility, availability or settlement of political event contracts. These developments may occur abruptly and may not provide a mechanism for an orderly liquidation of the Fund’s positions. Regulatory action could impair the Fund’s ability to establish, maintain or close positions, require liquidation at disadvantageous prices, render the Fund’s strategy impracticable or result in the reorganization, liquidation or termination of the Fund.
Settlement Risk. Event contracts are settled pursuant to the rules, procedures and contract specifications of the listing exchange and its clearing structure. Settlement depends on the exchange’s determination that the referenced event has or has not occurred, as well as the timely performance of the clearinghouse and its members. Errors, ambiguities,
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disputes or reinterpretations regarding the definition of an election outcome, the applicable information source, certification requirements or the timing of the determination may delay or alter settlement.
In the case of a contested or uncertain election, an exchange may postpone its determination, apply alternative settlement procedures or take other action that differs from market participants’ expectations. A contract’s settlement may be based on specified terms that differ from news reports, election projections or an investor’s general understanding of the outcome. Operational or financial difficulties at the exchange, clearinghouse or a clearing member also could interfere with settlement. In extreme cases, settlement could be delayed, suspended, cancelled or subjected to regulatory review, and the Fund may be unable to realize anticipated gains.
Valuation Risk. The Fund generally will value event contract positions based on available market prices. Such prices may not reflect the amounts the Fund would receive if it liquidated its positions, particularly in thin, volatile or stressed markets. Event contracts may trade with limited market depth, episodic activity and wide bid-ask spreads. Prices also may be influenced by short-term sentiment, regulatory developments, speculative activity, misinformation or concentrated trading rather than an objective assessment of electoral probability.
If reliable market quotations are not readily available, the Fund may use fair value methodologies based on models, estimates or subjective judgments. Those methodologies may differ from the methods used by other market participants and may produce values that later prove inaccurate. Differences between the Fund’s valuation and the price ultimately realized may adversely affect performance, create dilution among shareholders or result in realized or unrealized losses.
Swap Agreements Risk. The Fund expects to obtain a substantial portion of its exposure through swap agreements referencing Republican electoral event contracts. Swap agreements may involve risks greater than or different from the risks associated with directly purchasing event contracts. Swaps may involve leverage and are subject to counterparty, credit, liquidity, valuation, documentation and operational risks. The value of a swap may differ from the value of the referenced event contracts because of financing charges, transaction costs, counterparty pricing, collateral requirements, valuation timing or other factors.
Many swaps are traded over the counter and may be illiquid. The Fund may be unable to enter into, modify or terminate a swap at an advantageous time or price. The Fund also may not have the same rights as a direct holder of the referenced event contract. If suitable swap counterparties are unavailable or unwilling to provide the desired exposure, the Fund may be unable to implement its strategy.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund’s transactions with counterparties are subject to the risk that a counterparty will fail to fulfill its obligations. A counterparty may fail to perform because of financial difficulties, insolvency, bankruptcy, operational failures, market developments or other reasons. If a counterparty defaults or disputes its obligations, the Fund may lose amounts owed to it, experience delays in recovery or recover only a portion of its exposure. Because swaps referencing political event contracts are specialized instruments, the Fund may depend on a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund’s exposure to the financial condition and performance of those counterparties.
Market Risk. The market value of the Fund’s investments may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. The Fund’s investments may decline because of political, economic, regulatory, market or other developments. Changes in interest rates, credit conditions, market liquidity, investor sentiment or the financial condition of a counterparty may adversely affect the Fund even when those developments do not directly alter the probability of a particular election outcome. The Fund could lose all or a substantial portion of its investment in one or more positions.
Active Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed, and its performance will reflect the investment decisions of the Adviser. The Adviser will make judgments regarding the selection and weighting of event contracts, allocation among House, Senate and presidential exposure, use of swaps, management of liquidity and cash, implementation of the Fund’s volatility target and timing of portfolio rolls. These judgments may prove incorrect. If the investments selected or strategies employed by the Adviser fail to produce the intended results, the Fund may underperform other investments
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or experience negative returns. There is no guarantee that the Adviser’s strategy will achieve the Fund’s investment objective, maintain any particular level of volatility or prevent significant drawdowns.
Subsidiary Investment Risk. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and the Republican Subsidiary are organized, respectively, could result in the inability of the Fund to operate as intended and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders. The Republican Subsidiary is not registered under the 1940 Act and is not subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. Thus, the Fund, as an investor in the Republican Subsidiary, will not have all the protections offered to investors in registered investment companies.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Risk. The Fund expects to maintain a portion of its assets in cash and cash equivalents for liquidity, collateral and volatility-management purposes. Holding cash and cash equivalents may reduce the Fund’s participation in favorable movements in Republican Outcome Contracts and create a drag on performance. Cash holdings also may be insufficient to prevent substantial losses if multiple event-contract positions decline at the same time. To the extent the Fund holds significant cash because suitable event contracts or swaps are unavailable, the Fund may be less likely to achieve its investment objective.
Money Market Instruments Risk. The value of money market instruments may be affected by changes in interest rates, liquidity and the credit quality of the issuer. If a significant portion of the Fund’s assets is invested in money market instruments, it may be more difficult for the Fund to achieve its investment objective. An investment in a money market fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, and it is possible to lose money by investing in a money market fund.
U.S. Government Securities Risk. U.S. government securities are subject to interest-rate risk and may decline in value when interest rates rise. Certain U.S. government securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, while others are supported only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality. Although U.S. government securities generally involve less credit risk than other debt instruments, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support to an agency or instrumentality if it is not legally obligated to do so.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may engage in frequent portfolio transactions to adjust its exposure, manage volatility, rebalance among election categories and roll contracts into future election cycles. High portfolio turnover may increase brokerage commissions, spreads, swap costs and other transaction expenses and may result in increased taxable capital gains. Creations and redemptions effected in cash also may require the Fund to enter into additional portfolio transactions. These factors may negatively affect the Fund’s performance.
Transaction Cost Risk. The commissions, fees, spreads, financing charges and other transaction costs associated with event contracts and swaps may be higher than those associated with more traditional investments. Such costs may increase when liquidity is limited, volatility is elevated or the Fund enters into or exits large positions. Transaction costs incurred in rebalancing and rolling positions will reduce the Fund’s returns.
Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and may invest a greater percentage of its assets in a smaller number of issuers or counterparties than a diversified fund. The Fund may have substantial exposure to a limited number of swap counterparties, exchanges, clearing structures or collateral instruments. A decline in the value of, or default by, a single investment or counterparty may therefore have a greater effect on the Fund than it would on a diversified fund. In addition, although the Fund expects exposure to numerous electoral contests, those positions will be tied to correlated outcomes favorable to the Republican Party and may decline simultaneously.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from human error, processing or communication errors, inadequate or failed internal processes, technology or systems failures and errors by the Fund’s service providers, counterparties, exchanges, clearinghouses or other third parties. The Fund’s strategy may require the processing and valuation of numerous specialized contracts tied to different electoral contests and settlement dates, which may increase operational complexity. Any delay or failure in maintaining service-provider relationships, processing trades, calculating exposure, managing collateral or settling positions could impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
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Cybersecurity Risk. Cybersecurity failures or breaches affecting the Fund, the Adviser, the Fund’s other service providers, counterparties, exchanges, clearinghouses, Authorized Participants or market makers may disrupt business operations, impair trading or settlement, compromise confidential information or result in financial losses. Although the Fund and its service providers maintain business-continuity and risk-management systems, those systems may prove inadequate, and the Fund cannot control the cybersecurity systems of unaffiliated third parties.
ETF Structure Risk. The Fund is structured as an ETF and is therefore subject to special risks. Such risks include:
Trading Issues Risk. Trading in ETF shares on an exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the exchange, make trading in the ETF’s shares inadvisable, such as extraordinary market volatility. There can be no assurance that an ETF’s shares will continue to meet the listing requirements of its exchange or will trade with any volume. There is no guarantee that an active secondary market will develop for shares of an ETF. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of shares of an ETF may begin to mirror the liquidity of the ETF’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than shares of the ETF. This adverse effect on liquidity for the ETF’s shares in turn could lead to differences between the market price of the ETF’s shares and the underlying value of those shares.
Market Price Variance Risk. The market prices of shares of an ETF will fluctuate in response to changes in the ETF’s NAV, and supply and demand for ETF shares and will include a “bid-ask spread” charged by the exchange specialists, market makers or other participants that trade the particular security. There may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. This means that ETF shares may trade at a discount to NAV. The market price of an ETF’s shares may deviate from the value of the ETF’s underlying portfolio holdings, particularly in times of market stress, with the result that investors may pay significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of the shares of the ETF bought or sold.
Authorized Participants (“APs”), Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Risk. ETFs have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, shares of an ETF may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Costs of Buying or Selling Shares of an ETF. Due to the costs of buying or selling shares of an ETF, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of shares of an ETF may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in shares of an ETF may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a newly organized investment company with no operating history. Prospective investors therefore have no track record on which to base an investment decision. The Fund may initially have fewer assets than established funds, and large creations or redemptions may affect its market exposure, transaction costs and performance. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, and the Fund may be liquidated if it does not attract or maintain sufficient assets.
Performance History
The Fund does not have a full calendar year of performance history. In the future, performance information will be presented in this section of the Prospectus. Performance information will contain a bar chart and table that provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing the Fund’s average annual returns for certain time periods as compared to a broad measure of market performance. Investors should be aware that past performance before and after taxes is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
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Updated performance information for the Fund, including its current NAV per share, is available by calling toll-free (888) 711-8292.
Investment Adviser and Sub-Adviser
Hedgeye Asset Management, LLC (the “Adviser”) is the investment adviser to the Fund.
Tidal Investments, LLC (“Tidal” or the “Trading Sub-Adviser”) is the sub-adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager
[To be filed by Amendment.]
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
The Fund will issue (or redeem) shares to certain institutional investors (typically market makers or other broker-dealers) only in large blocks of at least XX,XXX shares known as “Creation Units.” Creation Unit transactions are typically conducted in exchange for the deposit or delivery of in-kind securities and/or cash. Individual shares may only be purchased and sold on a national securities exchange through a broker-dealer. You can purchase and sell individual shares of the Fund throughout the trading day like any publicly traded security. The Fund’s shares are listed on the [_____] (the “Exchange”). The price of the Fund’s shares is based on market price, and because ETF shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Fund shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount). When buying or selling shares through a broker, most investors will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offered prices in the secondary market for shares. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, the Fund’s shares are not redeemable securities. Recent information regarding the Fund, including its NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid/ask spreads, is available on the Fund’s website at www.hedgeyeam.com.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gain, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account in which case withdrawals from such arrangement generally will be taxed.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS’ INVESTMENTS
Each Fund’s investment objective is described in the summary section for each Fund. The summary section also describes each Fund’s principal investment strategies, including the types of securities in which each Fund invests, and the principal risks of investing in each Fund. The principal investment strategies are not the only investment strategies available to each Fund, but they are the ones each Fund primarily uses to achieve its investment objective.
The Funds’ investment objectives and policies may be changed by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of ETF Opportunities Trust (the “Trust”) without shareholder approval upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to shareholders. Unless otherwise noted, all other policies of the Funds may be changed without shareholder approval.
ETFs are funds that trade like other publicly traded securities. Unlike shares of a mutual fund, which can be bought and redeemed from the issuing fund by all shareholders at a price based on NAV, shares of the Funds may be purchased or redeemed directly from the Funds at NAV solely by Authorized Participants and only in aggregations of a specified number of shares Creation Units. Also, unlike shares of a mutual fund, shares of the Funds are listed on a national securities exchange and trade in the secondary market at market prices that change throughout the day.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT RISK
It is important that you closely review and understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The Fund’s NAV and investment return will fluctuate based upon changes in the value of its portfolio securities. You could lose money on your investment in the Fund, and the Fund could underperform other investments. There is no guarantee that the Fund will meet its investment objective. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. The discussion below provides additional information regarding the principal risks of investing in the Funds, including risks associated with each Fund's investment strategy, portfolio investments and operations. Each Fund's principal risks is provided in the Fund Summary.
Tax Risk. Each Fund intends to qualify each taxable year for treatment as a regulated investment company ("RIC") under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). To qualify as a RIC, each Fund must, among other requirements, satisfy annual source-of-income, asset-diversification and distribution requirements. If either Fund were to fail to satisfy the requirements applicable to RICs and were unable to obtain or maintain such treatment, that Fund would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the fund level, which would reduce its net assets and the amount of income available for distribution to shareholders.
To satisfy the source-of-income requirement, at least 90% of each Fund's gross income for each taxable year must consist of qualifying income described in the Code. The Funds expect to obtain exposure to federal election outcomes through event contracts, total return swaps and other derivative instruments. The U.S. federal income tax treatment of certain derivative instruments, including instruments that reference event contracts or political election outcomes, is not entirely free from doubt and may be affected by future legislation, Treasury regulations, Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") guidance or judicial decisions. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court would agree with a Fund's treatment of income derived from such investments as qualifying income for purposes of the RIC qualification requirements.
Each Fund expects to obtain a portion of its investment exposure through its respective wholly owned Cayman Islands subsidiary (each, a "Subsidiary"). Each Fund's investment in its Subsidiary is intended to facilitate the Fund's investment strategy while enabling the Fund to satisfy the qualifying income requirements applicable to RICs. Although the IRS has previously issued private letter rulings to other taxpayers concluding that certain income inclusions attributable to wholly owned foreign subsidiaries constitute qualifying income, those rulings may not be relied upon by the Funds. In addition, the IRS has suspended issuing such rulings, and future legislation, Treasury regulations, IRS guidance or judicial decisions could adversely affect the treatment of income derived through a Subsidiary or otherwise affect the character, timing or amount of a Fund's taxable income.
To satisfy the asset-diversification requirements applicable to RICs, among other requirements, each Fund generally may not invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in the securities of any one issuer, including its Subsidiary, as
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measured at the close of each fiscal quarter. Each Fund intends to limit its investment in its Subsidiary to no more than 25% of the value of its total assets in order to satisfy this requirement.
Although each Fund intends to monitor its investments and conduct its operations in a manner designed to qualify for treatment as a RIC, no assurance can be given that it will be successful in doing so. If either Fund were to fail to qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and were ineligible or unable to cure such failure, that Fund would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation on its taxable income and gains. As a result, that Fund's net assets and the amount of income available for distribution to shareholders would be reduced. In addition, distributions by that Fund generally would be taxable as ordinary dividend income to the extent paid from the Fund's current or accumulated earnings and profits, and the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make significant distributions before requalifying as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year.
MANAGEMENT
The Investment Adviser. Hedgeye Asset Management, LLC (the “Adviser”), 1 High Ridge Park, 3rd Floor, Stamford, Connecticut 06905, is the investment adviser for the Funds. The Adviser is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The Adviser is a Delaware Limited Liability Company and was organized in 2025.
Under the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and the Trust, on behalf of the Funds (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”), the Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s investments. The Adviser also: (i) furnishes the Funds with office space and certain administrative services; (ii) provides guidance and policy direction in connection with its daily management of each Fund’s assets, subject to the authority of the Board; and (iii) is responsible for oversight of the Sub-Adviser. For its services, the Adviser is entitled to receive an annual management fee calculated daily and payable monthly, at the annual rate of [ ]% of each Fund’s average daily net assets.
Manager-of-Managers Structure
The Adviser and the Trust have filed an application for an exemptive order from the SEC that, if granted, will allow the Fund to operate in a “manager of managers” structure whereby the Adviser, as the Fund’s investment adviser, can appoint and replace both wholly owned and unaffiliated sub-advisers, and enter into, amend and terminate sub-advisory agreements with such sub-advisers, each subject to Board approval but without obtaining prior shareholder approval (the “Manager of Managers Structure”). The Fund will, however, inform shareholders of the hiring of any new sub-adviser within 90 days after the hiring. If granted, the SEC exemptive order will provide the Fund with greater efficiency and without incurring the expenses and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approval of sub-advisory agreements with such sub-advisers.
The use of the Manager of Managers Structure with respect to the Fund will be subject to certain conditions that will be set forth in the SEC exemptive order. Under the Manager of Managers Structure, the Adviser will have the ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight by the Board, to oversee the sub-advisers and recommend their hiring, termination and replacement. The Adviser will also, subject to the review and approval of the Board: set the Fund’s overall investment strategy; evaluate, select and recommend sub-advisers to manage all or a portion of the Fund’s assets; and implement procedures reasonably designed to ensure that each sub-adviser complies with the Fund’s investment objective, policies and restrictions. Subject to the review of the Board, the Adviser will allocate and, when appropriate, reallocate the Fund’s assets among sub-advisers and monitor and evaluate the sub-advisers’ performance.
As of the date of this prospectus, the SEC has not granted the Adviser’s and Trust’s application for an exemptive order to operate in the Manager of Managers structure, and there is no guarantee that such order will be granted. The Trust and the Adviser will not rely on the exemptive order unless and until such order is granted.
The Sub-Adviser
Tidal Investments, LLC. The Adviser has retained Tidal Investments, LLC (the “Trading Sub-Adviser”), trading sub-adviser for the Funds. The Trading Sub-Adviser is responsible for trading portfolio securities for the Funds, including selecting
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broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions, subject to the supervision of the Adviser and the Board. The Trading Sub-Adviser does not select investments for each Fund’s portfolio. The Trading Sub-Adviser, which has its principal office at 898 N. Broadway, Suite 2, Massapequa, New York 11758, was formed in 2012 and provides investment advisory, investment research, and portfolio construction services to ETF clients. Please see the statement of additional information for a description of the sub-advisory fee.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board approving the Investment Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreements for the Funds will be available in the Funds’ semi-annual report to shareholders, once that report is produced.
The Portfolio Managers
[To be filed by Amendment]
The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers’ ownership in the Fund.
The Trust
Each Fund is a series of the ETF Opportunities Trust, an open-end management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust on March 18, 2019. The Board supervises the operations of the Funds according to applicable state and federal law, and the Board is responsible for the overall management of the Funds’ business affairs.
Portfolio Holdings
A description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio securities is available in the SAI. Complete holdings are published on the Funds’ website on a daily basis. Please visit the Funds’ website at www.hedgeyeam.com. In addition, each Fund’s complete holdings (as of the dates of such reports) are available in reports on Form N-PORT and Form N-CSR filed with the SEC.
DISTRIBUTION (12B-1) PLAN
The Board has adopted a Distribution and Shareholder Service Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, the Funds are authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year for certain distribution-related activities and shareholder services.
No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Funds, and there are no current plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because the fees are paid out of each Fund’s assets, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.
HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES
Most investors will buy and sell shares of the Funds through broker-dealers at market prices. Shares of the Funds are listed for trading on the Exchange and on the secondary market during the trading day and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other shares of publicly traded securities. Shares of the Funds are traded under the below listed trading symbols:
| Fund | Trading Symbol | ||||
| Hedgeye Democratic Party ETF | HDEM | ||||
| Hedgeye Republican Party ETF | HREP | ||||
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When buying or selling shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offered price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction.
The NAV of each Fund’s shares is calculated at the close of regular trading on the Exchange, generally 4:00 p.m. New York time, on each day the Exchange is open. The NAV of each Fund’s Shares is determined by dividing the total value of a Fund’s portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, by the total number of Shares outstanding of the Fund.
In calculating its NAV, a Fund generally values its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments.
Fair value pricing is used by a Fund when market quotations are not readily available or are deemed to be unreliable or inaccurate based on factors such as evidence of a thin market in the security or a significant event occurring after the close of the market but before the time as of which a Fund’s NAV is calculated. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a Fund to calculate its NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.
APs may acquire shares directly from each Fund, and APs may tender their shares for redemption directly to the Fund, at NAV per share only in large blocks, or Creation Units, of at least XX,XXX shares. Purchases and redemptions directly with the Funds must follow each Fund’s procedures, which are described in the SAI.
Under normal circumstances, each Fund will pay out redemption proceeds to a redeeming AP within two (2) days after the AP’s redemption request is received, in accordance with the process set forth in the Funds’ SAI and in the agreement between the AP and the Funds’ distributor. However, the Funds reserve the right, including under stressed market conditions, to take up to seven (7) days after the receipt of a redemption request to pay an AP, all as permitted by the 1940 Act. The Funds anticipate regularly meeting redemption requests primarily through in-kind redemptions. However, the Funds reserve the right to pay all or portion of the redemption proceeds to an AP in cash. Cash used for redemptions will be raised from the sale of portfolio assets or may come from existing holdings of cash or cash equivalents.
Each Fund may liquidate and terminate at any time without shareholder approval.
Book Entry
Shares are held in book entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding shares and is recognized as the owner of all shares for all purposes.
Investors owning shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all shares. Participants in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book entry or “street name” form.
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF FUND SHARES
Shares can only be purchased and redeemed directly from each Fund in Creation Units by APs, and the vast majority of trading in shares occurs on the secondary market. Because the secondary market trades do not directly involve a Fund, it is unlikely those trades would cause the harmful effects of market timing, including dilution, disruption of portfolio management, increases in the Fund’s trading costs and the realization of capital gains. With regard to the purchase or redemption of Creation Units directly with a Fund, to the extent effected in-kind (i.e., for securities), those trades do not
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cause the harmful effects that may result from frequent cash trades. To the extent trades are effected in whole or in part in cash, those trades could result in dilution to the Fund and increased transaction costs, which could negatively impact a Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. However, direct trading by APs is critical to ensuring that shares trade at or close to NAV. Each Fund also employs fair valuation pricing to minimize potential dilution from market timing. In addition, each Fund imposes transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of shares to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting trades. These fees increase if an investor substitutes cash in part or in whole for securities, reflecting the fact that a Fund’s trading costs increase in those circumstances. Given this structure, the Trust has determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter market timing of the shares.
DIVIDENDS, OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
Shares are traded throughout the day in the secondary market on a national securities exchange on an intra-day basis and are created and redeemed in-kind and/or for cash in Creation Units at each day’s next calculated NAV. In-kind arrangements are designed to protect ongoing shareholders from the adverse effects on a Fund’s portfolio that could arise from frequent cash redemption transactions. The Funds expect to typically satisfy redemptions in-kind. However, if a Fund satisfies a redemption in cash this may result in the Fund selling portfolio securities to obtain cash to meet net fund redemptions which can have an adverse tax impact on taxable shareholders. These sales may generate taxable gains for the ongoing shareholders of the fund, whereas the shares’ in-kind redemption mechanism generally will not lead to a tax event for the Fund or its ongoing shareholders.
Ordinarily, dividends from net investment income, if any, are declared and paid at least annually by each Fund. The Funds will distribute net realized capital gains, if any, to shareholders at least annually. The Funds may also pay a special distribution at the end of a calendar year to comply with federal tax requirements.
No dividend reinvestment service is provided by the Funds. Broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by beneficial owners of a Fund for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Beneficial owners should contact their broker to determine the availability and costs of the service and the details of participation therein. Brokers may require beneficial owners to adhere to specific procedures and timetables. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole shares of the Fund purchased in the secondary market.
Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole shares only if the broker through whom you purchased shares makes such option available.
Taxes
As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in shares will be taxed. The tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in shares.
Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, such as an individual retirement account, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when:
-A Fund makes distributions,
-You sell your shares listed on the Exchange, and
-You purchase or redeem Creation Units.
Taxes on Distributions
Distributions from the Fund’s net investment income, including net short-term capital gains, if any, are taxable to you as ordinary income, except that the Fund’s dividends attributable to its “qualified dividend income” (e.g., dividends received on stock of most domestic and certain foreign corporations with respect to which the Fund satisfies certain holding period and other restrictions), if any, generally are subject to U.S. federal income tax for U.S. non-corporate shareholders who satisfy those restrictions with respect to their shares at the rate for net capital gain. A part of the Fund’s dividends also may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to U.S. corporations (the eligible
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portion may not exceed the aggregate dividends the Fund receives from domestic corporations subject to U.S. federal income tax (excluding REITs) and excludes dividends from foreign corporations) subject to similar restrictions. However, dividends a U.S. corporate shareholder deducts pursuant to that deduction are subject indirectly to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.
A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses, affect the Fund’s performance.
In general, distributions received from a Fund are subject to U.S. federal income tax when they are paid, whether taken in cash or reinvested in the Fund (if that option is available). Distributions reinvested in additional shares through the means of a dividend reinvestment service, if available, will be taxable to shareholders acquiring the additional shares to the same extent as if such distributions had been received in cash. Distributions of net long-term capital gains, if any, in excess of net short-term capital losses are taxable as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long you have held the shares.
Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of your basis in the shares and as capital gain thereafter. A distribution will reduce a Fund’s NAV per share and may be taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gain (as described above) even though, from an investment standpoint, the distribution may constitute a return of capital.
By law, the Funds are required to backup withhold twenty-four percent (24%) of distributions and redemption proceeds if you have not provided the Fund with a correct Social Security number or other taxpayer identification number and in certain other situations.
Taxes on Exchange-Listed Share Sales
Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of shares is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for one (1) year or less. The ability to deduct capital losses from sales of shares may be limited.
Taxes on Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units
An Authorized Participant who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the sum of the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered plus any cash it pays. An Authorized Participant who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the sum of the aggregate market value of the securities received plus any cash. The Internal Revenue Service (“Service”), however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales” or for other reasons. Persons exchanging securities should consult their own tax Adviser with respect to whether the wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.
Any capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one (1) year and as short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for one (1) year or less.
If you purchase or redeem Creation Units, you will be sent a confirmation statement showing how many shares you purchased or sold and at what price. See “Taxes” in the SAI for a description of the requirement regarding basis determination methods applicable to share redemptions and the Fund’s obligation to report basis information to the Service.
At the time that this prospectus is being prepared, various administrative and legislative changes to the U.S. federal tax laws are under consideration, but it is not possible at this time to determine whether any of these changes will take place or what the changes might entail.
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The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current U.S. federal tax law of an investment in the Fund. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. Consult your personal tax Adviser about the potential tax consequences of an investment in the shares under all applicable tax laws. See “Taxes” in the SAI for more information.
FUND SERVICE PROVIDERS
Commonwealth Fund Services, Inc. (the “Administrator”) is the Funds’ administrator. The firm is primarily in the business of providing administrative services to retail and institutional mutual funds and exchange-traded funds.
[_____________] serves as the Fund’s fund accountant, and it provides certain other services to the Fund not provided by the Administrator. [__________] is primarily in the business of providing administrative, fund accounting services to retail and institutional exchange-traded funds and mutual funds.
As transfer agent, [__________], has, among other things, agreed to: issue and redeem shares of the Fund; make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of the Fund; effect transfers of shares; mail communications to shareholders of the Funds, including account statements, confirmations, and dividend and distribution notices; facilitate the electronic delivery of shareholder statements and reports; and maintain shareholder accounts.
[__________] acts as custodian for the Fund. As such, [__________] holds all securities and cash of the Fund, delivers and receives payment for securities sold, receives and pays for securities purchased, collects income from investments, and performs other duties, all as directed by officers of the Trust. [__________] does not exercise any supervisory function over management of the Fund, the purchase and sale of securities, or the payment of distributions to shareholders.
Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as the Distributor of Creation Units for the Fund on an agency basis. The Distributor does not maintain a secondary market in shares.
Practus, LLP serves as legal counsel to the Trust and the Fund.
[__________] serves as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the annual financial statements of the Fund.
OTHER INFORMATION
Continuous Offering
The method by which Creation Units of shares are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units of shares are issued and sold by the Fund on an ongoing basis, a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), may occur at any point. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the Securities Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares and sells the shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a characterization as an underwriter.
Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, are generally required to deliver a prospectus. This is because
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the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(3) of the Securities Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. As a result, broker-dealer firms should note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted with engaging in ordinary secondary market transactions) and thus dealing with the shares that are part of an overallotment within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the Securities Act. For delivery of prospectuses to exchange members, the prospectus delivery mechanism of Rule 153 under the Securities Act is only available with respect to transactions on a national exchange.
Dealers effecting transactions in the shares, whether or not participating in this distribution, are generally required to deliver a Prospectus. This is in addition to any obligation of dealers to deliver a Prospectus when acting as underwriters.
Premium/Discount Information
When available, information regarding how often the Shares of each Fund traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e. at a premium) or below (i.e. at a discount) the NAV of the Fund will be available at www.hedgeyeam.com.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Because the Funds have not yet commenced operations as of the date hereof, no financial highlights are available. In the future, financial highlights will be presented in this section of the Prospectus.
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FOR MORE INFORMATION
You will find more information about the Funds in the following documents:
Statement of Additional Information: For more information about the Funds, you may wish to refer to the Funds’ SAI dated __________, 2026, which is on file with the SEC and incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
Annual/Semi-Annual Reports: Additional information about the Funds’ investments, once available, will be available in the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In each Fund's annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected each Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Funds’ annual and semi-annual financial statements.
You can obtain a free copy of the SAI, annual and semi-annual reports, and other information, such as the Funds’ financial statements, by writing to the Hedgeye ETFs, 8730 Stony Point Parkway, Suite 205, Richmond, Virginia 23235, by calling the Fund toll free at (888) 711-8292, or by e-mail at: mail@ccofva.com. The Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports, prospectus, SAI and other information such as financial statements are all available for viewing/downloading at www.hedgeyeam.com. General inquiries regarding the Funds may also be directed to the above address or telephone number.
Copies of these documents and other information about the Funds is available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies of these documents may also be obtained, after paying a duplication fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
(Investment Company Act File No. 811-23439)
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HEDGEYE DEMOCRACTIC PARTY ETF
Ticker: HDEM
HEDGEYE REPUBLICAN PARTY ETF
Ticker: HREP
Listed on NYSE Arca, Inc.
Each a series of ETF Opportunities Trust
(each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”)
8730 Stony Point Parkway, Suite 205
Richmond, Virginia 23235
888-711-8292
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Dated ______________, 2026
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the current prospectus for the Funds dated _________, 2026 as it may be supplemented or revised from time to time. This SAI is incorporated by reference into the Funds’ prospectus. You can obtain a free copy of the annual and semi-annual reports, prospectus and SAI by writing to the Hedgeye Funds, 8730 Stony Point Parkway, Suite 205, Richmond, Virginia 23235, by calling the Funds toll free at 888-711-8292 or by e-mail at: mail@ccofva.com. The Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports, prospectus and SAI are all available for viewing/downloading at www.hedgeyeam.com. General inquiries regarding the Funds may also be directed to the above address or telephone number.
Investment Adviser:
Hedgeye Asset Management, LLC
1 High Ridge Park, 3rd Floor
Stamford, Connecticut 06905
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE TRUST
General. This SAI relates to the Hedgeye Democratic Party ETF and Hedgeye Republican Party ETF (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) and should be read in conjunction with the prospectus of the Funds. This SAI is incorporated by reference into the Funds’ prospectus. No investment in shares should be made without reading the prospectus. Each Fund is a non-diversified series of ETF Opportunities Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”). The Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company. The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the “Board” or “Trustees”). The investment adviser to the Funds is Hedgeye Asset Management, LLC (the “Adviser”) and the investment sub-advisor to the Funds is Tidal Investments, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser”).
Each Fund may issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”). All Shares have equal rights and privileges. Each Share is entitled to one vote on all matters as to which Shares are entitled to vote. In addition, each Share is entitled to participate equally with other Shares (i) in dividends and distributions declared by the Funds and (ii) on liquidation to its proportionate share of the assets remaining after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities. Shares are fully paid, non-assessable and fully transferable when issued and have no pre-emptive, conversion or exchange rights. Fractional Shares have proportionately the same rights, including voting rights, as are provided for a full Share.
Each Fund issues and redeems Shares at net asset value (“NAV”) in aggregations of at least XX,XXX Shares (each a “Creation Unit”). The Funds issue and redeem Creation Units principally for cash. The Funds reserve the right to offer creations and redemptions of Shares in exchange for a basket of securities (the “Deposit Securities”), together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (the “Cash Component”), plus a transaction fee. Each Fund is listed on a national securities exchange (the “Exchange”) as set forth below.
Fund | Ticker Symbol | Principal U.S. Listing Exchange | ||||||
| Hedgeye Democractic Party ETF | HDEM | NYSE Arca, Inc. | ||||||
| Hedgeye Republican Party ETF | HREP | NYSE Arca, Inc. | ||||||
Shares trade on the secondary market at market prices that may be below, at, or above NAV. In the event of the liquidation of either Fund, a share split, reverse split or the like, the Trust may revise the number of Shares in a Creation Unit.
Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities subject to various conditions as described herein - see the section titled “Placement of Creation Orders Outside the Clearing Process” of this SAI. In each instance of such cash creations or redemptions, transaction fees may be imposed and may be higher than the transaction fees associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. See “Additional Information About Purchase and Redemptions” below.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
Each Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies are described in the prospectus. Each Fund is “non-diversified” as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). As a non-diversified fund, each Fund is permitted to invest in fewer securities at any one time than a diversified fund. The following information supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the prospectus. For a description of certain permitted investments discussed below, see “Investment Strategies, Policies and Risks” in this SAI.
Portfolio Turnover. Average annual portfolio turnover rate is the ratio of the lesser of sales or purchases to the monthly average value of the portfolio securities owned during the year, excluding from both the numerator and the denominator all securities with maturities at the time of acquisition of one year or less. A higher portfolio turnover rate involves greater transaction expenses to the Fund and may result in the realization of net capital gains, which would be taxable to shareholders when distributed. As of the date of this SAI the Funds have not yet commenced operations and do not have a portfolio turnover rate to disclose.
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INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND RISKS
The following discussion of investment techniques and instruments supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the investment information in the Funds’ prospectus. In seeking to meet its investment objective, the Funds may invest in event contracts, derivative instruments, cash and cash equivalents and other investments consistent with their investment objective and investment program. To the extent particular investment techniques or instruments that are not described in the Principal Investment Strategies disclosure of the Funds’ prospectus, such investment techniques and instruments are not a part of the principal strategies and the corresponding risks are not principal risks of the Funds.
Principal Investment Strategies, Policies And Risks
General Investment Risks. All investments in securities and other financial instruments involve a risk of financial loss. No assurance can be given that the Funds’ investment program will be successful. Investors should carefully review the descriptions of the Funds’ investments and their risks described in the Prospectus and this SAI.
Borrowing. Although the Funds do not intend to borrow money, a Fund may do so to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund may borrow up to one-third (1/3) of its total assets. The Funds will borrow money only for short-term or emergency purposes. Such borrowing is not for investment purposes and will be repaid by the Funds promptly. Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on NAV of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio. Borrowing may also increase a Fund's leverage and could require the Fund to liquidate investments at disadvantageous times to satisfy repayment obligations. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased. The Funds also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
Event Contracts. The Funds may obtain investment exposure through exchange-listed event contracts. An event contract is a derivative instrument whose value is based on the occurrence or non-occurrence of a specified event. Event contracts generally provide for the payment of a fixed amount if the specified event occurs (or does not occur), and no payment or a reduced payment if the specified event does not occur (or does occur), in each case in accordance with the applicable contract specifications. The value of an event contract generally reflects market participants' assessment of the probability that the specified event will occur and may fluctuate significantly prior to settlement. Event contracts may settle in cash and do not provide ownership of any security or other underlying asset.
Event contracts are traded on designated contract markets and are subject to the rules of the applicable exchange and clearing organization. Contract terms, including the event referenced, settlement methodology, expiration date, position limits and other trading parameters, are established by the applicable exchange. The Funds will invest only in event contracts that are legally available for investment by registered investment companies or through each Fund's wholly owned Cayman subsidiary.
The market for event contracts is relatively new and continues to evolve. Trading activity, liquidity and the number of available contracts may vary significantly over time. There can be no assurance that contracts providing exposure to a desired event or election cycle will be available when needed or that sufficient liquidity will exist to establish, maintain, modify or close positions at favorable prices. Event contracts may also be subject to exchange-imposed position limits, accountability levels, trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions that could limit the Fund's ability to implement its investment strategy.
The Adviser expects to actively monitor available contracts and may purchase, sell, close, replace or roll event contract positions as contracts approach expiration, as new election cycles become available, or as market conditions warrant. The Funds may realize gains or losses in connection with these transactions.
The settlement value of an event contract is determined in accordance with the contract specifications established by the applicable exchange. Settlement may depend upon official election results, certifications by governmental authorities or other objective criteria specified by the exchange. Delays resulting from recounts, litigation,
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certification disputes or other election-related events may postpone settlement or affect the timing of payments under an event contract.
Political Election Event Contracts. The Funds' principal investments consist of event contracts and other financial instruments that provide exposure to the expected electoral performance of the political party identified in the Fund's name in elections for the U.S. House of Representatives, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. Presidency. These contracts are designed to reflect market expectations regarding the outcome of specified federal elections rather than the performance of any particular company, industry, sector or financial index.
The Adviser expects to allocate the Funds' assets among event contracts referencing individual congressional elections, control of the U.S. House of Representatives, control of the U.S. Senate, the outcome of the U.S. presidential election and other related political events that the Adviser believes provide appropriate exposure to the applicable political party's electoral performance. The composition of each Fund's portfolio may change over time as contracts expire, new election cycles become available, market liquidity changes or the Adviser adjusts the Funds' exposures in accordance with its investment process.
Election-related event contracts typically have finite maturities and settle following the occurrence of the applicable election event. To maintain continuous exposure to the applicable political party's electoral performance, the Adviser expects to replace expiring contracts with contracts referencing future election cycles as such contracts become available. The timing of these transactions, the availability of suitable contracts and prevailing market prices may affect each Fund's investment results.
The value of political election event contracts may fluctuate significantly in response to changes in polling data, fundraising activity, candidate announcements, debates, legislative developments, judicial decisions, geopolitical events, macroeconomic conditions, media reports, political sentiment and other information that influences market expectations regarding election outcomes. Prices may change rapidly, and substantial volatility may occur even in the absence of changes in the ultimate election outcome.
The Funds' investments are not intended to provide exposure to any particular economic sector or industry. Rather, the Funds' performance is expected to be driven primarily by changes in market expectations regarding the applicable political party's electoral outcomes and the pricing of the event contracts and related derivatives in which each Fund invests.
Election Cycle Rolling. The event contracts and other derivative instruments in which the Fund invests generally have finite maturities and settle upon the occurrence of the applicable election event or other specified political event. Because the Fund seeks to maintain continuous exposure to the electoral performance of the political party identified in the Fund's name, the Adviser expects to replace expiring positions with positions referencing subsequent election cycles or other qualifying political events as such contracts become available.
The timing of the Fund's rolling activities will depend on a variety of factors, including the availability of suitable event contracts or derivative instruments, prevailing market conditions, liquidity, pricing, transaction costs, exchange position limits and the Adviser's assessment of the most efficient means of maintaining the Fund's desired investment exposure. There can be no assurance that contracts providing comparable exposure will be available when needed or that replacement positions can be established on favorable terms.
The process of rolling positions may cause the Fund to realize gains or losses and may result in transaction costs that reduce the Fund's returns. Differences in pricing between expiring contracts and replacement contracts, changes in market expectations regarding future election outcomes, reduced liquidity, or disruptions in the markets for event contracts or related derivative instruments may adversely affect the Fund's ability to maintain its desired investment exposure. As a result, the performance of the Fund may differ from the performance that would have been achieved had the Fund been able to maintain uninterrupted exposure through a single contract or series of contracts.
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Total Return Swaps. The Funds expect to obtain a substantial portion of its investment exposure through total return swap agreements. A total return swap is a privately negotiated derivative contract under which one party agrees to make payments based on the total return of a specified reference asset or reference instrument in exchange for periodic financing payments or other agreed-upon amounts. The Funds expect to utilize total return swaps referencing event contracts and other instruments that provide exposure to the political party identified in the Funds' name election outcomes.
The use of total return swaps enables the Funds to obtain investment exposure without directly entering into event contracts in all circumstances. Swaps also may provide greater flexibility, facilitate portfolio management, improve execution or permit the Funds to obtain exposure where direct investment in event contracts is unavailable, impracticable or less efficient.
Swap agreements generally are entered into with major financial institutions that satisfy the Adviser's counterparty standards. The Funds will generally be required to post collateral, consisting primarily of cash and cash equivalents, and may receive collateral from its counterparties in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements and the terms of the relevant swap documentation. Swap positions are typically valued daily, and variation margin generally will be exchanged to reflect changes in the market value of the transaction.
The value of a total return swap generally will fluctuate with changes in the value of the referenced event contracts or other reference instruments. Each Fund's obligations under a swap agreement generally will terminate upon expiration of the agreement, although swap agreements may be terminated earlier by mutual agreement of the parties or upon the occurrence of specified termination events. Upon termination, the parties generally will exchange a final payment reflecting the net gain or loss on the transaction.
Each Fund's use of total return swaps is subject to applicable provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Commodity Exchange Act, applicable Commodity Futures Trading Commission regulations, SEC Rule 18f-4 and other applicable laws and regulations. The Adviser expects to monitor the Funds' swap exposures on an ongoing basis and to manage such exposures in accordance with each Fund's investment objective, applicable regulatory requirements and the Funds' derivatives risk management program.
Cash and Cash Equivalents . The Funds may invest all or a portion of its assets in cash and cash equivalents, including, but not limited to, short-term money market instruments, U.S. government securities, certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities and corporate debt obligations maturing in one year or less. The Funds may hold significant amounts of cash and cash equivalents to satisfy margin requirements, collateralize its investments in event contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments, meet variation margin obligations, satisfy collateral, margin and liquidity requirements and otherwise support each Fund's investment strategy.
U.S. Government Securities. The Funds may invest in U.S. government securities as cash management investments and to satisfy collateral and margin requirements associated with its investments in event contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments. U.S. government securities are subject to interest rate risk but generally do not involve the credit risks associated with investments in other types of debt securities. As a result, the yields available from U.S. government securities are generally lower than the yields available from other debt securities. U.S. government securities are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and the payment of principal when held to maturity. While securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. federal government agencies (such as Ginnie Mae) are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, securities issued by government-sponsored entities (such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) are solely the obligation of the issuer and generally do not carry any guarantee from the U.S. government. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government will provide financial support to its government-sponsored entities or any other agency if it is not obligated by law to do so.
Money Market Instruments. The Funds may invest all or a portion of its assets in money market instruments and money market mutual funds. Money market instruments are high-quality, short-term fixed-income obligations, generally having remaining maturities of one year or less, and may include U.S. government securities, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and repurchase agreements. The Funds may invest in these instruments as collateral for its investments in event contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments, to satisfy margin
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requirements, to maintain liquidity for portfolio management purposes, or pending investment in accordance with each Fund's investment strategy. Investments in money market mutual funds are subject to the limitations of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and applicable exemptive rules.
Illiquid Investments. In accordance with Rule 22e-4 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Liquidity Rule"), the Funds may not acquire any investment if, immediately after the acquisition, the Funds would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. For this purpose, an "illiquid investment" is any investment that the Funds reasonably expect cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. The Funds may, however, continue to hold an investment that becomes illiquid after its acquisition.
The Funds invest principally in event contracts, total return swaps and other derivative instruments. Although many of these investments are expected to trade in active markets or be capable of daily valuation, they may become less liquid or illiquid due to market conditions, limited trading activity, exchange-imposed position limits, trading halts, market disruptions, the availability of counterparties, regulatory developments or other factors. During periods of reduced liquidity, the Funds may be unable to establish, maintain, modify, roll or close positions at desired prices or times.
Pursuant to the Liquidity Rule, the Funds will classify each portfolio investment into one of four liquidity categories—highly liquid, moderately liquid, less liquid or illiquid—based on information obtained after reasonable inquiry and taking into account relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations. In making these determinations, the Funds will consider the liquidity characteristics of each investment, including, as applicable, the trading characteristics of event contracts, the availability of swap counterparties and market participants, the terms of derivative agreements and prevailing market conditions. The Funds may utilize one or more third-party service providers in connection with these classifications.
Each Fund has adopted a liquidity risk management program designed to assess and manage the Funds' liquidity risk in accordance with the Liquidity Rule. The program has been approved by the Board of Trustees, which has appointed a liquidity program administrator responsible for administering the program, overseeing the classification of portfolio investments, monitoring the Funds' compliance with the 15% limit on illiquid investments and reporting periodically to the Board regarding the operation and effectiveness of the program.
Derivatives Risk. The Funds expect to utilize derivatives, including total return swaps and event contracts, as principal investment instruments rather than solely for hedging purposes. Accordingly, derivatives are expected to represent a significant portion of the Funds' investment exposure. Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act permits a Fund to enter into Derivatives Transactions (as defined below) and certain other transactions notwithstanding the restrictions on the issuance of “senior securities” under Section 18 of the Investment Company Act. Section 18 of the Investment Company Act, among other things, prohibits open-end funds, including the Funds, from issuing or selling any “senior security,” other than borrowing from a bank (subject to a requirement to maintain 300% “asset coverage”).
Under Rule 18f-4, “Derivatives Transactions” include the following: (1) any swap, security-based swap (including a contract for differences), futures contract, forward contract, option (excluding purchased options), any combination of the foregoing, or any similar instrument, under which a Fund is or may be required to make any payment or delivery of cash or other assets during the life of the instrument or at maturity or early termination, whether as margin or settlement payment or otherwise; (2) any short sale borrowing; (3) reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions (e.g., recourse and nonrecourse tender option bonds, and borrowed bonds), if a Fund elects to treat these transactions as Derivatives Transactions under Rule 18f-4; and (4) when-issued or forward-settling securities (e.g., firm and standby commitments, including to-be announced (“TBA”) commitments, and dollar rolls) and non-standard settlement cycle securities, unless the Funds intend to physically settle the transaction and the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the “Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision”).
Unless a Fund is relying on the Limited Derivatives User Exception (as defined below), the Funds must comply with Rule 18f-4 with respect to its Derivatives Transactions. Rule 18f-4, among other things, requires a Fund to adopt and implement a comprehensive written derivatives risk management program (“DRMP”) and comply with a relative or
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absolute limit on Fund leverage risk calculated based on value-at-risk (“VaR”). The DRMP is administered by a “derivatives risk manager,” who is appointed by the Board, including a majority of Independent Directors/Trustees, and periodically reviews the DRMP and reports to the Board.
Rule 18f-4 provides an exception from the DRMP, VaR limit and certain other requirements if a Fund’s “derivatives exposure” (as defined in Rule 18f-4) is limited to 10% of its net assets (as calculated in accordance with Rule 18f-4) and the Fund adopts and implements written policies and procedures reasonably designed to manage its derivatives risks (the “Limited Derivatives User Exception”).
Cayman Subsidiary. Each Fund may obtain a portion of its investment exposure through a wholly owned and controlled Cayman Islands subsidiary (the "Subsidiary"). The applicable Subsidiary has the same investment objective as its corresponding Fund and generally follows the same investment strategies and investment restrictions as the Fund, except that, unlike the Fund, the Subsidiary may invest without limitation in event contracts, total return swaps and other derivative instruments that provide exposure to the electoral performance of the political party identified in the applicable Fund's name.
Each Fund's investment in its Subsidiary is intended to provide the Fund with exposure to event contracts and related derivative instruments while enabling the Fund to satisfy the source-of-income requirements applicable to regulated investment companies under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). A Fund's investment in its Subsidiary will not exceed 25% of the value of the Fund's total assets as of the close of each fiscal quarter.
Except as otherwise noted, references in this Statement of Additional Information to a Fund's investment strategies, policies and risks include the investment strategies, policies and risks of the applicable Subsidiary. For purposes of determining compliance with the Fund's fundamental investment restrictions under Section 8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), and the leverage-related requirements of Section 18 of the 1940 Act and Rule 18f-4 thereunder, each Fund will aggregate its investments with those of its Subsidiary, as applicable.
Each Subsidiary's investment advisory agreement will be administered in a manner consistent with Section 15 of the 1940 Act, and each Subsidiary will comply with the applicable provisions of Section 17 of the 1940 Act governing affiliated transactions. Although the Subsidiaries are not registered as investment companies under the 1940 Act, each Subsidiary is wholly owned and controlled by its corresponding Fund and is managed by the Adviser. Accordingly, the principal investment strategies and principal risks of each Subsidiary are considered to be principal investment strategies and principal risks of the corresponding Fund, and the disclosure in this Statement of Additional Information is intended to reflect the combined operations of each Fund and its applicable Subsidiary.
ETF Structure Risks. The Funds are structured as an ETF and as a result is subject to special risks, including:
Trading Issues. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable, such as extraordinary market volatility. There can be no assurance that Shares will continue to meet the listing requirements of the Exchange or will trade with any volume. There is no guarantee that an active secondary market will develop for Shares of the Funds. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares of the Funds may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Funds' underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares of the Funds.
Market Price Variance Risk. The market prices of Shares will fluctuate in response to changes in NAV and supply and demand for Shares and will include a “bid-ask spread” charged by the exchange specialists, market makers or other participants that trade the particular security. There may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. This means that Shares may trade at a discount to NAV.
Authorized Participants (“APs”), Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Risk. The Funds have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares of the Funds may
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trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Costs of Buying or Selling Shares of the Funds. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares of the Funds, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares of the Funds may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares of the Funds may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
Other Investment Risks
Overview. An investment in the Funds should be made with an understanding of the risks associated with each Fund's investments in event contracts, swaps and other derivative instruments, as well as the risks associated with the markets and counterparties on which those investments depend. The value of each Fund's investments may fluctuate significantly, and investors may lose all or a substantial portion of their investment.
Borrowing and Leverage Risk. Each Fund may borrow money for cash management purposes. Consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Fund must maintain continuous asset coverage (total assets, including assets acquired with borrowed funds, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of all amounts borrowed. If at any time the value of the Fund’s assets should fail to meet this 300% coverage test, the Fund, within three days (not including Sundays and holidays), will reduce the amount of the Fund’s borrowings to the extent necessary to meet this 300% coverage requirement. Maintenance of this percentage limitation may result in the sale of portfolio securities at a time when investment considerations would not favor such sale.
Cybersecurity Risk. Investment companies, such as the Funds, and its service providers may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cybersecurity breaches. Cyber-attacks affecting a Fund or the Adviser or Sub-Adviser, the Fund’s custodian or transfer agent, or intermediaries or other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact a Fund’s ability to calculate its net asset value, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential company information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses, and cause reputational damage. Each Fund may also incur additional costs for cybersecurity risk management purposes. While a Fund and its service providers have established business continuity plans and risk management systems designed to prevent or reduce the impact of cybersecurity attacks, such plans and systems have inherent limitations due in part to the ever-changing nature of technology and cybersecurity attack tactics, and there is a possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. Furthermore, a Fund cannot control any cybersecurity plans or systems implemented by their service providers.
Illiquid Securities Risk. Illiquid securities may be difficult to dispose of at the price at which a Fund has valued the securities and at the times when a Fund believes it is desirable to do so. The market price of illiquid securities generally is more volatile than that of more liquid securities, which may adversely affect the price that a Fund recovers upon the sale of such securities. Illiquid securities are also more difficult to value, especially in challenging markets. Investment of a Fund’s assets in illiquid securities may restrict the Fund’s ability to take advantage of market opportunities. The risks associated with illiquid securities may be particularly acute in situations in which a Fund’s operations require cash and could result in a Fund incurring losses on the sale of illiquid or restricted securities.
Market Conditions. Events in certain sectors historically have resulted, and may in the future result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestic and foreign. These events have included, but are not limited to: bankruptcies, corporate restructurings, and other events related to the sub-prime mortgage crisis in 2008; governmental efforts to limit short selling and high frequency trading; measures to address U.S. federal and state budget deficits; social, political, and economic instability in Europe; economic stimulus by the Japanese central bank; steep declines in oil prices; dramatic changes in currency exchange rates; China's economic slowdown; Russia’s invasion
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of Ukraine; and circumstances such as pandemics or epidemics in one or more countries or regions. Interconnected global economies and financial markets increase the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. Such events may cause significant declines in the values and liquidity of many securities and other instruments. It is impossible to predict whether such conditions will recur. Because such situations may be widespread, it may be difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of such events.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
Fundamental. The investment limitations described below have been adopted by the Trust with respect to the Funds and are fundamental (“Fundamental”), i.e., they may not be changed without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of a Fund. As used in the Prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information, the term “majority” of the outstanding shares of the Funds means the lesser of: (1) 67% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a Fund are present or represented at such meeting; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a Fund. Other investment practices which may be changed by the Board without the approval of shareholders to the extent permitted by applicable law, regulation or regulatory policy are considered non-fundamental (“Non-Fundamental”).
The Funds:
1. May not borrow money except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction.
2. May not issue any senior securities to others, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction.
3. May not underwrite securities issued by others except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws, in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities.
4. May not invest more than 25% of the value of its net assets in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry or group of industries. For purposes of this restriction, the Fund will not consider event contracts or derivative instruments referencing U.S. federal election outcomes to represent any particular industry or group of industries. The limitation against industry concentration does not apply to investments in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, or to shares of investment companies; however, the Fund will not invest more than 25% of its net assets in any investment company that so concentrates. In complying with this restriction, the Fund will not consider a bank-issued guaranty or financial guaranty insurance as a separate security.
5. May not purchase or sell real estate except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction.
6. May not make loans to others, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction.
7. May invest in commodities only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or other regulatory agency with authority over the Funds.
Except with respect to borrowing and circumstances where a Fund is required to “cover” its positions, if a percentage or rating restriction on an investment or use of assets set forth herein or in the Prospectus is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in such percentages or restrictions resulting from any cause other than actions by the Funds will not be considered a violation. Currently, subject to modification to conform to the 1940 Act as
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interpreted or modified, the Funds are permitted, consistent with the 1940 Act, to borrow, and pledge its shares to secure such borrowing, provided, that immediately thereafter there is asset coverage of at least 300% for all borrowings by a Fund from a bank. If borrowings exceed this 300% asset coverage requirement by reason of a decline in net assets of a Fund, the Fund will reduce its borrowings within three days (not including Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 300% asset coverage requirement. The 1940 Act also permits a Fund to borrow for temporary purposes only in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the time when the loan is made. A loan shall be presumed to be for temporary purposes if it is repaid within 60 days and is not extended or renewed. To the extent outstanding borrowings of a Fund exceed 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund, the Fund will not make additional purchases of securities – the foregoing shall not be construed to prevent a Fund from settling portfolio transactions or satisfying shareholder redemptions orders.
Currently, with respect to senior securities, the 1940 Act and regulatory interpretations of relevant provisions of the 1940 Act establish the following general limits, subject to modification to conform to the 1940 Act as interpreted or modified: Open-end registered investment companies such as the Funds is not permitted to issue any class of senior security or to sell any senior security of which they are the issuers. The Trust is, however, permitted to issue separate series of shares and to divide those series into separate classes. Each Fund currently offers one class of shares. The Funds have no intention of issuing senior securities, except that the Trust has issued its shares in separate series and may divide those series into classes of shares. Collateral arrangements with respect to forward contracts, futures contracts or options, including deposits of initial and variation margin, are not considered to be the issuance of a senior security for purposes of this restriction.
With respect to the Funds’ Fundamental Policy #4 as described above, the Funds will consider, to the extent practicable and consistent with applicable rules, regulations of the SEC and applicable guidance from the staff of the SEC, investments of its underlying investment companies when determining its compliance with the policy.
Notwithstanding any of the foregoing limitations, any investment company, whether organized as a trust, association or corporation, or a personal holding company, may be merged or consolidated with or acquired by the Trust, provided that if such merger, consolidation or acquisition results in an investment in the securities of any issuer prohibited by said paragraphs, the Trust shall, within ninety days after the consummation of such merger, consolidation or acquisition, dispose of all of the securities of such issuer so acquired or such portion thereof as shall bring the total investment therein within the limitations imposed by said paragraphs above as of the date of consummation.
MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
Investment Adviser.
Hedgeye Asset Management, LLC (the “Adviser”), subject to the authority of the Board, is responsible for the overall management and administration of the Funds’ business affairs. The Adviser supervises the Funds’ investments pursuant to an investment advisory agreement with the Trust with respect to the Funds. The Adviser commenced business operations in 2024 and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as an investment adviser. The Adviser’s principal address is 1 High Ridge Park, 3rd Floor, Stamford, Connecticut 06905. The Adviser is a controlled subsidiary of Hedgeye Risk Management, LLC.
The Adviser currently provides investment advisory services pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”). Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser manages the investment portfolio of the Funds, subject to the policies adopted by the Trust’s Board. In addition, the Adviser: (i) furnishes office space and all necessary office facilities, equipment and executive personnel necessary for managing the assets of the Fund; and (ii) provides guidance and policy direction in connection with its daily management of the Funds’ assets, subject to the authority of the Trust’s Board. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser assumes and pays, at its own expense and without reimbursement from the Trust, all ordinary expenses of the Funds, except the fee paid to the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, distribution fees or expenses under a Rule 12b-1 plan (if any), interest expenses, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage commissions and any other portfolio transaction related expenses and fees arising out of transactions effected on behalf of the Funds, credit facility fees and expenses, including interest expenses, and litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Funds’ business.
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For its services with respect to the Funds, the Adviser is entitled to receive an annual management fee [ ]%, calculated daily and payable monthly as a percentage of each Fund’s average daily net assets.
The Advisory Agreement was approved by the Trustees (including a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act (the “Independent Trustees”)) in compliance with the 1940 Act. The Advisory Agreement continues in force for an initial period of up to two years from its effective date. Thereafter, the Advisory Agreement is renewable from year to year with respect to the Funds, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of the Independent Trustees; and (2) by the majority vote of either the full Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of each Fund. The Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable at any time without penalty by the Board or by a majority of each Fund’s outstanding shares on not less than 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser, or by the Adviser on 90 days’ written notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser shall not be protected against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard of its obligations or duties thereunder.
The Adviser may make payments to banks or other financial institutions that provide shareholder services and administer shareholder accounts. If a bank or other financial institution were prohibited from continuing to perform all or a part of such services, management of the Funds believe that there would be no material impact on the Funds or their shareholders. Financial institutions may charge their customers fees for offering these services to the extent permitted by applicable regulatory authorities, and the overall return to those shareholders availing themselves of the financial institution’s services will be lower than to those shareholders who do not. The Funds may purchase securities issued by financial institutions that provide such services; however, in selecting investments for the Funds, no preference will be shown for such securities.
The Sub-Adviser.
The Adviser has retained Tidal Investments, LLC (the “Trading Sub-Adviser”) to serve as the trading sub-adviser for the Funds. The Trading Sub-Adviser has its principal office at 898 N. Broadway, Suite 2, Massapequa, New York 11758. The Trading Sub-Adviser was established in 2012 and provides investment advisory, investment research, and portfolio construction services to ETF clients. No outside companies or individuals currently own more than 25% of the Trading Sub-Adviser’s voting rights. Over 50% of the Sub-Adviser’s voting rights are with employee-members.
Pursuant to an Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and the Trading Sub-Adviser (the “Sub-Advisory Agreement”), the Trading Sub-Adviser is responsible for trading portfolio securities for the Funds, including selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions, subject to the supervision of the Adviser and the Board. For its services, the Sub-Advisor is paid a fee by the Advisor, which fee is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on the average daily net assets of each Fund of [ ]% of the first $250 million and [ ]% in excess of $250 million, subject to a minimum of $[ ] per year for each Fund.
The Sub-Advisory Agreement was approved by the Trustees (including all the Independent Trustees) in compliance with the 1940 Act. The Sub-Advisory Agreement continues in force for an initial period of up to two years from its effective date. Thereafter, the Sub-Advisory Agreement is renewable from year to year, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of Independent Trustees; and (2) by the majority vote of either the full Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares of the Fund. The Sub-Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, and is terminable at any time without penalty by the Board or by a majority of the Fund’s outstanding Shares or by the Adviser on not less than 60 days’ written notice to the Sub-Adviser, or by the Sub-Adviser on 90 days’ written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. The Sub-Advisory Agreement provides that the Sub-Adviser shall not be protected against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard of its obligations or duties thereunder.
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Portfolio Managers. As described in the prospectus, ____________ serves as the Funds’ Portfolio Manager and is responsible for the day-to-day investment management of the Funds. In addition to the Funds, the Portfolio Manager is responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as listed below. The information below is provided as of ____, 2026:
| Portfolio Manager | Other Registered Investment Company Accounts | Assets Managed ($ billions) | Other Pooled Investment Vehicle Accounts | Assets Managed ($ millions) | Other Accounts | Assets Managed ($ millions) | Total Assets Managed ($ billions) | ||||||||||||||||
Conflicts of Interests. Each Portfolio Manager’s management of “other accounts” may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with his management of the Fund’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts may have the same investment objective as the Funds. Therefore, a potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the identical investment objectives, whereby the Portfolio Managers could favor one account over another. Another potential conflict could include each Portfolio Manager’s knowledge about the size, timing and possible market impact of Fund trades, whereby the Portfolio Managers could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of the Funds. However, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser have established policies and procedures to ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all accounts it manages are fairly and equitably allocated.
Compensation. The Portfolio Managers do not receive any special or additional compensation from the Adviser for their services as Portfolio Managers. Each Portfolio Manager’s compensation is based solely on the overall financial operating results of the Adviser. The portfolio managers’ compensation is not directly linked to the Funds’ performance, although positive performance and growth in managed assets are factors that may contribute to the Adviser’s distributable profits and assets under management.
Administrator. Pursuant to a Fund Services Agreement, Commonwealth Fund Services, Inc., 8730 Stony Point Parkway, Suite 205, Richmond, Virginia 23235 (the “Administrator”) serves as the Funds’ administrator. In its capacity as administrator, the Administrator supervises all aspects of the operations of the Funds except those performed by the Adviser. The Administrator provides certain administrative services and facilities to the Funds, including, among other responsibilities, assisting in the preparation and filing of documents required for compliance by the Funds with applicable laws and regulations and arranging for the maintenance of books and records of the Funds. The Administrator receives an asset-based fee computed daily and paid monthly on the average daily net assets of the Funds, subject to a minimum fee plus out-of-pocket expenses.
Fund Accountant and Other Services. Pursuant to a Services Agreement with U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, LLC (“US Bank”), located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, US Bank provides certain financial administration services (other than those provided by the Administrator), and fund accounting services to the Funds. As financial administrator, US Bank performs services including but not limited to: (1) calculating Fund expenses; (2) calculating the Fund performance data; and (3) providing certain compliance support services. As fund accountant, US Bank maintains certain financial records of the Trust and provides accounting services to the Fund that include the daily calculation of each Fund’s NAV. US Bank also performs certain other services on behalf of the Trust including providing financial information for the Trust’s federal and state tax returns and financial reports required to be filed with the SEC.
For the financial administration and fund accounting services provided to the Trust, the Trust has agreed to pay to US Bank an annual asset based fee as a percentage of the aggregate net assets of each Fund, subject to certain breakpoints and minimum fee requirements. US Bank is also entitled to fees for services that it renders with respect to the filing of Form N-PORT, its services related to liquidity risk management and out-of-pocket expenses.
Custodian and Transfer Agent. Pursuant to a Custodial and Agency Services Agreement with the Trust, US Bank (“Custodian”), located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as transfer agent and custodian
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for the Funds and safeguards and holds the Funds’ cash and securities, settles the Funds’ securities transactions and collects income on the Funds’ investments. Under the agreement, the Custodian also: (1) provides data required by the Adviser to determine each Fund’s Creation Basket and estimated All Cash Amount for each Business Day); (2) monitors the settlement of securities comprising the Creation Basket and any cash in connection with the purchase and redemption of Creation Units and requests the issuance of related Creation Units; (3) deposits securities comprising the Creation Basket and/or cash received from Authorized Participants in connection with purchases of Creation Units into the Funds’ custody and cash accounts; (4) disburses securities comprising the Creation Basket and/or cash from each Fund’s custody and cash accounts to Authorized Participants in connection with the redemptions of Creation Units; and (5) performs certain other related services, (See “Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units,” below). As transfer agent, the Custodian issues shares of each Fund in Creation Units to fill purchase orders for the Fund’s shares, maintains records of the issuance and redemption of each Fund’s shares, and acts as each Fund’s dividend disbursing agent.
Distributor and Principal Underwriter. Foreside Fund Services, LLC, (the “Distributor”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC (doing business as ACA Group), is the Funds’ distributor, and is located at 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
Shares will be continuously offered for sale by the Trust through the Distributor only in whole Creation Units, as described in the section of this SAI entitled “Additional Information About Purchases and Sales.” The Distributor also acts as an agent for the Trust. The Distributor will deliver a prospectus to persons purchasing Shares in Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it. The Distributor has no role in determining the investment policies of the Funds or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Funds.
Distribution Plan
The Trust has adopted a distribution and shareholder service plan (the “Plan”) with respect to the Funds in accordance with the provisions of Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act, which regulates circumstances under which an investment company may directly or indirectly bear expenses relating to the distribution of its shares. There is no current intention to charge such fees pursuant to the Plan. Continuance of the Plan must be approved annually by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and by a majority of the independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (“Qualified Trustees”). The Plan requires that quarterly written reports of amounts spent under the Plan and the purposes of such expenditures be furnished to and reviewed by the Trustees. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount that may be spent thereunder without approval by a majority of the outstanding shares of each Fund. All material amendments of the Plan will require approval by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and of the Qualified Trustees.
The Plan provides that each Fund may pay the Distributor or certain other parties an annual fee of up to a maximum of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Shares. Under the Plan, the Distributor or a Fund may make payments pursuant to written agreements to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations and insurance companies including, without limit, investment counselors, broker-dealers and the Distributor’s affiliates and subsidiaries (collectively, “Agents”) as compensation for services and reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance. The Plan is characterized as a compensation plan since the distribution fee will be paid to the Distributor or other parties without regard to the distribution expenses incurred by the Distributor or other parties or the amount of payments made to other financial institutions and intermediaries. The Adviser pays the Distributor a fee for certain distribution related services. The Trust intends to operate the Plan in accordance with its terms and with FINRA rules concerning sales charges.
Under the Plan, subject to the supervision of the Trustees of the Trust, the Trust may, directly or indirectly, engage in any activities primarily intended to result in the sale of Shares of a Fund of the class(es) of Shares identified in Section 2(a) of this Plan, which activities may include, but are not limited to, the following:
(a)payments to the Trust’s distributor (the “Distributor”) and to securities dealers and others in respect of the sale of Shares of the Fund;
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(b)payment of compensation to and expenses of personnel (including personnel of organizations with which the Trust has entered into agreements related to this Plan) who engage in or support distribution of Shares of the Fund or who render shareholder support services not otherwise provided by the Trust’s transfer agent, administrator, or custodian, including but not limited to, answering inquiries regarding the Trust, processing shareholder transactions, providing personal services and/or the maintenance of shareholder accounts, providing other shareholder liaison services, responding to shareholder inquiries, providing information on shareholder investments in the Shares of the Fund, and providing such other distribution and shareholder services as the Trust may reasonably request, arranging for bank wires, assisting shareholders in changing dividend options, account designations and addresses, providing information periodically to shareholders showing their positions in the Fund, forwarding communications from the Fund such as proxies, shareholder reports, annual reports, and dividend distribution and tax notices to shareholders, processing purchase, exchange, and redemption requests from shareholders and placing orders with the Fund or its service providers;
(c)formulation and implementation of marketing and promotional activities, including, but not limited to, direct mail promotions and television, radio, newspaper, magazine and other mass media advertising;
(d)preparation, printing and distribution of sales literature;
(e)preparation, printing and distribution of prospectuses and statements of additional information and reports of the Trust for recipients other than existing shareholders of the Trust;
(f)obtaining information and providing explanations to wholesale and retail distributors of contracts regarding Fund investment objectives and policies and other information about the Fund, including the performance of the Fund;
(g)obtaining such information, analyses and reports with respect to marketing and promotional activities as the Trust may, from time to time, deem advisable.
The Trust is authorized to engage in the activities listed above, and in any other activities primarily intended to result in the sale of Shares of a Fund, either directly or through other persons with which the Trust has entered into agreements related to this Plan.
The Adviser and its affiliates may, out of their own resources, pay amounts to third parties for distribution or marketing services on behalf of the Funds. The making of these payments could create a conflict of interest for a financial intermediary receiving such payments.
Legal Counsel. Practus, LLP, 11300 Tomahawk Creek Parkway, Suite 310, Leawood, Kansas 66211, serves as legal counsel to the Trust and the Funds.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. The Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, __________ audits the Funds’ annual financial statements, and assists in the preparation of certain reports to the SEC. __________, an affiliate of __________, prepares the Trust’s tax returns. __________ is located at [ADDRESS].
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST
Trustees and Officers. The Trust is governed by the Board, which is responsible for protecting the interests of shareholders. The trustees are experienced businesspersons who meet throughout the year to oversee the Trust’s activities, review contractual arrangements with companies that provide services to the Funds and review performance. The names, addresses and ages of the trustees and officers of the Trust, together with information as to their principal occupations during the past five years, are listed below.
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Each Trustee was nominated to serve on the Board of Trustees based on their particular experiences, qualifications, attributes and skills. Generally, the Trust believes that each Trustee is competent to serve because of their individual overall merits including: (i) experience; (ii) qualifications; (iii) attributes; and (iv) skills.
Ms. Mary Lou H. Ivey has business experience as a practicing tax accountant from 1996 to 2021 and, as such, brings tax, budgeting and financial reporting skills to the Board. Ms. Ivey retired as the Executive Officer for the Episcopal Church Building Fund effective March 2026, where she applied her financial knowledge and skills. Prior to her position as Executive Officer for the Episcopal Church Building Fund, Ms. Ivey served as Chief Financial Officer for the Episcopal Church Building Fund from 2022 to 2025.
Mr. Theo H. Pitt has experience as an investor, including his role as trustee of several other investment companies and business experience as Senior Partner of a financial consulting company, as a partner of a real estate partnership and as an Account Administrator for a money management firm.
Dr. David J. Urban is Dean Emeritus and Professor of Marketing at the Jones College of Business, Middle Tennessee State University. He earned a Ph.D. in Business Administration with a concentration in Marketing from the University of Michigan. Dr. Urban also holds a master’s degree in Psychology from the University of Michigan and an undergraduate degree in Commerce with a concentration in Marketing from the University of Virginia. His extensive career is marked by significant budget responsibility and accountability, with expertise in marketing, strategic planning, organizational leadership, and management contributing to the Board’s long-term goal setting.
The Trust does not believe any one factor is determinative in assessing a Trustee’s qualifications, but that the collective experience of each Trustee makes them each highly qualified.
The Chairman of the Board of Trustees is Ms. Ivey, who is not an “interested person” of the Trust, within the meaning of the 1940 Act. The Trust also has an independent Audit Committee that allows the Board to access the expertise necessary of oversee the Trust, identify risks, recognize shareholder concerns and needs and highlight opportunities. The Audit Committee is able to focus Board time and attention to matters of interest to shareholders and, through its private sessions with the Trust’s auditor, Chief Compliance Officer and legal counsel, stay fully informed regarding management decisions.
ETFs face a number of risks, including investment risk, compliance risk and valuation risk. The Board oversees management of the Fund’s risks directly and through its officers. While day-to-day risk management responsibilities rest with the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, investment advisers and other service providers, the Board monitors and tracks risk by: (1) receiving and reviewing quarterly reports related to the performance and operations of the Fund; (2) reviewing and approving, as applicable, the compliance policies and procedures of the Trust, including the Trust’s valuation policies and transaction procedures; (3) periodically meeting with the portfolio manager to review investment strategies, techniques and related risks; (4) meeting with representatives of key service providers, including the Fund’s investment advisers, administrator, distributor, transfer agent and the independent registered public accounting firm, to discuss the activities of the Fund; (5) engaging the services of the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund to monitor and test the compliance procedures of the Trust and its service providers; (6) receiving and reviewing reports from the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding the Fund’s financial condition and the Trust’s internal controls; and (7) receiving and reviewing an annual written report prepared by the Chief Compliance Officer reviewing the adequacy of the Trust’s compliance policies and procedures and the effectiveness of their implementation. The Board has concluded that its general oversight of the Adviser and other service providers as implemented through the reporting and monitoring process outlined above allows the Board to effectively administer its risk oversight function.
Following is a list of the Trustees and executive officers of the Trust and their principal occupation over the last five years. The mailing address of each Trustee and officer is 8730 Stony Point Parkway, Suite 205, Richmond, Virginia, 23235, unless otherwise indicated.
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NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES
| NAME, YEAR OF BIRTH AND POSITION WITH THE TRUST | TERM OF OFFICE AND LENGTH OF TIME SERVED | PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS | NUMBER OF FUNDS IN FUND COMPLEX OVERSEEN BY TRUSTEE | OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD BY TRUSTEE IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS | ||||||||||
Mary Lou H. Ivey 1958 Trustee | Indefinite, Since December, 2019 | Retired. Chief Executive Officer, Episcopal Church Building Fund (national nonprofit organization) from September 2025 to March 2026, and Chief Financial Officer from January 2022 to August 2025. Accountant, Harris, Hardy & Johnstone, P.C., (accounting firm), 2008 - 2021. | [311] | Independent Trustee of World Funds Trust for the 19 series of that trust; Independent Trustee of Precidian ETFs Trust for the 47 series of that trust; and Independent Trustee of Yorkville America Investment Trust for the 7 series of that trust (each a registered investment company). | ||||||||||
Theo H. Pitt, Jr. 1936 Trustee | Indefinite, Trustee from December 2019 to December 2024, Trustee Emeritus January 2025 to September 2025, and Trustee since September 2025 | Senior Partner, Community Financial Institutions consulting (bank consulting) since 1997. | [311] | Independent Trustee of Chesapeake Investment Trust for the one series of that trust; Independent Trustee for Starboard Investment Trust for the seven series of that trust; Independent Trustee of World Funds Trust for the 19 series of that trust; Independent Trustee of Precidian ETFs Trust for the 47 series of that trust; and Independent Trustee of Yorkville America Investment Trust for the 7 series of that trust (each a registered investment company). | ||||||||||
Dr. David J. Urban 1955 Trustee | Indefinite, Since December, 2019 | Dean Emeritus (since 2023) and Professor of Marketing (since 2013), Jones College of Business, Middle Tennessee State University. | [311] | Independent Trustee of World Funds Trust for the 19 series of that trust; Independent Trustee of Precidian ETFs Trust for the 47 series of that trust; and Independent Trustee of Yorkville America Investment Trust for the 7 series of that trust (each a registered investment company). | ||||||||||
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OFFICERS WHO ARE NOT TRUSTEES
| NAME, AGE AND POSITION(S) WITH THE TRUST | TERM OF OFFICE AND LENGTH OF TIME SERVED | PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS | ||||||
David Bogaert 1963 President | Indefinite, Since December 2019 | Managing Director of Business Development, Commonwealth Fund Services, Inc. (fund administration), October 2013 – present. | ||||||
Thomas A. Carter 1966 Vice President | Indefinite, Since December 2019 | President Ridgeline Research September 2019 through present. | ||||||
Karen M. Shupe 1964 Treasurer and Principal Executive Officer | Indefinite, Since December 2019 | Managing Director of Fund Operations, Commonwealth Fund Services, Inc., 2003 to present. | ||||||
Ann T. MacDonald 1954 Assistant Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer | Indefinite, Since December 2019 | Managing Director, Fund Administration and Fund Accounting, Commonwealth Fund Services, Inc., 2003 to present. | ||||||
John H. Lively 1969 Secretary | Indefinite, Since December 2019 | Attorney, Practus, LLP (law firm), May 2018 to present. | ||||||
Holly B. Giangiulio 1962 Assistant Secretary | Indefinite, Since December 2019 | Managing Director, Corporate Operations, Commonwealth Fund Services, Inc., January 2015 to present. | ||||||
Laura Wright 1972 Assistant Secretary | Indefinite, Since July 2022 | Manager, Fund Administration, Commonwealth Fund Services, Inc., August 2023 to present, Fund Administrator, Commonwealth Fund Services, Inc., 2016 to 2023. | ||||||
J. Stephen King 1962 Assistant Secretary | Indefinite, Since September 2022 | Attorney, Practus, LLP (law firm), 2020 to present. | ||||||
Robert Rhatigan 1982 Assistant Secretary | Indefinite, Since October 2025 | Attorney, Practus, LLP (law firm), 2024 to present. Attorney, Dechert LLP from 2012 to 2024. | ||||||
Soth Chin 1966 Chief Compliance Officer | Indefinite, Since March 2023 | Managing Member of Fit Compliance, LLC (financial services compliance and consulting firm) since October 2016. | ||||||
Julian G. Winters 1968 Assistant Chief Compliance Officer | Indefinite, Since March 2023 | Managing Member of Watermark Solutions, LLC (investment compliance and consulting firm) since March 2007. | ||||||
The Board of Trustees oversees the Trust and certain aspects of the services provided by the Adviser and the Funds’ other service providers. Each Trustee will hold office until their successors have been duly elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation or removal. Each officer of the Trust serves at the pleasure of the Board and for a term of one year or until their successors have been duly elected and qualified.
The Trust has a standing Audit Committee of the Board composed of Ms. Ivey, Mr. Pitt and Dr. Urban. The functions of the Audit Committee are to meet with the Trust’s independent auditors to review the scope and findings of the annual audit, discuss the Trust’s accounting policies, discuss any recommendations of the independent auditors with respect to the Trust’s management practices, review the impact of changes in accounting standards on the Trust’s financial statements, recommend to the Board the selection of independent registered public accounting firm, and perform such other duties as may be assigned to the Audit Committee by the Board. The Audit Committee met 12 times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025.
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is comprised of Ms. Ivey, Mr. Pitt and Dr. Urban. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee’s purposes, duties and powers are set forth in its written charter,
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which is described in Exhibit C – the charter also describes the process by which shareholders of the Trust may make nominations. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met 3 times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025.
The Qualified Legal Compliance Committee is comprised of Ms. Ivey, Mr. Pitt and Dr. Urban. The Qualified Legal Compliance Committee receives, investigates, and makes recommendations as to the appropriate remedial action in connection with any report of evidence of a material violation of the securities laws or breach of fiduciary duty or similar violation by the Trust, its officers, Trustees, or agents. The Qualified Legal Compliance Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025.
Trustee Compensation. Each Trustee who is not an “interested person” of the Trust receives compensation for their services to the Trust. All Trustees are reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings. Effective January 1, 2026, each Trustee receives a retainer fee at the annualized rate of $186,000 and the Independent Chairperson receives an additional annual fee of $7,500, paid quarterly. Annual fees may be adjusted quarterly based on the number of operating funds in the Trust. Additionally, each Trustee may receive a fee of $4,000 per special meeting. Compensation received by each Trustee from the Trust for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025 is as follows:
Name of Person / Position | Aggregate Compensation From each Fund | Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses | Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement | Total Compensation From Fund and Fund Complex Paid To Trustees (*)(1) | ||||||||||
Mary Lou H. Ivey, Trustee | $[ ] | $0 | $0 | $[ ] | ||||||||||
Theo H. Pitt, Jr., Trustee | $[ ] | $0 | $0 | $[ ] | ||||||||||
Dr. David J. Urban, Trustee | $[ ] | $0 | $0 | $[ ] | ||||||||||
* The Trust does not pay deferred compensation.
(1) The “Fund Complex” consists of the Funds and all series of the Trust managed by the Adviser.
Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares. The table below shows for each Trustee, the amount of Fund equity securities beneficially owned by each Trustee, and the aggregate value of all investments in equity securities of the Funds of the Trust, as of December 31, 2025, and stated as one of the following ranges: A = None; B = $1-$10,000; C = $10,001-$50,000; D = $50,001-$100,000; and E = over $100,000.
| Name of Trustee | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Funds | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Registered Investment Companies Overseen by the Trustees in Family of Investment Companies | ||||||
| Non-Interested Trustees | ||||||||
| Mary Lou H. Ivey | A | A | ||||||
| Theo H. Pitt, Jr. | A | A | ||||||
| Dr. David J. Urban | A | A | ||||||
Sales Loads. No front-end or deferred sales charges are applied to purchase of Fund shares by current or former trustees, officers, employees or agents of the Trust, the Adviser or the principal underwriter and by the members of their immediate families. No front-end or deferred sales charges are applied to the purchase of Shares.
Policies Concerning Personal Investment Activities. The Funds and the Adviser have each adopted a Code of Ethics, pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that permit investment personnel, subject to their particular code of ethics, to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds, for their own account.
The Codes of Ethics are on file with, and can be reviewed on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet website at http://www.sec.gov.
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SECURITIES HOLDERS
A principal shareholder is any person who owns (either of record or beneficially) 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Funds. A control person is one who owns, either directly or indirectly, more than 25% of the voting securities of the Funds or acknowledges the existence of such control. As a controlling shareholder, each of these persons could control the outcome of any proposal submitted to the shareholders for approval, including changes to a Fund’s fundamental policies or the terms of the management agreement with the Adviser. Since the economic benefit of investing in an ETF is passed through to the underlying investors of the record owners of 25% or more of the Fund shares, these record owners are not considered the beneficial owners of the Fund’s shares or control persons of the Fund.
The Funds have not yet commenced operations as of the date of this SAI.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
Calculation of Share Price
The NAV of each Fund’s shares is determined by dividing the total value of the Fund’s portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, by the total number of shares outstanding of the Fund. Shares are valued at the close of regular trading on the Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) (the “Exchange Close”) on each day that the Exchange is open. For purposes of calculating the NAV, a Fund normally use pricing data for domestic equity securities received shortly after the Exchange Close and does not normally take into account trading, clearances or settlements that take place after the Exchange Close. Domestic fixed income and foreign securities are normally priced using data reflecting the earlier closing of the principal markets for those securities. Information that becomes known to a Fund or its agents after the NAV has been calculated on a particular day will not generally be used to retroactively adjust the price of the security or the NAV determined earlier that day.
Generally, a Fund’s domestic securities (including underlying ETFs which hold portfolio securities primarily listed on foreign (non-U.S.) exchanges) are valued each day at the last quoted sales price on each security’s primary exchange. Securities traded or dealt in upon one or more securities exchanges for which market quotations are readily available and not subject to restrictions against resale shall be valued at the last quoted sales price on the primary exchange or, in the absence of a sale on the primary exchange, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on such exchange. If market quotations are not readily available, securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined in good faith by the Valuation Designee (as defined below). Securities that are not traded or dealt in any securities exchange (whether domestic or foreign) and for which over-the-counter market quotations are readily available generally shall be valued at the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, at the mean between the current bid and ask price on such over-the- counter market.
Certain securities or investments for which daily market quotes are not readily available may be valued, pursuant to methodologies established by the Board. Debt securities not traded on an exchange may be valued at prices supplied by a pricing agent(s) approved by the Board based on broker or dealer supplied valuations or matrix pricing, a method of valuing securities by reference to the value of other securities with similar characteristics, such as rating, interest rate and maturity. Short-term investments having a maturity of 60 days or less may be generally valued at amortized cost when it approximated fair value.
Exchange traded options are valued at the last quoted sales price or, in the absence of a sale, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on the exchange on which such options are traded. Futures and options on futures are valued at the settlement price determined by the exchange, or, if no settlement price is available, at the last sale price as of the close of business prior to when a Fund calculates NAV. Other securities for which market quotes are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Valuation Designee (as defined below). Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily depending on the type of instrument and reference assets based upon market prices, the mean between bid and asked price quotations from market makers or by a pricing service or Valuation Designee (as defined below)in accordance with the valuation procedures approved by the Board.
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Under certain circumstances, the Funds may use an independent pricing service approved by the Board to calculate the fair market value of foreign equity securities on a daily basis by applying valuation factors to the last sale price or the mean price as noted above. The fair market values supplied by the independent pricing service will generally reflect market trading that occurs after the close of the applicable foreign markets of comparable securities or the value of other instruments that have a strong correlation to the fair-valued securities. The independent pricing service will also take into account the current relevant currency exchange rate. A security that is fair valued may be valued at a price higher or lower than actual market quotations or the value determined by other funds using their own fair valuation procedures. Because foreign securities may trade on days when Shares are not priced, the value of securities held by a Fund can change on days when Shares cannot be redeemed or purchased. In the event that a foreign security’s market quotations are not readily available or are deemed unreliable (for reasons other than because the foreign exchange on which it trades closed before a Fund’s calculation of NAV), the security will be valued at its fair market value as determined in good faith by the Fund’s Valuation Designee (as defined below). Without fair valuation, it is possible that short-term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors. Fair valuation of a Fund’s portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that it will prevent dilution of a Fund’s NAV by short-term traders. In addition, because the Funds may invest in underlying ETFs which hold portfolio securities primarily listed on foreign (non-U.S.) exchanges, and these exchanges may trade on weekends or other days when the underlying ETFs do not price their shares, the value of these portfolio securities may change on days when you may not be able to buy or sell Shares.
Investments initially valued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange rates obtained from pricing services or other parties in accordance with the valuation procedures approved by the Board. As a result, the NAV of the Shares may be affected by changes in the value of currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. The value of securities traded in markets outside the United States or denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that the Exchange is closed and an investor is not able to purchase, redeem or exchange Shares.
Investments for which market quotations are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. As a general principle, the fair value of a security or other asset is the price that would be received upon the sale of the security or asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and time. Pursuant to Rule 2a-5, the Board has designated the Adviser as the valuation designee (“Valuation Designee”) for the Funds to perform fair value determinations relating to all Fund investments. The Adviser may carry out its designated responsibilities as Valuation Designee through a fair valuation committee, and may apply fair valuation methodologies approved by the Board, or utilize prices or inputs from pricing services, quotation reporting systems, valuation agents and other third-party sources that have been approved by the Board.
Fair valuation may require subjective determinations about the value of a security. While the Funds’ and Valuation Designee’s policies and procedures are intended to result in a calculation of each Fund’s NAV that fairly reflects security values as of the time of pricing, the Fund cannot ensure that fair values accurately reflect the price that the Fund could obtain for a security if it were to dispose of that security as of the time of pricing (for instance, in a forced or distressed sale). The prices used by each Fund may differ from the value that would be realized if the securities were sold.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT PURCHASES AND SALES
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS
Creation Units
The Trust issues and sells Shares of the Funds only in Creation Units on a continuous basis on any business day through the Distributor at the Shares’ NAV next determined after receipt of an order in proper form. The Distributor processes purchase orders only on a day that the Exchange is open for trading (a “Business Day”).
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Generally, the Trust will issue and redeem Creation Units at NAV for “in kind” consideration, meaning the initiator of a creation or redemption order will deposit or receive as consideration a portfolio of all or some of the securities held in each Fund’s portfolio, plus a cash amount (an “In Kind Creation” and “In Kind Redemption”). At the discretion of the Adviser, the Funds may elect at any time, and from time to time, that the consideration for the purchase and redemption of Creation Units will be made entirely in a cash amount equal to the NAV of the shares that constitute the Creation Unit(s) (an “All Cash Amount”).
Creation Orders
The consideration for an In Kind Creation generally consists of the Deposit Securities for each Creation Unit constituting a substantial replication, or representation, of the securities included in a Fund’s portfolio as selected by the Adviser (“Fund Securities”) and the Cash Component computed as described below. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which represents the minimum investment amount for a Creation Unit of a Fund. The Cash Component serves to compensate the Trust or the Authorized Participant, as applicable, for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount (as defined below). The Cash Component is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the Fund Shares (per Creation Unit) and the “Deposit Amount,” an amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities. If the Cash Component is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the Deposit Amount), the Authorized Participant will deliver the Cash Component. If the Cash Component is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the Deposit Amount), the Authorized Participant will receive the Cash Component.
In addition, the Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash (that is a “cash in lieu” amount) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security which may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC or the Clearing Process (discussed below) or for other similar reasons. The Trust also reserves the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount where the delivery of Deposit Securities by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under the securities laws or where delivery of Deposit Securities to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of Deposit Securities by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under the securities laws, and in certain other situations.
The Custodian, through the NSCC (see the section of this SAI entitled “Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units—Procedures for Creation of Creation Units”), makes available on each Business Day, prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m. New York time), the list of the name and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security (if any) to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for the Funds. This Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, to orders to effect creations of Creation Units of the Funds until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities is made available, or unless the Adviser elects to receive an All Cash Amount in connection with the creation of Creation Units.
The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities required for a Fund Deposit for the Funds changes as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected within the Funds from time to time by the Adviser, with a view to the investment objective of the Funds. In addition, the Trust reserves the right to permit the substitution of an amount of cash – i.e., a “cash in lieu” amount – to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC or the Clearing Process (discussed below), or which might not be eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant (as defined below) or the investor for which it is acting or other relevant reason. In addition to the list of names and number of securities constituting the current Deposit Securities of a Fund Deposit, the Custodian, through the NSCC, also makes available on each Business Day the estimated Cash Component, effective through and including the previous Business Day, per outstanding Creation Unit of each Fund.
The process for a creation order involving an All Cash Amount will be the same as the process for an In Kind Creation, except that the Cash Component will be the entirety of the amount deposited as consideration for the Creation Unit(s).
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Procedures for Creation of Creation Units
All orders to create Creation Units must be placed with the Transfer Agent either (1) through Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (“Clearing Process”), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC, by a “Participating Party,” i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the Clearing Process; or (2) outside the Clearing Process by a DTC Participant. In each case, the Participating Party or the DTC Participant must have executed an agreement with the Transfer Agent with respect to creations and redemptions of Creation Units (“Participant Agreement”); such parties are collectively referred to as “APs” or “Authorized Participants.” Investors should contact the Distributor for the names of Authorized Participants. All Fund Shares, whether created through or outside the Clearing Process, will be entered on the records of DTC for the account of a DTC Participant.
The Distributor will process orders to purchase Creation Units received by the closing time of the regular trading session on the Exchange (“Closing Time”) (normally 4:00 p.m. New York time), as long as they are in proper form. If an order to purchase Creation Units is received in proper form by Closing Time, then it will be processed that day. Purchase orders received in proper form after Closing Time will be processed on the following Business Day and will be priced at the NAV determined on that day. Custom orders must be received by the Transfer Agent no later than 3:00 p.m. New York time on the trade date. In the case of an In Kind Creation, a custom order may be placed by an Authorized Participant in the event that the Trust permits the substitution of an amount of cash to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security which may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or which may not be eligible for trading by such Authorized Participant or the investor for which it is acting or other relevant reason. The date on which an order to create Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as discussed below) is placed is referred to as the “Transmittal Date.” Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, as described below in the sections entitled “Placement of Creation Orders Using the Clearing Process” and “Placement of Creation Orders Outside the Clearing Process.”
All orders to create Creation Units from investors who are not Authorized Participants shall be placed with an Authorized Participant in the form required by such Authorized Participant. In addition, the Authorized Participant may request the investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order, e.g., to provide for payments of cash, when required. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and, therefore, orders to create Creation Units of the Funds have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement.
Those placing orders for Creation Units through the Clearing Process should afford sufficient time to permit proper submission of the order to the Transfer Agent prior to the Closing Time on the Transmittal Date. Orders for Creation Units that are effected outside the Clearing Process are likely to require transmittal by the DTC Participant earlier on the Transmittal Date than orders effected using the Clearing Process. Those persons placing orders outside the Clearing Process should ascertain the deadlines applicable to DTC and the Federal Reserve Bank wire system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depository institution effectuating such transfer of the Fund Deposit. For more information about Clearing Process and DTC, see the sections below entitled “Placement of Creation Orders Using the Clearing Process” and “Placement of Creation Orders Outside the Clearing Process.”
Placement of Creation Orders Using the Clearing Process
The Clearing Process is the process of creating or redeeming Creation Units through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC. All Fund Deposits and/or Cash Component, as applicable, made through the Clearing Process must be delivered through a Participating Party that has executed a Participant Agreement. The Participant Agreement authorizes the Transfer Agent to transmit through the Custodian to NSCC, on behalf of the Participating Party, such trade instructions as are necessary to effect the Participating Party’s creation order. Pursuant to such trade instructions to NSCC, the Participating Party agrees to deliver the requisite Fund Deposits and/or Cash Component, as applicable, to the Trust, together with such additional information as may be required by the Distributor. An order to create Creation Units through the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor or transfer agent on the
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Transmittal Date if (1) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.
Placement of Creation Orders Outside the Clearing Process
All Fund Deposits and/or Cash Component, as applicable, made outside the Clearing Process must be delivered through a DTC Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. A DTC Participant who wishes to place an order creating Creation Units to be effected outside the Clearing Process does not need to be a Participating Party, but such orders must state that the DTC Participant is not using the Clearing Process and that the creation of Creation Units will instead be effected through a transfer of cash and securities directly through DTC. The Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the DTC Participant on the Transmittal Date in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities through DTC to the account of the Fund by no later than 11:00 a.m. New York time on the next Business Day following the Transmittal Date (“DTC Cut-Off-Time”).
All questions as to the amount of an All Cash Amount, the number of Deposit Securities to be delivered, or the amount of a Cash Component, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash equal to the Cash Component (including All Cash Amounts) must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner so as to be received by the Custodian no later than 2:00 p.m. New York time on the next Business Day following the Transmittal Date. An order to create Creation Units outside the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor on the Transmittal Date if (1) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. However, if the Custodian does not receive both the requisite Deposit Securities and the Cash Component or the All Cash Amount, as applicable, by 11:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m., respectively, on the next Business Day following the Transmittal Date, such order will be canceled. Upon written notice to the Distributor, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using the Fund Deposits and/or Cash Components as newly constituted to reflect the then-current Deposit Securities and Cash Component, or the All Cash Amount, as applicable. The delivery of Creation Units so created will occur no later than the third Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor.
Additional transaction fees may be imposed with respect to transactions effected through a DTC participant outside the Clearing Process and in the limited circumstances in which any cash can be used in lieu of Deposit Securities to create Creation Units. See the section of this SAI entitled “Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units—Creation Transaction Fee.”
Creation Units of an In-Kind Creation may be created in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of the Fund Shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since, in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (1) the Cash Component plus (2) 125% of the then-current market value of the undelivered Deposit Securities (“Additional Cash Deposit”). The order shall be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to Closing Time and funds in the appropriate amount are deposited with the Custodian by 11:00 a.m. New York time the following Business Day. If the order is not placed in proper form by Closing Time or funds in the appropriate amount are not received by 11:00 a.m. the next Business Day, then the order may be deemed to be canceled and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to each Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Trust, pending receipt of the undelivered Deposit Securities to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Trust in an amount at least equal to 125% of the daily marked-to-market value of the undelivered Deposit Securities. To the extent that undelivered Deposit Securities are not received by 1:00 p.m. New York time on the third Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor, or in the event a marked-to-market payment is not made within one Business Day following notification by the Transfer Agent that such a payment is required, the Trust may use the cash on deposit to purchase the undelivered Deposit Securities. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Trust and each Fund for the costs incurred by the Trust in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the market value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by
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the Distributor plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the undelivered Deposit Securities have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Trust and deposited into the Trust’s custodial account. In addition, a transaction fee will be charged in all cases. See the section below entitled “Creation Transaction Fee.” The delivery of Creation Units so created will occur no later than the third Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units
The Trust reserves the absolute right to reject a creation order transmitted to it by the Transfer Agent if: (1) the order is not in proper form; (2) if the Cash Component paid is incorrect; (3) the investor(s), upon obtaining the Fund Shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding Shares of the Funds; (4) the Deposit Securities delivered are not as disseminated for that date by the Custodian, as described above; (5) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Funds; (6) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (7) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would otherwise, in the discretion of the Trust or the Adviser, have an adverse effect on the Trust or the rights of beneficial owners; or (8) there exist circumstances outside the control of the Trust, the Custodian, transfer agent, the Distributor and the Adviser that make it for all practical purposes impossible to process creation orders. Examples of such circumstances include acts of God; public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Adviser, the Distributor or transfer agent, DTC, NSCC, the Custodian or sub-custodian or any other participant in the creation process and similar extraordinary events. The Distributor shall notify the Authorized Participant of its rejection of the order. The Trust, the Custodian, any sub-custodian, the transfer agent and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.
Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+1 basis” (that is, one Business Day after trade date). To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant’s agreement with the Distributor, the Trust will issue Creation Units of an In Kind Creation to such Authorized Participant notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Portfolio Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant’s delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value equal to 110%, which the Adviser may change from time to time, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities in accordance with the Trust’s then-effective procedures. Such collateral must be delivered no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the contractual settlement date. The only collateral that is acceptable to the Trust is cash in U.S. Dollars or an irrevocable letter of credit in form, and drawn on a bank, that is satisfactory to the Trust. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant.
Information concerning the Trust’s current procedures for collateralization of missing Deposit Securities is available from the Distributor or transfer agent. The Participant Agreement will permit the Trust to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Trust of purchasing such securities and the cash collateral or the amount that may be drawn under any letter of credit.
In certain cases, Authorized Participants will create and redeem Creation Units (whether by In Kind Creation/Redemption or for an All Cash Amount) on the same trade date. In these instances, the Trust reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis. All questions as to the amount of cash required to be delivered, the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered, as applicable, shall be determined by the Trust, and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.
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Creation Transaction Fee
Authorized Participants will be required to pay to the Custodian a fixed transaction fee (“Creation Transaction Fee”) in connection with creation orders that is intended to offset the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The standard Creation Transaction Fee will be the same regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by an investor on the applicable Business Day. The Creation Transaction Fee charged by the Funds’ custodian for each creation order is $300.00.
In addition, a variable fee, payable to each Fund, of a percentage of the value of the Creation Units subject to the transaction may be imposed for cash purchases, non-standard orders, or partial cash purchases of Creation Units. The variable charge is primarily designed to cover additional costs (e.g., brokerage, taxes) involved with buying the securities with cash. The Funds may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Adviser has determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund shareholders. Investors are responsible for the costs of transferring the securities constituting the Deposit Securities to the account of the Trust.
In order to seek to replicate the In Kind Creation order process for creation orders executed in whole or in part with cash, the Trust expects to purchase, in the secondary market or otherwise gain exposure to, the portfolio securities that could have been delivered as a result of an In Kind Creation order pursuant to local law or market convention, or for other reasons (“Creation Market Purchases”). In such cases where the Trust makes Creation Market Purchases, the Authorized Participant will reimburse the Trust for, among other things, any difference between the market value at which the securities and/or financial instruments were purchased by the Trust and the cash-in-lieu amount, applicable registration fees, brokerage commissions and certain taxes.
The Creation Transaction Fee may be waived for the Funds when the Adviser believes that waiver of the Creation Transaction Fee is in the best interest of the Funds. When determining whether to waive the Creation Transaction Fee, the Adviser considers a number of factors including whether waiving the Creation Transaction Fee will: facilitate the initial launch of each Fund; facilitate portfolio rebalancings in a less costly manner; improve the quality of the secondary trading market for the Funds’ shares; and not result in a Fund bearing additional costs or expenses as a result of the waiver.
Redemption Orders
The process to redeem Creation Units is essentially the reverse of the process by which Creation Units are created, as described above. To redeem Shares directly from a Fund, an investor must be an Authorized Participant or must redeem through an Authorized Participant. The Trust redeems Creation Units on a continuous basis on any Business Day through the Distributor at the Shares’ NAV next determined after receipt of an order in proper form. Each Fund will not redeem Shares in amounts less than Creation Units. Authorized Participants must accumulate enough Shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit in order to have such Shares redeemed by the Trust. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit.
Generally, Creation Units of the Funds will also be redeemed at NAV principally in kind, although a Fund reserves the right to redeem all or a portion in kind, in each case less a transaction fee as described below. With respect to In Kind Redemptions, the Custodian, through the NSCC, makes available prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m. New York time) on each Business Day, the identity of the Fund Securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as described below) on that day. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units. The redemption proceeds for an In Kind Redemption of a Creation Unit consists of Fund Securities – as announced on the Business Day the request for redemption is received in proper form – plus or minus cash in an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the Fund Shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a redemption request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities (“Cash Redemption Amount”), less a redemption transaction fee (see the section below entitled “Redemption Transaction Fee”).
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The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the Funds (1) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (2) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Shares of the Funds or determination of the Funds’ NAV is not reasonably practicable; or (4) in such other circumstances as is permitted by the SEC.
Deliveries of redemption proceeds by each Fund generally will be made within one Business Day (that is “T+1”). However, as discussed in Appendix B, each Fund reserves the right to settle redemption transactions and deliver redemption proceeds on a basis other than T+1 to accommodate foreign market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (that is the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold), and in certain other circumstances.
The process for a redemption order involving an All Cash Amount will be the same as the process for an In-Kind Redemption, except that the proceeds of the redemption will be paid entirely in cash. Proceeds of redemptions of Creation Units payable in an All Cash Amount will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming Shares on behalf of the redeeming investor as soon as practicable after the date of redemption (within seven calendar days thereafter).
Placement of Redemption Orders Using the Clearing Process
Orders to redeem Creation Units through the Clearing Process must be delivered through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. Investors other than Authorized Participants are responsible for making arrangements with an Authorized Participant for an order to redeem. An order to redeem Creation Units is deemed received by the Trust on the Transmittal Date if: (1) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than Closing Time on such Transmittal Date; and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. Such order will be effected based on the NAV of the relevant Fund as next determined. An order to redeem Creation Units using the Clearing Process made in proper form but received by the Transfer Agent after Closing Time will be deemed received on the next Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date and will be effected at the NAV determined on such next Business Day. The requisite Fund Securities and/or the Cash Redemption Amount, as applicable, will be transferred by the third NSCC business day following the date on which such request for redemption is deemed received.
Placement of Redemption Orders Outside the Clearing Process
Orders to redeem Creation Units outside the Clearing Process must be delivered through a DTC Participant that has executed the Participant Agreement. A DTC Participant who wishes to place an order for redemption of Creation Units to be effected outside the Clearing Process does not need to be a Participating Party, but such orders must state that the DTC Participant is not using the Clearing Process and that redemption of Creation Units will instead be effected through transfer of Fund Shares directly through DTC. An order to redeem Creation Units outside the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor on the Transmittal Date if (1) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than Closing Time on such Transmittal Date; (2) such order is accompanied or followed by the requisite number of Fund Shares, which delivery must be made through DTC to the Custodian no later than the DTC Cut-Off-Time, and the Cash Redemption Amount, if owed to the Fund, which delivery must be made by 2:00 p.m. New York Time; and (3) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. After the Distributor receives an order for redemption outside the Clearing Process, the Transfer Agent will initiate procedures to transfer the requisite Fund Securities which are expected to be delivered and the Cash Redemption Amount, if any, by the third Business Day following the Transmittal Date.
The calculation of the value of the Fund Securities and/or the Cash Redemption Amount, as applicable, to be delivered or received upon redemption (by the Authorized Participant or the Trust, as applicable) will be made by the Custodian according to the procedures set forth the section of this SAI entitled “Determination of Net Asset Value” computed on the Business Day on which a redemption order is deemed received by the Distributor. Therefore, if a redemption order in proper form is submitted to the Transfer Agent by a DTC Participant not later than Closing Time on the Transmittal Date, and the requisite number of Shares of each Fund are delivered to the Custodian prior to the DTC
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Cut-Off-Time, then the value of the Fund Securities and/or the Cash Redemption Amount, as applicable, to be delivered or received (by the Authorized Participant or the Trust, as applicable) will be determined by the Custodian on such Transmittal Date. If, however, either (1) the requisite number of Shares of the relevant Fund are not delivered by the DTC Cut-Off-Time, as described above, or (2) the redemption order is not submitted in proper form, then the redemption order will not be deemed received as of the Transmittal Date. In such case, the value of the Fund Securities and/or the Cash Redemption Amount, as applicable, to be delivered or received will be computed on the Business Day following the Transmittal Date provided that the Fund Shares of the relevant Fund are delivered through DTC to the Custodian by 11:00 a.m. New York time the following Business Day pursuant to a properly submitted redemption order.
The Trust may in its discretion at any time, or from time to time, exercise its option to redeem Fund Shares solely for consideration in the form of an All Cash Amount, and the redeeming Authorized Participant will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that the Trust may permit, in its sole discretion. In either case, the investor will receive an All Cash Amount payment equal to the NAV of its Fund Shares based on the NAV of Shares of the relevant Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a transaction fee which will include an additional charge for cash redemptions to offset the Fund’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). Each Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the Fund Securities, or cash in lieu of some securities added to the Cash Redemption Amount, but in no event will the total value of the securities delivered and the cash transmitted differ from the NAV. Redemptions of Fund Shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and a Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws.
An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting that is subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of a Creation Unit may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming Beneficial Owner of the Fund Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment, beneficial ownership of shares or delivery instructions.
Redemption Transaction Fee
Investors will be required to pay to the Custodian a fixed transaction fee (“Redemption Transaction Fee”) to offset the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units. The standard Redemption Transaction Fee will be the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by an investor on the applicable Business Day. The Redemption Transaction Fee charged by the Funds’ custodian for each redemption order is $300.00.
An additional variable fee of up to three (3) times the fixed Transaction Fee plus all commission and fees payable to the Funds in connection with the sale of the Fund Securities (expressed as a percentage value of such Fund Securities) may be imposed for (1) redemptions effected outside the Clearing Process and (2) redemptions made in an All Cash Amount (to offset the Trust’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the sale of Fund Securities). Investors will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from the Trust to their account or on their order.
In order to seek to replicate the In Kind Redemption order process for redemption orders executed in whole or in part with cash, the Trust expects to sell, in the secondary market, the portfolio securities or settle any financial instruments that may not be permitted to be re-registered in the name of the Participating Party as a result of an In Kind Redemption order pursuant to local law or market convention, or for other reasons (“Market Sales”). In such cases where the Trust makes Market Sales, the Authorized Participant will reimburse the Trust for, among other things, any difference between the market value at which the securities and/or financial instruments were sold or settled by the Trust and the cash-in-lieu amount, applicable registration fees, brokerage commissions and certain taxes.
Regardless of form, the Redemption Transaction Fee (including any reimbursements related to in cash redemptions or additional variable fees for In Kind Redemptions) will be limited in accordance with the requirements of
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the SEC applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities (currently, no more than 2% of the value of the shares redeemed).
The Redemption Transaction Fee may be waived for the Funds when the Adviser believes that waiver of the Redemption Transaction Fee is in the best interest of the Funds. When determining whether to waive the Redemption Transaction Fee, the Adviser considers a number of factors including whether waiving the Redemption Transaction Fee will: facilitate portfolio rebalancings in a less costly manner; improve the quality of the secondary trading market for the Funds’ shares; and not result in the Funds bearing additional costs or expenses as a result of the waiver.
Custom Baskets
The Fund Securities to be deposited for the purchase of a Creation Unit, and the Fund Securities delivered in connection with a Redemption, may differ, and the Fund may accept “custom baskets.” A custom basket may include any of the following: (i) a basket that is composed of a non-representative selection of the Fund’s portfolio holdings; or (ii) a representative basket that is different from the initial basket used in transactions on the same business day. The Fund has adopted policies and procedures that govern the construction and acceptance of baskets, including heightened requirements for certain types of custom baskets.
ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
The Adviser and its affiliates may, out of its own resources and without additional cost to the Funds or their shareholders, pay a solicitation fee to securities dealers or other financial intermediaries (collectively, a “Financial Intermediary.”)
TAXES
The following discussion is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Funds and their shareholders. The discussion reflects applicable U.S. federal income tax laws as of the date of this SAI, which tax laws may be changed or subject to new interpretations by the courts or the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), possibly with retroactive effect. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of all U.S. income, estate or gift tax, or foreign, state or local tax concerns affecting the Funds and their shareholders (including shareholders owning large positions in a Fund). The discussion set forth herein does not constitute tax advice. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors to determine the tax consequences to them of investing in the Funds.
In addition, no attempt is made to address tax concerns applicable to an investor with a special tax status such as a financial institution, real estate investment trust (“REIT”), insurance company, regulated investment company (“RIC”), individual retirement account (“IRA”), other tax-exempt entity, or dealer in securities. Furthermore, this discussion does not reflect possible application of the alternative minimum tax (“AMT”). Unless otherwise noted, this discussion assumes shares of the Funds (“Shares”) are held by U.S. shareholders (defined below) and that such Shares are held as capital assets.
A U.S. shareholder is a beneficial owner of Shares of a Fund that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
•a citizen or individual resident of the United States (including certain former citizens and former long-term residents);
•a corporation or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia;
•an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
•a trust with respect to which a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions or a trust that has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.
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A “Non-U.S. shareholder” is a beneficial owner of Shares that is an individual, corporation, trust or estate and is not a U.S. shareholder. If a partnership (including any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership generally depends upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A partner of a partnership that will hold Shares should consult its own tax advisor with respect to the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares by the partnership.
Taxation as a RIC. Each Fund intends to qualify and remain qualified as a RIC under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). There can be no assurance that each Fund will so qualify. A Fund will qualify as a RIC if, among other things, it meets the source-of-income and the asset-diversification requirements. With respect to the source-of-income requirement, a Fund must derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income (including tax-exempt interest) from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of shares, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and (ii) net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (the “Income Test”). A “qualified publicly traded partnership” is generally defined as a publicly traded partnership under Code Section 7704. Income derived from a partnership (other than a qualified publicly traded partnership) or trust is qualifying income to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership or trust which would be qualifying income if realized by a Fund in the same manner as realized by the partnership or trust.
If a RIC fails the Income Test and such failure was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, generally it will not be subject to the U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to corporations. Instead, the amount of the penalty for non-compliance is the amount by which the non-qualifying income exceeds one-ninth of the qualifying gross income.
With respect to the asset-diversification requirement, each Fund must diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year (i) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, the securities of other RICs and other securities, if such other securities of any one issuer do not represent more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested in securities, other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs, of (a) one issuer, (b) two or more issuers that are controlled by the Fund and that are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or (c) one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Asset Test”).
If a RIC fails the Asset Test, such RIC has a six-month period to correct any failure without incurring a penalty if such failure is “de minimis.”
Similarly, if a RIC fails the Asset Test and the failure is not de minimis, a RIC can cure the failure if: (i) the RIC files with the U.S. Treasury Department a description of each asset that caused the RIC to fail the Asset Test; (ii) the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect; and (iii) the failure is cured within six months (or such other period specified by the U.S. Treasury Department). In such cases, a tax is imposed on the RIC equal to the greater of: (i) $50,000 or (ii) an amount determined by multiplying the highest corporate U.S. federal income tax rate (currently 21%) by the amount of net income generated during the period of the Asset Test failure by the assets that caused the RIC to fail the Asset Test.
If a Fund qualifies as a RIC and distributes to its shareholders, for each taxable year, at least 90% of the sum of (i) its “investment company taxable income” as that term is defined in the Code (which includes, among other things, dividends, taxable interest, the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses and certain net foreign exchange gains as reduced by certain deductible expenses) without regard to the deduction for dividends paid, and (ii) the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest, if any, over certain deductions attributable to such interest that are otherwise disallowed (the “Distribution Test”), the Fund will be relieved of U.S. federal income tax on any income of the Fund, including long-term capital gains, distributed to shareholders. However, any ordinary income or capital gain retained by the Fund will be subject to regular corporate U.S. federal income tax rates (currently at a maximum rate of 21%). Each Fund intends to distribute at least annually substantially all of its investment company taxable income, net tax-exempt interest, and net capital gain.
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Each Fund will generally be subject to a nondeductible 4% U.S. federal excise tax on the portion of its undistributed ordinary income with respect to each calendar year and undistributed capital gains if it fails to meet certain distribution requirements with respect to the one-year period ending on October 31 in that calendar year. To avoid the 4% U.S. federal excise tax, the required minimum distribution is generally equal to the sum of (i) 98% of a Fund’s ordinary income (computed on a calendar year basis), (ii) 98.2% of a Fund’s capital gain net income (generally computed for the one-year period ending on October 31), and (iii) any income realized, but not distributed, and on which a Fund paid no U.S. federal income tax in preceding years. Each Fund generally intends to make distributions in a timely manner in an amount at least equal to the required minimum distribution and therefore, under normal market conditions, does not expect to be subject to this excise tax.
A Fund may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances in which it does not receive cash. For example, if a Fund holds debt obligations that are treated under applicable U.S. federal income tax rules as having original issue discount (“OID”), such as debt instruments with payment of in kind interest or, in certain cases, with increasing interest rates or that are issued with warrants, the Fund must include in income each year a portion of the OID that accrues over the life of the obligation regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by the Fund in the same taxable year. Because any OID accrued will be included in a Fund’s “investment company taxable income” (discussed below) for the year of accrual, the Fund may be required to make a distribution to its shareholders to satisfy the Distribution Test, even though it will not have received an amount of cash that corresponds with the accrued income.
A RIC is permitted to carry forward net capital losses indefinitely and may allow losses to retain their original character (as short or as long-term). These capital loss carryforwards may be utilized in future years to offset net realized capital gains of a Fund, if any, prior to distributing such gains to shareholders.
Except as set forth below in “Failure to Qualify as a RIC,” the remainder of this discussion assumes that each Fund will qualify as a RIC for each taxable year.
Failure to Qualify as a RIC. If a Fund is unable to satisfy the Distribution Test or otherwise fails to qualify as a RIC in any year, it will be subject to corporate U.S. federal income tax on all of its income and gain, regardless of whether or not such income was distributed. Distributions to a Fund’s shareholders of such income and gain will not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income. In such event, the Fund’s distributions, to the extent derived from the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, would constitute ordinary dividends, which would generally be eligible for the dividends received deduction available to corporate U.S. shareholders, and non-corporate U.S. shareholders would generally be able to treat such distributions as “qualified dividend income” eligible for preferential rates of U.S. federal income taxation, provided in each case that certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied. Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits would be treated first as a return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s tax basis in its Shares, and any remaining distributions would be treated as a capital gain.
To qualify as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, a Fund would be required to satisfy the Income Test, Asset Test, and Distribution Test for that year and distribute any earnings and profits from any year in which the Fund failed to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. Subject to a limited exception applicable to RICs that qualified as such under the Code for at least one year prior to disqualification and that requalify as a RIC no later than the second year following the nonqualifying year, a Fund would be subject to tax on any unrealized built-in gains in the assets held by it during the period in which the Fund failed to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC that are recognized within the subsequent five years, unless the Fund made a special election to pay corporate-level U.S. federal income tax on such built-in gain at the time of its requalification as a RIC.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders. Distributions paid to U.S. shareholders by a Fund from its investment company taxable income (which is, generally, the Fund’s ordinary income plus net realized short-term capital gains in excess of net realized long-term capital losses) are generally taxable to U.S. shareholders as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional Shares. Such distributions (if designated by a Fund) may qualify (i) for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate U.S. shareholders to the extent that the Fund’s income consists of dividend income from U.S. corporations, excluding distributions from tax-exempt
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organizations, exempt farmers’ cooperatives or REITs or (ii) in the case of non-corporate U.S. shareholders, as qualified dividend income eligible to be taxed at preferential rates to the extent that the Fund receives qualified dividend income, and provided in each case certain holding period and other requirements are met. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable U.S. corporations and qualified foreign corporations (which generally include foreign corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a qualified comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States, or the stock with respect to which such dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States). A qualified foreign corporation generally excludes any foreign corporation, which for the taxable year of the corporation in which the dividend was paid, or the preceding taxable year, is a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”). Distributions made to a U.S. shareholder from an excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses (“Capital Gain Dividends”), including Capital Gain Dividends credited to such U.S. shareholder but retained by the Fund, are taxable to such U.S. shareholder as long-term capital gain if they have been properly designated by the Fund, regardless of the length of time such U.S. shareholder owned the Shares. The maximum tax rate on Capital Gain Dividends received by non-corporate U.S. Shareholders is generally 20%. Distributions in excess of a Fund’s earnings and profits will be treated by a U.S. shareholder, first, as a tax-free return of capital, which is applied against and will reduce the adjusted tax basis of the U.S. shareholder’s Shares and, after such adjusted tax basis is reduced to zero, will constitute capital gain to the U.S. shareholder. The Funds are not required to provide written notice designating the amount of any qualified dividend income or capital gain dividends and other distributions. The Forms 1099 sent to the U.S. shareholders will instead serve this notice purpose.
As a RIC, each Fund will be subject to the AMT, but any items that are treated differently for AMT purposes must be apportioned between the Fund and its shareholders and this may affect the U.S. shareholders’ AMT liabilities. Each Fund intends in general to apportion these items in the same proportion that dividends paid to each shareholder bear to a Fund’s taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction.
For purpose of determining (i) whether the Distribution Test is satisfied for any year and (ii) the amount of Capital Gain Dividends paid for that year, a Fund may, under certain circumstances, elect to treat a dividend that is paid during the following taxable year as if it had been paid during the prior taxable year. If a Fund makes such an election, a U.S. shareholder will still be treated as receiving the dividend in the taxable year in which the distribution is made. However, any dividend declared by a Fund in October, November or December of any calendar year, payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month and actually paid during January of the following year, will be treated as if it had been received by the U.S. shareholders on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared.
Each Fund intends to distribute all realized capital gains, if any, at least annually. If, however, a Fund were to retain any net capital gain, the Fund may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to shareholders who, if subject to U.S. federal income tax on long-term capital gains, (i) will be required to include in income as long-term capital gain, their proportionate shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the U.S. federal income tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If such an event occurs, the tax basis of Shares will, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, generally be increased by the difference between the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in the U.S. shareholder’s gross income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder.
Sales of Shares or redemption of Creation Units and other dispositions of Shares, such as exchanges, of a Fund generally are taxable events. U.S. shareholders should consult their own tax advisors with reference to their individual circumstances to determine whether any particular transaction in the Shares are properly treated as a sale or exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as the following discussion assumes, and the tax treatment of any gains or losses recognized in such transactions. The sale of Shares, redemption of Creation Units or other disposition of Shares will generally result in capital gain or loss to the U.S. shareholder equal to the difference between the amount realized and the adjusted tax basis in the Shares sold or exchanged, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more than one year at the time of sale. Any loss upon the sale or exchange of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any Capital Gain Dividends received (including amounts credited as an undistributed Capital Gain Dividends) by such shareholder with respect to such Shares. A loss realized on a sale or
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exchange of Shares generally will be disallowed if other substantially identical shares are acquired within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date that the Shares are disposed. In such case, the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Both long-term and short-term capital gain of U.S. corporations are taxed at the rates applicable to ordinary income of corporations. For non-corporate U.S. shareholders, short-term capital gain is taxed at the rate applicable to ordinary income, while long-term capital gain generally is taxed at a maximum rate of 20%. Capital losses are subject to certain limitations.
An Authorized Participant who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize gain or loss from the exchange. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the sum of the exchanger’s aggregate tax basis in the securities surrendered plus the amount of cash paid for such Creation Units. A person who redeems Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the sum of the aggregate market value of any securities received plus the amount of any cash received for such Creation Units and the exchanger’s tax basis in the Creation Units. The IRS, however, may assert that an Authorized Participant which does not mark-to-market its holdings may not be permitted to currently deduct losses realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position.
Any capital gain or loss realized upon the creation of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the securities exchanged for such Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the redemption of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares comprising the Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Otherwise, such capital gains or losses will be treated as short-term capital gains or losses. Any loss realized upon a redemption of Creation Units held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the applicable Authorized Participant of long-term capital gains with respect to the Creation Units (including any amounts credited to the Authorized Participant as undistributed capital gains).
The Trust on behalf of a Fund has the right to reject an order for a purchase of Shares of a Fund if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the Shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares of the Fund and if, pursuant to Code Section 351, the Fund would have a tax basis in the securities deposited for such Shares different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination. If a Fund does issue Creation Units to a purchaser (or group of purchasers) that would, upon obtaining the Shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares of a Fund, the purchaser (or group of purchasers) may not recognize gain or loss upon the exchange of securities for Creation Units.
Persons purchasing or redeeming Creation Units should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the tax treatment of any creation or redemption transaction and whether the wash sales rules apply and when a loss might not be deductible.
Each Fund must report its shareholders’ cost basis, gain/loss, and holding period for Shares to the IRS on the Fund’s shareholders’ Consolidated Form 1099s. Each Fund has chosen average cost as the standing (default) tax lot identification method for all shareholders. A tax lot identification method is the way the Funds will determine which specific Shares are deemed to be sold when there are multiple purchases on different dates at differing prices, and the entire position is not sold at one time. The Funds’ standing tax lot identification method is the method Fund Shares will be reported on a U.S. shareholder’s Consolidated Form 1099 if the U.S. shareholder does not select a different tax lot identification method. U.S. shareholders may choose a method different than the Funds’ standing method and will be able to do so at the time of the U.S. shareholder’s purchase or upon the sale of Fund Shares. The Funds and their service providers do not provide tax advice. U.S. shareholders should consult independent sources, which may include a tax professional, with respect to any decisions they may make with respect to choosing a tax lot identification method.
Certain U.S. shareholders, including individuals, estates and trusts, will be subject to an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which should include dividends from the Funds and net gains from the disposition of Shares. U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the implications of the additional Medicare tax resulting from an investment in a Fund.
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Straddles. When a Fund enters into an offsetting position to limit the risk on another position, the “straddle” rules usually come into play. An option or other position entered into or held by a Fund in conjunction with any other position held by the Fund may constitute a “straddle” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the character and timing of a Fund’s gains and losses with respect to straddle positions. The key features of the straddle rules are as follows:
A Fund may have to wait to deduct any losses. If a Fund has a capital gain in one position of a straddle and a capital loss in the other, the Fund may not recognize the loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes until the Fund disposes of both positions. This might occur, for example, if a Fund had a highly appreciated stock position and the Fund purchased protective put options (which give the Fund the right to sell the stock to someone else for a period of time at a predetermined price) to offset the risk. If the stock continued to increase in value and the put options expired worthless, the Fund must defer recognition of the loss on its put options until the Fund sells and recognizes the gain on the original, appreciated position.
A Fund’s capital gain holding period may get clipped. The moment a Fund enters into a typical straddle, the capital gains holding period on its offsetting positions is frozen. If a Fund held the original position for one year or less (thus not qualifying for the long-term capital gains rate), not only is the holding period frozen, it starts all over again when the Fund disposes of the offsetting position.
Losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions that would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses may be treated as long-term capital losses. This generally has the effect of reducing the tax benefit of such losses.
A Fund may not be able to deduct any interest expenses or carrying charges with respect to a straddle. During the offsetting period, any interest or carrying charges associated with the straddle generally are not currently tax deductible, but must be capitalized (added to cost basis).
Original Issue Discount, Pay-In-Kind Securities, Market Discount and Commodity-Linked Notes. Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that may be acquired by a Fund may be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of OID is treated as interest income and is included in a Fund’s taxable income (and required to be distributed by the Fund) over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security.
Some debt obligations that may be acquired by a Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having “market discount.” Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligations issued with OID, its “revised issue price”) over the purchase price of such obligation. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt obligation having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt obligation. Alternatively, a Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the Fund will be required to include the accrued market discount in the Fund’s income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. The rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in a Fund’s income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects. In the case of higher-risk securities, the amount of market discount may be unclear. See below under “Higher-Risk Securities.”
Some debt obligations that may be acquired by a Fund may be treated as having “acquisition discount” (very generally, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price), or OID in the case of certain types of debt obligations. A Fund will be required to include the acquisition discount, or OID, in income (as ordinary income) over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. A Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt obligations having acquisition discount, or OID, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.
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In addition, payment-in-kind securities will, and commodity-linked notes may, give rise to income that is required to be distributed and is taxable even though a Fund receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.
If a Fund holds the foregoing kinds of securities, it may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount that is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of a Fund or by liquidation of portfolio securities, if necessary (including when it is not advantageous to do so). A Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event a Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions.
Higher-Risk Securities. To the extent such investments are permissible for a Fund, a Fund may invest in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for a Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when a Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income. In limited circumstances, it may also not be clear whether a Fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation, and if so, what amount of market discount the Fund should recognize. These and other related issues will be addressed by a Fund when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
Issuer Deductibility of Interest. A portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by a Fund may not be deductible to (and thus, may affect the cash flow of) the issuer. If a portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations is not deductible, that portion will be treated as a dividend for purposes of the corporate dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligation is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by a Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent of the deemed dividend portion of such accrued interest.
Interest paid on debt obligations owned by a Fund, if any, that are considered for U.S. federal income tax purposes to be payable in the equity of the issuer or a related party will not be deductible to the issuer, possibly affecting the cash flow of the issuer.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders. A tax-exempt U.S. shareholder could recognize unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) by virtue of its investment in a Fund if such Shares constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt U.S. shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b). Furthermore, a tax-exempt U.S. shareholder may recognize UBTI if a Fund recognizes “excess inclusion income” derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”) if the amount of such income recognized by the Fund exceeds the Fund’s investment company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Fund).
In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (“CRTs”) that invest in RICs that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. A CRT (as defined in Code Section 664) that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year, must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI solely as a result of investing in a Fund that recognizes “excess inclusion income.” Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of Shares in a Fund that recognizes “excess inclusion income,” then the Fund will be subject to a tax on that portion of its “excess inclusion income” for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders, at the highest corporate U.S. federal income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, a Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder’s distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder’s interest in the Fund. The Funds have not yet determined whether such an
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election will be made. CRTs and other tax-exempt investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in the Funds.
Foreign Taxation. Income received by a Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes.
A “qualified fund of funds” is a RIC that has at least 50% of the value of its total interests invested in other RICs at the end of each quarter of the taxable year. If a Fund satisfies this requirement or if it meets certain other requirements, which include a requirement that more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consist of stocks or securities of foreign corporations, then the Fund should be eligible to file an election with the IRS that may enable its shareholders to receive either the benefit of a foreign tax credit, or a tax deduction, with respect to any foreign and U.S. possessions income taxes paid by the Fund, subject to certain limitations.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders. Capital Gain Dividends are generally not subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax. Absent a specific statutory exemption, dividends other than Capital Gain Dividends paid by a Fund to a Non-U.S. shareholder are subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) even if they are funded by income or gains (such as portfolio interest, short-term capital gains, or foreign-source dividend and interest income) that, if paid to a foreign person directly, would not be subject to withholding.
A RIC is not required to withhold any amounts (i) with respect to distributions (other than distributions to a Non-U.S. shareholder (a) that does not provide a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (b) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the Non-U.S. shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (c) that is within a foreign country that has inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (d) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the Non-U.S. shareholder and the Non-U.S. shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation) from U.S.-source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by a Non-U.S. shareholder, to the extent such distributions are properly reported as such by a Fund in a written notice to shareholders (“Interest-Related Dividends”)), and (ii) with respect to distributions (other than (a) distributions to an individual Non-U.S. shareholder who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (b) distributions subject to special rules regarding the disposition of U.S. real property interests (“USRPIs”) as described below) of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses to the extent such distributions are properly reported by the RIC (“Short-Term Capital Gain Dividends”). If a Fund invests in an underlying RIC that pays such distributions to the Fund, such distributions retain their character as not subject to withholding if properly reported when paid by the Fund to Non-U.S. shareholders.
A Fund is permitted to report such part of its dividends as Interest-Related Dividends or Short-Term Capital Gain Dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so. These exemptions from withholding will not be available to Non-U.S. shareholders that do not currently report their dividends as Interest-Related Dividends or Short-Term Capital Gain Dividends.
In the case of Shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if a Fund reports all or a portion of a payment as an Interest-Related Dividends or Short-Term Capital Gain Dividends to shareholders. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their accounts.
A Non-U.S. shareholder generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of Shares of a Fund or on Capital Gain Dividends unless (i) such gain or dividend is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by such shareholder within the United States, (ii) in the case of an individual shareholder, the shareholder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale or the receipt of the Capital Gain Dividends and certain other conditions are met, or (iii) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of USRPIs apply to the Non-U.S. shareholder’s sale of Shares of a Fund or to the Capital Gain Dividends received by the Non-U.S. shareholder (as described below).
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Special rules would apply if a Fund were either a “U.S. real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions to the definition thereof. Very generally, a USRPHC is a U.S. corporation that holds USRPIs the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation’s USPRIs, interests in real property located outside the United States, and other assets. USRPIs are generally defined as any interest in U.S. real property and any interest (other than solely as a creditor) in a USRPHC or former USRPHC.
If a Fund were a USRPHC or would be a USRPHC but for certain exceptions, any distributions by the Fund to a Non-U.S. shareholder (including, in certain cases, distributions made by the Fund in redemption of its Shares) attributable to gains realized by the Fund on the disposition of USRPIs or to distributions received by the Fund from a lower-tier RIC or REIT that the Fund is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands generally would be subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding. In addition, such distributions could result in a Non-U.S. shareholder being required to file a U.S. federal income tax return and pay tax on the distributions at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. The consequences to a Non-U.S. shareholder, including the rate of such withholding and character of such distributions, would vary depending upon the extent of the Non-U.S. shareholder’s current and past ownership of the Fund. This “look-through” USRPI treatment for distributions by a Fund, if it were either a USRPHC or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions, to Non-U.S. shareholders applies only to those distributions that, in turn, are attributable to distributions received by the Fund from a lower-tier RIC or REIT, unless Congress enacts legislation providing otherwise.
In addition, if a Fund were a USRPHC or former USRPHC, it could be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax on the proceeds of a Share redemption by a Non-U.S. shareholder, in which case such Non-U.S. shareholder generally would also be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return and pay any additional taxes due in connection with the redemption.
Whether or not a Fund is characterized as a USRPHC will depend upon the nature and mix of the Fund’s assets. Each Fund does not expect to be a USRPHC. Non-U.S. shareholders should consult their own tax advisors concerning the application of these rules to their investment in a Fund.
If a Non-U.S. shareholder has a trade or business in the United States, and the dividends from a Fund are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of that trade or business, the dividend will be subject to net U.S. federal income taxation at regular income tax rates.
If a Non-U.S. shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by that Non-U.S. shareholder in the United States.
To qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a Non-U.S. shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an applicable IRS Form W-8). Non-U.S. shareholders should consult their own tax advisors in this regard.
A Non-U.S. shareholder may be subject to U.S. state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax referred to above.
Backup Withholding. The Funds generally are required to backup withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury Department a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Funds with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or who fails to properly certify to the Funds that he or she is not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is currently 24%.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.
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Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations. If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to Shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these rules does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors to determine the applicability of these rules in light of their individual circumstances.
FATCA. Payments to a shareholder that is either a foreign financial institution (“FFI”) or a non-financial foreign entity (“NFFE”) within the meaning of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) may be subject to a generally nonrefundable 30% withholding tax on: (i) income dividends paid by a Fund and (ii) possibly in the future, certain capital gain distributions and the proceeds arising from the sale of Shares of a Fund. FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided: (i) by an FFI, subject to any applicable intergovernmental agreement or other exemption, if it enters into a valid agreement with the IRS to, among other requirements, report required information about certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI and (ii) by an NFFE, if it: (a) certifies that it has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (b) if it does have such owners, reports information relating to them. The Funds may disclose the information that it receives from its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA. Withholding also may be required if a foreign entity that is a shareholder of a Fund fails to provide the Fund with appropriate certifications or other documentation concerning its status under FATCA, generally on an applicable IRS Form W-8.
Shares Purchased through Tax-Qualified Plans. Special tax rules apply to investments purchased through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors to determine the suitability of Shares of a Fund as an investment through such plans, and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.
Possible Tax Law Changes. At the time that this SAI was being prepared, various administrative and legislative changes to the U.S. federal tax laws are under consideration, but it is not possible at this time to determine whether any of these changes will take place or what the changes might entail.
The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the provisions of the Code and the Treasury regulations in effect as they directly govern the taxation of the Funds and their shareholders. These provisions are subject to change by legislative and administrative action, and any such change may be retroactive. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding specific questions as to U.S. federal income, estate or gift taxes, or foreign, state, local taxes or other taxes.
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
Brokerage Transactions. Generally, equity securities are bought and sold through brokerage transactions for which commissions are payable. Purchases from underwriters will include the underwriting commission or concession, and purchases from dealers serving as market makers will include a dealer's mark-up or reflect a dealer's mark-down. The purchase price for securities bought from dealers serving as market makers will similarly include the dealer's mark up or reflect a dealer's mark down. When a Fund executes transactions in the over-the-counter market, it will generally deal with primary market makers unless prices that are more favorable are otherwise obtainable.
In selecting brokers and dealers to execute portfolio transactions, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser may consider research and brokerage services furnished to the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or their affiliates. The Adviser or the Sub-Adviser may not consider sales of shares of the Funds as a factor in the selection of brokers and dealers, but may place portfolio transactions with brokers and dealers that promote or sell a Fund’s shares so long as such transactions are done in accordance with the policies and procedures established by the Trustees that are designed to ensure that the selection is based on the quality of execution and not on sales efforts. When placing portfolio transactions with a broker or dealer, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser may aggregate securities to be sold or purchased for the Funds with those to be sold or purchased for other advisory accounts managed by the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser. In aggregating such
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securities, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser will average the transaction as to price and will allocate available investments in a manner that the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser believes to be fair and reasonable to the Funds and such other advisory accounts. An aggregated order will generally be allocated on a pro rata basis among all participating accounts, based on the relative dollar values of the participating accounts, or using any other method deemed to be fair to the participating accounts, with any exceptions to such methods involving the Trust being reported to the Trustees.
Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act permits the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause the Funds to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by the broker or dealer. In addition to agency transactions, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser may receive brokerage and research services in connection with certain riskless principal transactions, in accordance with applicable SEC guidance. Brokerage and research services include: (1) furnishing advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; (2) furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, Fund strategy, and the performance of accounts; and (3) effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto (such as clearance, settlement, and custody). In the case of research services, the Adviser believes that access to independent investment research is beneficial to its investment decision-making processes and, therefore, to the Funds.
To the extent that research services may be a factor in selecting brokers, such services may be in written form or through direct contact with individuals and may include information as to particular companies and securities as well as market, economic, or institutional areas and information which assists in the valuation and pricing of investments. Examples of research-oriented services for which the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser might utilize Fund commissions include research reports and other information on the economy, industries, sectors, groups of securities, individual companies, statistical information, political developments, technical market action, pricing and appraisal services, credit analysis, risk measurement analysis, performance and other analysis. The Adviser or the Sub-Adviser may use research services furnished by brokers in servicing all client accounts and not all services may necessarily be used in connection with the account that paid commissions to the broker providing such services. Information so received by the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser will be in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by the Adviser or Sub-Adviser under their respective advisory agreements. Any advisory or other fees paid to the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser are not reduced as a result of the receipt of research services.
In some cases the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser may receive a service from a broker that has both a "research" and a "non-research" use. When this occurs, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser makes a good faith allocation, under all the circumstances, between the research and non-research uses of the service. The percentage of the service that is used for research purposes may be paid for with client commissions, while the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser will use its own funds to pay for the percentage of the service that is used for non-research purposes. In making this good faith allocation, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser faces a potential conflict of interest, but the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser believes that its allocation procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that it appropriately allocates the anticipated use of such services to their research and non-research uses.
From time to time, the Funds may purchase new issues of securities in a fixed price offering. In these situations, the seller may be a member of the selling group that will, in addition to selling securities, provide the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser with research services. FINRA has adopted rules expressly permitting these types of arrangements under certain circumstances. Generally, the seller will provide research "credits" in these situations at a rate that is higher than that which is available for typical secondary market transactions. These arrangements may not fall within the safe harbor of Section 28(e).
Brokerage with Fund Affiliates. The Funds may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Fund, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser for a commission in conformity with the 1940 Act, the 1934 Act and rules promulgated by the SEC. These rules further require that commissions paid to the affiliate by the Funds for exchange transactions not exceed "usual and customary" brokerage commissions. The rules define "usual and customary" commissions to include amounts which are "reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of
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time." The Trustees, including those who are not "interested persons" of the Funds, have adopted procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of commissions paid to affiliates and review these procedures periodically.
Securities of "Regular Broker-Dealers”. Each Fund is required to identify any securities of its "regular brokers and dealers" (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) which the Fund may hold at the close of its most recent fiscal year. Each Fund is newly formed and has not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES HOLDINGS
On each Business Day (as defined in the Creation and Redemption of Creation Units section of this SAI), prior to the opening of regular trading on the Funds’ primary listing exchange, the Funds disclose on their website (www.hedgeyeam.com) certain information relating to the portfolio holdings that will form the basis of the Funds’ next net asset value per share calculation.
In addition, certain information may also be made available to certain parties:
•Communications of Data Files: Each Fund may make available through the facilities of the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) or through posting on the Fund’s website, prior to the opening of trading on each business day, a list of the Fund’s holdings (generally pro-rata) that Authorized Participants could deliver to the Fund to settle purchases of the Fund (i.e. Deposit Securities) or that Authorized Participants would receive from the Fund to settle redemptions of the Fund (i.e. Fund Securities). These files are known as the Portfolio Composition Files and the Fund Data Files (collectively, “Files”). The Files are applicable for the next trading day and are provided to the NSCC and/or posted on the Funds’ website after the close of markets in the U.S.
•Communications with Authorized Participants and Liquidity Providers: Certain employees of the Adviser, Distributor and Custodian are responsible for interacting with Authorized Participants and liquidity providers with respect to discussing custom basket proposals as described in the Custom Baskets section of this SAI. As part of these discussions, these employees may discuss with an Authorized Participant or liquidity provider the securities each Fund is willing to accept for a creation, and securities that the Fund will provide on a redemption.
•The Adviser may also discuss portfolio holdings-related information with broker/dealers, in connection with settling each Fund’s transactions, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with the disclosure in the Funds’ current registration statement.
•Communications with Listing Exchanges: From time to time, employees of the Adviser, Distributor and/or Custodian may discuss portfolio holdings information with the applicable primary listing exchange for the Funds as needed to meet the exchange listing standards.
•Communication of Other Information: Certain explanatory information regarding the Files is released to Authorized Participants and liquidity providers on a daily basis, but is only done so after the Files are posted to the Funds’ website.
•Third-Party Service Providers: Certain portfolio holdings information may be disclosed to the Trustees and their counsel, outside counsel for the Funds, auditors and to certain third-party service providers (i.e., fund administrator, custodian, proxy voting service, and printers), as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with applicable policies, agreements with the Funds, the terms of the current registration statement and federal securities laws and regulations thereunder.
•Each Fund files its complete portfolio holdings schedule with the SEC on a quarterly basis. This schedule is filed with the Trust’s Form N-CSR for the second and fourth fiscal quarters and on Form N-PORT for the first and third fiscal quarters. Certain portfolio information is also included on Form N-PORT that is filed for the second and fourth fiscal quarters. The portfolio holdings information provided in these reports is as of the end of the respective quarter. Form N-CSR must be filed with the SEC no later than ten (10) calendar days after the Trust transmits its annual or semi-annual report to its shareholders. Form N-PORT must be filed with the SEC and will be made publicly available no later than sixty (60) calendar days after the end of the applicable quarter. These
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portfolio holdings schedules filed on Form N-CSR and Form N-PORT are posted to the Funds’ website no later than sixty (60) days following the fiscal quarters.
No consideration may be received by the Funds, the Adviser, or any other person in connection with the disclosure of portfolio information. The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer or his or her delegate may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings information pursuant to the above policy and procedures, subject to restrictions on selective disclosure imposed by applicable law. The Board reviews the policy and procedures for disclosure of portfolio holdings information at least annually.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
The Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust authorizes the Board to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest in the Trust and to classify or reclassify any unissued shares into one or more series of shares. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust further authorizes the trustees to classify or reclassify any series of shares into one or more classes. The Trust’s shares of beneficial interest have no par value.
Each Fund is authorized to issue one class of shares imposing no front-end or deferred sales charges, no 12b-1 fee and no service fee.
Shares have no preemptive rights and only such conversion or exchange rights as the Board may grant in its discretion. When issued for payment as described in the applicable prospectus, shares will be fully paid and non-assessable. In the event of a liquidation or dissolution of the Trust or an individual fund, shareholders of a fund are entitled to receive the assets available for distribution belonging to the particular fund, and a proportionate distribution, based upon the relative asset values of the respective fund, of any general assets of the Trust not belonging to any particular fund which are available for distribution.
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held, and a proportionate fractional vote for each fractional share held and will vote in the aggregate and not by class, except as otherwise expressly required by law or when the Board determines that the matter to be voted on affects only the interests of shareholders of a particular class. Voting rights are not cumulative and, accordingly, the holders of more than 50% of the aggregate of the Trust’s outstanding shares may elect all of the trustees, irrespective of the votes of other shareholders.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required to be submitted to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Trust shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of each fund affected by the matter. A particular fund is deemed to be affected by a matter unless it is clear that the interests of each fund in the matter are substantially identical or that the matter does not affect any interest of the fund. Under the Rule, the approval of an investment management agreement or any change in an investment objective, if fundamental, or in a fundamental investment policy would be effectively acted upon with respect to a fund only if approved by a majority of the outstanding shares of such fund. However, the Rule also provides that the ratification of the appointment of independent public accountants, the approval of principal underwriting contracts and the election of trustees may be effectively acted upon by shareholders of the Trust voting without regard to series or class.
The Trust does not presently intend to hold annual meetings of shareholders except as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law. Upon the written request of shareholders owning at least 25% of the Trust’s shares, the Trust will call for a meeting of shareholders to consider the removal of one or more trustees and other certain matters. To the extent required by law, the Trust will assist in shareholder communication in such matters.
The Board has full power and authority, in its sole discretion, and without obtaining shareholder approval, to divide or combine the shares of any class or series thereof into a greater or lesser number, to classify or reclassify any issued shares or any class or series thereof into one or more classes or series of shares, and to take such other action with respect to the Trust’s shares as the Board may deem desirable. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust authorizes the Trustees, without shareholder approval, to cause the Trust to merge or to consolidate with any corporation,
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association, trust or other organization in order to change the form of organization and/or domicile of the Trust or to sell or exchange all or substantially all of the assets of the Trust, or any series or class thereof, in dissolution of the Trust, or any series or class thereof. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust permits the termination of the Trust or of any series or class of the Trust by the Trustees without shareholder approval. However, the exercise of such authority by the Board without shareholder approval may be subject to certain restrictions or limitations under the 1940 Act.
PROXY VOTING
The Board of Trustees of the Trust has delegated responsibility for decisions regarding proxy voting for securities held by each Fund to the Adviser or Sub-Adviser. The Adviser or Sub-Adviser will vote such proxies in accordance with its proxy voting policies and procedures, which are included in Exhibit B to this SAI. The Board of Trustees will periodically review each Fund’s proxy voting record. The proxy voting policies and procedures of the Trust are included as Exhibit A to this SAI.
The Trust is required to disclose annually each Fund’s complete proxy voting record on Form N-PX. Any material changes to the proxy policies and procedures will be submitted to the Board for approval. Information regarding how each Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities for the most recent 12-month period ending June 30, will be available (1) without charge, upon request by calling 888-711-8292 or by writing to the Fund at 8730 Stony Point Parkway, Suite 205, Richmond, Virginia 23235; (2) on or through the Funds’ website at www.hedgeyeam.com; and (3) on the SEC’s Internet website at http://www.sec.gov.
CODES OF ETHICS
The Board of Trustees, on behalf of the Trust, has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. In addition, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Administrator have each adopted Codes of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1. These Codes of Ethics apply to the personal investing activities of trustees, officers and certain employees (“access persons”). Rule 17j-1 and the Codes of Ethics are designed to prevent unlawful practices in connection with the purchase or sale of securities by access persons. Under each Code of Ethics, access persons are permitted to engage in personal securities transactions, but are required to report their personal securities transactions for monitoring purposes. The personnel subject to the Codes are permitted to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. In addition, certain access persons are required to obtain approval before investing in initial public offerings or private placements, or are prohibited from making such investments. Copies of these Codes of Ethics are on file with the SEC, and are available to the public on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet website at http://www.sec.gov.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Funds are new and do not have audited financial statements at this time. Upon completion of the Funds' first fiscal period/year, audited financial statements will become available.
Hedgeye Funds
8730 Stony Point Parkway, Suite 205
Richmond, Virginia 23235
Telephone: 888-711-8292
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EXHIBIT A
ETF OPPORTUNITIES TRUST
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
The ETF Opportunities Trust (the “Trust”) is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”). The Trust offers multiple series (each a “Fund” and, collectively, the “Funds”). Consistent with its fiduciary duties and pursuant to Rule 30b1-4 under the 1940 Act (the “Proxy Rule”), the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) has adopted this proxy voting policy on behalf of the Trust (the “Policy”) to reflect its commitment to ensure that proxies are voted in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Funds’ shareholders.
Delegation of Proxy Voting Authority to Fund Advisers
The Board believes that the investment adviser, or the investment sub-adviser as appropriate, of each Fund (each an “Adviser”), as the entity that selects the individual securities that comprise its Fund’s portfolio, is the most knowledgeable and best-suited to make decisions on how to vote proxies of portfolio companies held by that Fund. The Trust shall therefore defer to, and rely on, the Adviser of each Fund to make decisions on how to cast proxy votes on behalf of such Fund.
The Trust hereby designates the Adviser of each Fund as the entity responsible for exercising proxy voting authority with regard to securities held in the Fund’s investment portfolio. Consistent with its duties under this Policy, each Adviser shall monitor and review corporate transactions of corporations in which the Fund has invested, obtain all information sufficient to allow an informed vote on all proxy solicitations, ensure that all proxy votes are cast in a timely fashion, and maintain all records required to be maintained by the Fund under the Proxy Rule and the 1940 Act. Each Adviser shall perform these duties in accordance with the Adviser’s proxy voting policy, a copy of which shall be presented to this Board for its review. Each Adviser shall promptly provide to the Board updates to its proxy voting policy as they are adopted and implemented.
Conflict of Interest Transactions
In some instances, an Adviser may be asked to cast a proxy vote that presents a conflict between the interests of a Fund’s shareholders and those of the Adviser or an affiliated person of the Adviser. In such case, the Adviser is instructed to abstain from making a voting decision and to forward all necessary proxy voting materials to the Trust to enable the Board to make a voting decision. When the Board is required to make a proxy voting decision, only the Trustees without a conflict of interest with regard to the security in question or the matter to be voted upon shall be permitted to participate in the decision of how the Fund’s vote will be cast. In the event that the Board is required to vote a proxy because an Adviser has a conflict of interest with respect to the proxy, the Board will vote such proxy in accordance with the Adviser’s proxy voting policy, to the extent consistent with the shareholders’ best interests, as determined by the Board in its discretion. The Board shall notify the Adviser of its final decision on the matter and the Adviser shall vote in accordance with the Board’s decision.
Availability of Proxy Voting Policy and Records Available to Fund Shareholders
If a Fund has a website, the Fund may post a copy of its Adviser’s proxy voting policy and this Policy on such website. Effective July 1, 2024, a Fund shall make publicly available its most recently filed report on Form N-PX on or through its website as soon as reasonably practicable after filing the report with the Commission. The information disclosed on Form N-PX shall be in a readable format. In addition, a copy of such policies and of each Fund’s proxy voting record shall also be made available, without charge, upon request of any shareholder of the Fund, by calling the applicable Fund’s toll-free telephone number as printed in the Fund’s prospectus. The Trust’s administrator shall reply to any Fund shareholder request within three business days of receipt of the request, by first-class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery.
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Each Adviser shall provide a complete voting record, as required by the Proxy Rule, for each series of the Trust for which it acts as adviser, to the Trust’s administrator within 30 days following the end of each 12-month period ending June 30. The Trust’s administrator will file a report based on such record on Form N-PX on an annual basis with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission no later than August 31st of each year.
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EXHIBIT B
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES –TIDAL INVESTMENTS , LLC
Proxy Voting
1.General
As a fiduciary, an investment adviser with proxy voting authority has a duty to monitor corporate events and to vote proxies, as well as a duty to cast votes in the best interest of clients and not subrogate client interests to its own interests. Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act (the “Proxy Voting Rule”) places specific requirements on registered investment advisers with proxy voting authority. Because the Company has discretionary authority over the securities held by the Exchange Traded Funds that it manages as well as various other advisory Client accounts, the Company is viewed as having proxy voting authority and is subject to the Proxy Voting Rule. To meet the obligations under this rule, the Company has adopted and implemented policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure the Company votes proxies in the best interest of its Clients and addresses how it will resolve any conflict of interest that may arise when voting proxies. Additionally, the Company will: (i) maintain certain records required to be maintained by the Proxy Voting Rule relating to all voted proxies; (ii) disclose its proxy voting policies and procedures to Clients and upon request providing Clients with a copy of it; and (iii) inform Clients as to how they can obtain information from the Company as to how their securities were voted.
The Company has adopted the following Proxy Voting Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) in an effort to comply with the Proxy Voting Rule.
The Portfolio Managers and the Chief Compliance Officer (or their Designated Persons) will generally adhere to the following procedures (subject to limited exception):
a.A written record of each proxy received by the Adviser will be maintained in the Adviser’s files;
b.The Portfolio Management Team (or designee) will determine which of the Advisory Clients hold the security to which the proxy relates;
c.Confirm that the proxy materials received relate to the correct number of shares, as of the record date;
d.Confirm if there are any conflicts of interest related to the proxy in question in accordance with the general guidelines below. If a conflict is identified, the Portfolio Managers and the Chief Compliance Officer together will make a determination as to whether the conflict is material.
e.If the conflict is not material, the Adviser will proceed to vote the proxy. The Adviser also has the flexibility to abstain from a particular proxy vote if doing so would be in the best interests of the Clients, taking into account associated costs, benefits, and interests of the Clients.
The Company may retain a third party to assist it in coordinating and voting proxies with respect to Client securities (which may include the Client’s prime broker(s)). If so, the Chief Compliance Officer shall monitor the third party to assure that all proxies are being properly voted and appropriate records are being retained. The Company bases its voting decisions on its policy guidelines which are driven by considerations of the best interests of its Clients and mutual fund shareholders. The Company will generally vote in favor of management positions however they must coincide with the best interests of its Clients and fund shareholders.
Policy with Respect to Mutual Funds
With regards to mutual funds, the Firm is the Adviser of the ATAC Rotation Fund and, as such, acts as a fiduciary of the Fund and shall vote the proxies of the Fund’s portfolio securities in a manner consistent with the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders. Proxy voting will also adhere to the MPS’s Proxy Voting Policy which delegates the responsibility of
45
voting proxies on behalf of the Fund to the Advisor. With regards to any conflict of interest, the Firm will always vote in favor of the Fund.
2.Conflicts of Interest
As stated above, in evaluating how to vote a proxy, the Adviser will first determine whether there is a conflict of interest related to the proxy in question between the Adviser and the Advisory Clients.
This examination will include (but will not be limited to) an evaluation of whether the Adviser (or any affiliate of the Adviser) has any relationship with the company (or an affiliate of the company) to which the proxy relates outside an investment in such company by an Advisory Client managed by the Adviser
If a conflict is identified and deemed to be material, the Adviser will generally seek to mitigate the conflict by either appointing an independent third party to vote the proxy or disclosing the conflict to affected Advisory Clients and/or Investors.
3.Recordkeeping
Pursuant to the Proxy Voting Rule, the Company shall retain the following five (5) types of records relating to proxy voting: (i) proxy voting policy and procedures, including any proxy advisory firm’s proxy voting policy and procedures; (ii) proxy statements received for Client securities; (iii) records of votes cast on behalf of Clients; (iv) written Client requests for proxy voting information and written adviser responses to any Client request (whether oral or written) for proxy voting information; and (v) any documents prepared by the Company that were material to making a proxy voting decision or that memorialized the basis for the decision.
These records shall be maintained and preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than six (6) years from the end of the Company’s fiscal year during which the last entry was made in the records, the first two (2) years in an appropriate office of the Company. The Company may rely on proxy statements filed on the SEC’s EDGAR system or on proxy statements and records of votes cast by the Company maintained by a third party, such as a proxy voting service (provided the Company had obtained an undertaking from the third party to provide a copy of the proxy statement or record promptly on request). The CCO is responsible for ensuring all Clients, who have given the Company proxy voting authority, are voted and for maintaining a record of all proxies voted.
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EXHIBIT C
NOMINATING AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE CHARTER
ETF OPPORTUNITIES TRUST
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Membership
1The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of ETF Opportunities Trust, World Funds Trust, Precidian ETFs Trust and Yorkville America Investment Trust (each a “Trust” and collectively, the “Trusts”) shall be composed entirely of Independent Trustees.
Board Nominations and Functions
1The Committee shall make nominations for Trustee membership on the Boards of Trustees (the “Boards”) of each Trust , including the Independent Trustees. The Committee shall evaluate candidates’ qualifications for Board membership and their independence from the investment advisers to the Trust’s series portfolios and the Trust’s other principal service providers. Persons selected as Independent Trustees must not be “interested person” as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”), nor shall Independent Trustee have any affiliations or associations that shall preclude them from voting as an Independent Trustee on matters involving approvals and continuations of Rule 12b-1 Plans, Investment Advisory Agreements and such other standards as the Committee shall deem appropriate. The Committee shall also consider the effect of any relationships beyond those delineated in the 1940 Act that might impair independence, e.g., business, financial or family relationships with managers or service providers. See Appendix A for Procedures with Respect to Nominees to the Boards.
2The Committee shall periodically review Board governance procedures and shall recommend any appropriate changes to the full Boards of Trustees.
3The Committee shall periodically review the composition of the Board of Trustees to determine whether it may be appropriate to add individuals with different backgrounds or skill sets from those already on the Boards.
4The Committee shall periodically review trustee compensation and shall recommend any appropriate changes to the Independent Trustees as a group.
Committee Nominations and Functions
1The Committee shall make nominations for membership on all committees and shall review committee assignments at least annually.
2The Committee shall review, as necessary, the responsibilities of any committees of the Boards, whether there is a continuing need for each committee, whether there is a need for additional committees of the Boards, and whether committees should be combined or reorganized. The Committee shall make recommendations for any such action to the full Boards.
Other Powers and Responsibilities
1The Committee shall have the resources and authority appropriate to discharge its responsibilities, including authority to retain special counsel and other experts or consultants at the expense of each Trust.
2The Committee shall prepare and keep minutes of its meetings and document decisions made outside of its meetings by delegated authority.
3The Committee shall review this Charter periodically as needed and recommend any changes to the full Boards of Trustees.
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APPENDIX A TO THE NOMINATING AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE CHARTER
ETF OPPORTUNITIES TRUST
PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO NOMINEES TO THE BOARD
1.Identification of Candidates. When a vacancy on the Boards of Trustees exists or is anticipated, and such vacancy is to be filled by an Independent Trustee, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee shall identify candidates by obtaining referrals from such sources as it may deem appropriate, which may include current Trustees, management of each Trust, counsel and other advisors to the Trustees, and shareholders of each Trust who submit recommendations in accordance with these procedures. In no event shall the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consider as a candidate to fill any such vacancy an individual recommended by any investment adviser of any series portfolio of each Trust, unless the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has invited management to make such a recommendation.
2.Shareholder Candidates. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee shall, when identifying candidates for the position of Independent Trustee, consider any such candidate recommended by a shareholder if such recommendation contains: (i) sufficient background information concerning the candidate, including evidence the candidate is willing to serve as an Independent Trustee if selected for the position; and (ii) is received in a sufficiently timely manner as determined by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee in its discretion. Shareholders shall be directed to address any such recommendations in writing to the attention of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, c/o the Secretary of each Trust. The Secretary shall retain copies of any shareholder recommendations which meet the foregoing requirements for a period of not more than 12 months following receipt. The Secretary shall have no obligation to acknowledge receipt of any shareholder recommendations.
3.Evaluation of Candidates. In evaluating a candidate for a position on the Boards of Trustees, including any candidate recommended by shareholders of each Trust, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee shall consider the following: (i) the candidate’s knowledge in matters relating to the mutual fund industry; (ii) any experience possessed by the candidate as a director or senior officer of public companies; (iii) the candidate’s educational background; (iv) the candidate’s reputation for high ethical standards and professional integrity; (v) any specific financial, technical or other expertise possessed by the candidate, and the extent to which such expertise would complement the Boards’ existing mix of skills, core competencies and qualifications; (vi) the candidate’s perceived ability to contribute to the ongoing functions of the Boards, including the candidate’s ability and commitment to attend meetings regularly and work collaboratively with other members of the Boards; (vii) the candidate’s ability to qualify as an Independent Trustee and any other actual or potential conflicts of interest involving the candidate and each Trust; and (viii) such other factors as the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee determines to be relevant in light of the existing composition of the Boards and any anticipated vacancies. Prior to making a final recommendation to the Boards, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee shall conduct personal interviews with those candidates it concludes are the most qualified candidates.
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OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28. Exhibits
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| (c) | Articles IV, VII and VIII of the Declaration of Trust, Exhibit 28(a)(2) above, define the rights of holders of the securities being registered. (Certificates for shares are not issued.) | |||||||
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| (d)(21) | Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and REX Advisers, LLC dated August 15, 2023, September 27, 2023, February 21, 2024, September 25, 2024, March 11, 2025, and May 1, 2025 is herein incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 325 on Form N-1A filed on July 28, 2025. | |||||||
| (d)(22) | Amended Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and REX Advisers, LLC * | |||||||
| (d)(23) | ||||||||
| (d)(24) | Amended Sub-Advisory Agreement between REX Advisers, LLC and Vident Asset Management * | |||||||
| (d)(25) | Sub- Advisory Agreement between REX Advisers, LLC and Tuttle Capital Management, LLC on behalf of the T-REX 3X ETFs and T-REX 4X ETFs * | |||||||
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| (d)(37) | Amended Management Agreement between T-REX (Cayman) Portfolios SPC (a Cayman Islands exempted company) and REX Advisers, LLC dated October 18, 2024 as amended March 18, 2025 is herein incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 303 on Form N-1A filed on June 27, 2025. | |||||||
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| (d)(40) | Sub-Advisory Agreement between Hedgeye Asset Management, LLC and Brightside Capital USA Advisors Corp. * | |||||||
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| (e)(19) | Amendment to the ETF Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Foreside Fund Services, LLC * | |||||||
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| (f) | Not applicable. | |||||||
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| (g)(23) | Amendment to Global Custodial and Agency Services Agreement between the Registrant and Citibank, N.A. * | |||||||
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| (g)(71) | Amendment to the Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC * | |||||||
| (g)(72) | Amendment to the Transfer Agent Services Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC * | |||||||
| (g)(73) | Master Custody Service Agreement between the Registrant and Anchorage Digital Bank N.A. on behalf of the GSR Crypto Core3 ETF, the GSR Crypto StakingMax ETF, GSR Ethereum Staking Opportunities ETF and GSR Ethereum YieldEdge ETF.* | |||||||
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| (h)(8) | Amended Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Commonwealth Fund Services, Inc. on behalf of the funds advised by Tuttle Capital Management LLC * | |||||||
| (h)(9) | Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Commonwealth Fund Services, Inc. dated June 20, 2023 as amended May 1, 2025 on behalf of the funds advised by REX Advisers, LLC is herein incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 325 on Form N-1A filed on July 28, 2025. | |||||||
| (h)(10) | Amended Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Commonwealth Fund Services, Inc. dated _________ on behalf of the funds advised by REX Advisers, LLC * | |||||||
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(h)(44) | Amendment No. 30 to the Services Agreement (Fund Accounting services) between the Registrant, Citi Fund Services, Ohio, Inc. and Citibank, N.A.* | |||||||
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| (h)(90) | Amendment to the ETF Fund Accounting Services Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC * | |||||||
| (h)(91) | Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC * | |||||||
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| (h)(96) | Fund of Funds Investment Agreement Pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 between the Registrant and Volatility Shares ETF Trust on behalf of the REX-OspreyTM ETH + Staking ETF and REX-OspreyTM SOL + Staking ETF is herein incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 324 on Form N-1A filed on July 25, 2025. | |||||||
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| (i)(12) | Consent of Counsel for the WealthTrust DBS Long Term Growth ETF is herein incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment n o. 484 on Form N-1A filed on November 26, 2025. | |||||||
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| (i)(15) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of securities registered with respect to the Tuttle Capital 2X DBMF ETF * | |||||||
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| (i)(40) | ||||||||
| (i)(41) | ||||||||
| (i)(42) | ||||||||
| (i)(43) | ||||||||
| (i)(44) | ||||||||
| (i)(45) | ||||||||
| (i)(46) | ||||||||
| (i)(47) | ||||||||
| (i)(48) | ||||||||
| (i)(49) | ||||||||
| (i)(50) | ||||||||
| (i)(51) | ||||||||
| (i)(52) | ||||||||
| (i)(53) | ||||||||
| (i)(54) | ||||||||
| (i)(55) | ||||||||
| (i)(56) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares registered with respect to the Tuttle Capital AI Powered ETFs * | |||||||
| (i)(57) | ||||||||
| (i)(58) | ||||||||
| (i)(59) | ||||||||
| (i)(60) | ||||||||
| (i)(61) | ||||||||
| (i)(62) | ||||||||
| (i)(63) | ||||||||
| (i)(64) | ||||||||
| (i)(65) | ||||||||
| (i)(66) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares registered with respect to the Tuttle Capital 1X Inverse Volatility ETF and Tuttle Capital 2X Inverse Volatility ETF * | |||||||
| (i)(67) | ||||||||
| (i)(68) | ||||||||
| (i)(69) | ||||||||
| (i)(70) | ||||||||
| (i)(71) | ||||||||
| (i)(72) | ||||||||
| (i)(73) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares registered with respect to the T-REX 2X TRON Daily Target ETF * | |||||||
| (i)(74) | ||||||||
| (i)(75) | ||||||||
| (i)(76) | ||||||||
| (i)(77) | ||||||||
| (i)(78) | ||||||||
| (i)(79) | ||||||||
| (i)(80) | ||||||||
| (i)(81) | ||||||||
| (i)(82) | ||||||||
| (i)(83) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the REX-Osprey™ BNB +Staking ETF * | |||||||
| (i)(84) | ||||||||
| (i)(85) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the Tuttle Capital Quantum Computing Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital Drone Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital AI Infrastructure Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital Nuclear Power Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital AI Emerging Leaders Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital Crypto Treasury Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital AI Healthcare Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital Agentic AI Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital Emerging Markets AI Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital Ethereum Income Blast ETF and Tuttle Capital IBIT Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital SOL Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital XRP Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital DOGE Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital Cardano Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital Chainlink Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital BNB Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital AVAX Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital Bonk Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital Litecoin Income Blast ETF and Tuttle Capital SUI Income Blast ETF * | |||||||
| (i)(86) | ||||||||
| (i)(87) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long KLAR Daily Target ETF * | |||||||
| (i)(88) | ||||||||
| (i)(89) | ||||||||
| (i)(90) | ||||||||
| (i)(91) | ||||||||
| (i)(92) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long ASST Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long ABTC Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long BNC Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long BTDR Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long CANG Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long CAVA Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long CELH Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long CHWY Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long CLS Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long CORZ Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long DNUT Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long EMPD Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long EOSE Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long ETHM Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long FRMM Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long GPRO Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long GTLS Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long ICHR Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long ICLR Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long IREN Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long KSS Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long MBLY Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long MEIP Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long NVTS Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long OPEN Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long POOL Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long PTON Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long SUIG Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long TMUS Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long TONX Daily Target ETF, and T-REX 2X Long VEEV Daily Target ETF * | |||||||
| (i)(93) | ||||||||
| (i)(94) | ||||||||
| (i)(95) | ||||||||
| (i)(96) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the REX-Osprey™ ADA + Staking ETF, REX-Osprey™ AAVE ETF, REX-Osprey™ ATOM + Staking ETF, REX-Osprey™ AVAX + Staking ETF, REX-Osprey™ BCH ETF, REX-Osprey™ CRO + Staking ETF, REX-Osprey™ DOT + Staking ETF, REX-Osprey™ ENA ETF, REX-Osprey™ HBAR ETF, REX-Osprey™ HYPE + Staking ETF, REX-Osprey™ INJ + Staking ETF, REX-Osprey™ LINK ETF, REX-Osprey™ LTC ETF, REX-Osprey™ NEAR + Staking ETF, REX-Osprey™ OKB ETF, REX-Osprey™ SEI + Staking ETF, REX-Osprey™ SUI + Staking ETF, REX-Osprey™ TAO + Staking ETF, REX-Osprey™ TRX + Staking ETF, REX-Osprey™ UNI ETF, and REX-Osprey™ XLM ETF * | |||||||
| (i)(97) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 3X ETFs * | |||||||
| (i)(98) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the Tuttle Capital Permanent Portfolio 2.0 ETF * | |||||||
| (i)(99) | ||||||||
| (i)(100) | ||||||||
| (i)(101) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long ABAT Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long ALB Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long BTG Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long BITF Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long CRML Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long DVLT Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long ENVX Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long GSIT Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long LAC Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long LAES Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long LYSDY Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long NAVN Daily Target ETF, and T-REX 2X Long QSI Daily Target ETF * | |||||||
| (i)(102) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the REX-OspreyTM Top 10 Crypto Index ETF, REX-OspreyTM Top 10 Ex-BTC Crypto Index ETF, REX-OspreyTM Top 10 Capped Weightings Crypto Index ETF, and REX-OspreyTM Crypto Yield ETF * | |||||||
| (i)(103) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the Tuttle Capital MSTR Crypto Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital NVDA Crypto Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital COIN Crypto Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital TSLA Crypto Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital PLTR Crypto Blast ETF, and Tuttle Capital HOOD Crypto Blast ETF * | |||||||
| (i)(104) | ||||||||
| (i)(105) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the REX-OspreyTM Canton Coin ETF * | |||||||
| (i)(106) | ||||||||
| (i)(107) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the Hedgeye Brightside Family Office ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(108) | ||||||||
| (i)(109) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the Tuttle Capital Ultra Income Blast ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(110) | ||||||||
| (i)(111) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 3X Long IREN Daily Target ETF, T-REX 3X Long LITE Daily Target ETF and T-REX 3X Long SNDK Daily Target ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(112) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 4X Long AMD Daily Target ETF, T-REX 4X Long AMZN Daily Target ETF, T-REX 4X Long AVGO Daily Target ETF, T-REX 4X Long COIN Daily Target ETF, T-REX 4X Long GOOG Daily Target ETF, T-REX 4X Long META Daily Target ETF, T-REX 4X Long MSFT Daily Target ETF, T-REX 4X Long NVDA Daily Target ETF, T-REX 4X Long PLTR Daily Target ETF, and T-REX 4X Long TSLA Daily Target ETF* | |||||||
| (i)(113) | ||||||||
| (i)(114) | ||||||||
| (i)(115) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the Tuttle Capital SPY 0DTE Income and Hedge ETF and the Tuttle Capital Innovation 100 0DTE Income and Hedge ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(116) | ||||||||
| (i)(117) | ||||||||
| (i)(118) | ||||||||
| (i)(119) | ||||||||
| (i)(120) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the Tuttle Capital SpaceX 0DTE Covered Call ETF, Tuttle Capital Anthropic 0DTE Covered Call ETF, Tuttle Capital Open AI 0DTE Covered Call ETF, Tuttle Capital Anduril 0DTE Covered Call ETF, and Tuttle Capital Figure AI 0DTE Covered Call ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(121) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the Tuttle Capital SpaceX Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital Anthropic Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital Open AI Income Blast ETF, Tuttle Capital Anduril Income Blast ETF, and Tuttle Capital Figure AI Income Blast ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(122) | ||||||||
| (i)(123) | ||||||||
| (i)(124) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long Anduril Daily Target ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(125) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long Anthropic Daily Target ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(126) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long Figure AI Daily Target ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(127) | ||||||||
| (i)(128) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T Strive Digital Credit ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(129) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long Viva Republica Daily Target ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(130) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long AKAM Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long CIEN Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long DOCN Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long FSLY Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long JBL Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long TER Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long TSEM Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long VIAV Daily Target ETF, and T-REX 2X Long VSAT Daily Target ETF is herein incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 906 on Form N-1A filed on July 22, 2026. | |||||||
| (i)(131) | ||||||||
| (i)(132) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long DRNZ Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long EUAD Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long KOID Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long ROBO Daily Target ETF, and T-REX 2X Long XOVR Daily Target ETF. * | |||||||
| (i)(133) | ||||||||
| (i)(134) | ||||||||
| (i)(135) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Inverse DRAM Daily Target ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(136) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the Tuttle Capital Magnificent 10 ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(137) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long AMBQ Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long BW Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long GFS Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long INFY Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long PSIX Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long PUMP Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long SEI Daily Target ETF and T-REX 2X Long SHAZ Daily Target ETF* | |||||||
| (i)(138) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long OpenAI Daily Target ETF* | |||||||
| (i)(139) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long Quantinuum Daily Target ETF* | |||||||
| (i)(140) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long Kioxia Daily Target ETF* | |||||||
| (i)(141) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long AADX Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long AMBA Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long BRUN Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long MOD Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long MTSI Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long VPG Daily Target ETF and T-REX 2X Inverse MU Daily Target ETF* | |||||||
| (i)(142) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the Hedgeye Hedged Bitcoin ETF* | |||||||
| (i)(143) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X inverse Anduril Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Inverse Anthropic Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Inverse Discord Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Inverse Figure AI Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Inverse OpenAI Daily Target ETF, and T-REX 2X Inverse Quantinuum Daily Target ETF* | |||||||
| (i)(144) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long MANGOS Daily Target ETF* | |||||||
| (i)(145) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long AGLT Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long RUN Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Long SEDG Daily Target ETF, T-REX 2X Inverse MRVL Daily Target ETF, and T-REX 2X Inverse SK Hynix Daily Target ETF* | |||||||
| (i)(146) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long VSH Daily Target ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(147) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long MLCC Daily Target ETF and T-REX 2X Inverse MLCC Daily Target ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(148) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the T-REX 2X Long Murata Daily Target ETF and T-REX 2X Inverse Murata Daily Target ETF.* | |||||||
| (i)(149 ) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel regarding legality of shares with respect to the Hedgeye Democratic Party ETF and Hedgeye Republican Party ETF.* | |||||||
| (j)(1) | ||||||||
| (j)(2) | ||||||||
| (j)(3) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on behalf of the Applied Finance Valuation Large Cap ETF, Applied Finance IVS US SMID ETF, Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF is herein incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 751 on Form N-1A filed on April 27, 2026. | |||||||
| (j)(4) | ||||||||
| (j)(5) | ||||||||
| (j)(6) | ||||||||
| (j)(7) | ||||||||
| (j)(8) | ||||||||
| (j)(9) | ||||||||
| (j)(10) | ||||||||
| (j)(11) | ||||||||
| (j)(12) | ||||||||
| (j)(13) | ||||||||
| (j)(14) | ||||||||
| (j)(15) | ||||||||
| (j)(16) | ||||||||
| (j)(17) | ||||||||
| (j)(18) | ||||||||
| (j)(19) | ||||||||
| (j)(20) | ||||||||
| (j)(21) | ||||||||
| (j)(22) | ||||||||
| (j)(23) | ||||||||
| (j)(24) | ||||||||
| (j)(25) | ||||||||
| (j)(26) | ||||||||
| (j)(27) | ||||||||
| (l) | ||||||||
| (m)(1) | ||||||||
| (m)(2) | ||||||||
| (m)(3) | ||||||||
| (m)(4) | Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for funds advised by Tuttle Capital Management, LLC * | |||||||
| (m)(5) | ||||||||
| (m)(6) | Distribution Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for funds advised by REX Advisers, LLC * | |||||||
| (m)(7) | ||||||||
| (m)(8) | ||||||||
| (m)(9) | ||||||||
| (m)(10) | ||||||||
| (m)(11) | ||||||||
| (m)(12) | ||||||||
| (m)(13) | ||||||||
| (m)(14) | ||||||||
| (m)(15) | ||||||||
| (m)(16) | ||||||||
| (n)(1) | Rule 18f-3 Multi-Class Plan. Not applicable. | |||||||
| (o) | Reserved. | |||||||
| (p)(1) | ||||||||
| (p)(2) | ||||||||
| (p)(3) | ||||||||
| (p)(4) | ||||||||
| (p)(5) | ||||||||
| (p)(6) | ||||||||
| (p)(7) | ||||||||
| (p)(8) | ||||||||
| (p)(9) | ||||||||
| (p)(10) | ||||||||
| (p)(11) | ||||||||
| (p)(12) | ||||||||
| (p)(13) | ||||||||
(p)(14) | ||||||||
| (p)(15) | ||||||||
| (p)(16) | ||||||||
| (p)(17) | ||||||||
| (p)(18) | ||||||||
| (p)(19) | ||||||||
| (p)(20) | ||||||||
| (p)(21) | ||||||||
| (p)(22) | ||||||||
| (p)(23) | ||||||||
| (p)(24) | ||||||||
| (q) | ||||||||
| * | Certain exhibits relate only to Series that have not yet commenced operations. Such exhibits will be filed in a subsequent amendment corresponding to the launch of each applicable Series. | |||||||
Item 29. Persons Controlled By or Under Common Control With Registrant
The REX-Osprey™ SOL + Staking ETF, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls REX-Osprey™ SOL (Cayman) Portfolio S.P. (the “SOL Subsidiary”), an exempt company organized under the laws of Cayman Islands. The SOL Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the REX-Osprey™ SOL + Staking ETF’s report filed on Form N-CSR.
The REX-Osprey™ ETH + Staking ETF, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls REX-Osprey™ ETH ETF (Cayman) Portfolio S.P. (the “ETH Subsidiary”), an exempt company organized under the laws of Cayman Islands. The ETH Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the REX-Osprey™ ETH + Staking ETF’s report filed on Form N-CSR.
The REX-Osprey™ XRP ETF, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls REX-Osprey™ XRP ETF (Cayman) Portfolio S.P. (the “XRP Subsidiary”), an exempt company organized under the laws of Cayman Islands. The XRP Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the REX-Osprey™ XRP ETF’s report filed on Form N-CSR.
The REX-Osprey™ DOGE ETF, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls REX-Osprey™ DOGE (Cayman) Portfolio S.P. (the “DOGE Subsidiary”), an exempt company organized under the laws of Cayman Islands. The DOGE Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the REX-Osprey™ DOGE ETF’s report filed on Form N-CSR.
The IDX Alternative FIAT ETF, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls IDX Alternative FIAT (Cayman) Portfolio S.P. (the “IDX Subsidiary”), an exempt company organized under the laws of Cayman Islands. The IDX Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the IDX Alternative FIAT ETF’s report filed on Form N-CSR.
The T-REX 2X Long XRP Daily Target ETF, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls T-REX 2X Long XRP Daily Target (Cayman) Portfolio S.P. (the “T-REX 2X Long XRP Subsidiary”), an exempt company organized under the laws of Cayman Islands. The T-REX 2X Long XRP Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the T-REX 2X Long XRP Daily Target ETF’s report filed on Form N-CSR.
The T-REX 2X Long SOL Daily Target ETF, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls T-REX 2X Long XRP Daily Target (Cayman) Portfolio S.P. (the “T-REX 2X Long SOL Subsidiary”), an exempt company organized under the laws of
Cayman Islands. The T-REX 2X Long SOL Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the T-REX 2X Long SOL Daily Target ETF’s report filed on Form N-CSR.
The GSR Crypto Core3 ETF, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls GSR Crypto Core3 (Cayman) Portfolio S.P. (the “GSR Crypto Core3 Subsidiary”), an exempt company organized under the laws of Cayman Islands. The GSR Crypto Core3 Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the GSR Crypto Core3 ETF’s report filed on Form N-CSR.
The Porter & Company Permanent Portfolio Index ETF, a series of the Registrant, wholly owns and controls Porter & Company Permanent Portfolio Index (Cayman) Portfolio S.P. (the “Porter & Company Permanent Portfolio Subsidiary”), an exempt company organized under the laws of Cayman Islands. The Porter & Company Permanent Portfolio Subsidiary’s financial statements will be included on a consolidated basis in the Porter & Company Permanent Portfolio Index ETF’s report filed on Form N-CSR.
Item 30. Indemnification
See Article VIII, Section 2 of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the section titled “Indemnification of Trustees, Officers, Employees and Other Agents” in the Registrant’s By-Laws.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the Declaration of Trust or otherwise, the Registrant is aware that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and, therefore, is unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by trustees, officers or controlling persons of the Registrant in connection with the successful defense of any act, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustees, officers or controlling persons in connection with the shares being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issues.
Item 31. Business and other Connections of the Investment Adviser
The description of the Investment Adviser is found under the caption “Management,” “The Investment Adviser” in the Prospectus and under the caption “Investment Adviser” in the Statement of Additional Information constituting Parts A and B, respectively, of this Registration Statement, which are incorporated by reference herein. The Investment Adviser may provide investment advisory services to persons or entities other than the Registrant.
Item 32. Foreside Fund Services, LLC and PINE Distributors LLC
Item 32(a) Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Foreside”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:
1. AB Active ETFs, Inc.
2. ABS Long/Short Strategies Fund
3. ActivePassive Core Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
4. ActivePassive Intermediate Municipal Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
5. ActivePassive International Equity ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
6. ActivePassive U.S. Equity ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
7. AdvisorShares Trust
8. AFA Private Credit Fund
9. AGF Investments Trust
10. AIM ETF Products Trust
11. Alexis Practical Tactical ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
12. AlphaCentric Prime Meridian Income Fund
13. Alternative Strategies Income Fund
14. American Century ETF Trust
15. AMG ETF Trust
16. Amplify ETF Trust
17. Applied Finance Dividend Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
18. Applied Finance Explorer Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
19. Applied Finance Select Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
20. Ardian Access LLC
21. ARK ETF Trust
22. ARK Venture Fund
23. Bitwise Funds Trust
24. BondBloxx ETF Trust
25. Bramshill Multi-Strategy Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust
26. Bridgeway Funds, Inc.
27. Brinker Capital Destinations Trust
28. Brookfield Real Assets Income Fund Inc.
29. Build Funds Trust
30. Calamos Convertible and High Income Fund
31. Calamos Convertible Opportunities and Income Fund
32. Calamos Dynamic Convertible and Income Fund
33. Calamos Global Dynamic Income Fund
34. Calamos Global Total Return Fund
35. Calamos Strategic Total Return Fund
36. Carlyle Tactical Private Credit Fund
37. Cascade Private Capital Fund
38. Catalyst/Perini Strategic Income Fund
39. CBRE Global Real Estate Income Fund
40. Center Coast Brookfield MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund
41. Cliffwater Corporate Lending Fund
42. Cliffwater Enhanced Lending Fund
43. Coatue Innovative Strategies Fund
44. Cohen & Steers ETF Trust
45. Convergence Long/Short Equity ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
46. CrossingBridge Ultra-Short Duration ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
47. Curasset Capital Management Core Bond Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
48. Curasset Capital Management Limited Term Income Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
49. CYBER HORNET S&P 500® and Bitcoin 75/25 Strategy ETF, Series of CYBER HORNET Trust
50. Davis Fundamental ETF Trust
51. Defiance BMNR Option Income ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
52. Defiance Connective Technologies ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
53. Defiance Drone and Modern Warfare ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
54. Defiance Quantum ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
55. Defiance Retail Kings ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
56. Denali Structured Return Strategy Fund
57. Dodge & Cox Funds
58. DoubleLine ETF Trust
59. DoubleLine Income Solutions Fund
60. DoubleLine Opportunistic Credit Fund
61. DoubleLine Yield Opportunities Fund
62. DriveWealth ETF Trust
63. EIP Investment Trust
64. Ellington Income Opportunities Fund
65. ETF Opportunities Trust
66. Exchange Listed Funds Trust
67. Exchange Place Advisors Trust
68. FIS Trust
69. FlexShares Trust
70. Fortuna Hedged Bitcoin ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
71. Forum Funds
72. Forum Funds II
73. Forum Real Estate Income Fund
74. GMO ETF Trust
75. GoldenTree Opportunistic Credit Fund
76. Gramercy Emerging Markets Debt Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust
77. Grayscale Funds Trust
78. Guinness Atkinson Funds
79. Harbor ETF Trust
80. Harris Oakmark ETF Trust
81. Hawaiian Tax-Free Trust
82. Horizon Kinetics Blockchain Development ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
83. Horizon Kinetics Energy and Remediation ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
84. Horizon Kinetics Inflation Beneficiaries ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
85. Horizon Kinetics Japan Owner Operator ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
86. Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
87. Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
88. Horizon Kinetics Texas ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
89. Innovator ETFs Trust
90. Ironwood Institutional Multi-Strategy Fund LLC
91. Ironwood Multi-Strategy Fund LLC
92. Jensen Quality Growth ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
93. John Hancock Exchange-Traded Fund Trust
94. Kurv ETF Trust
95. Lazard Active ETF Trust
96. LDR High Income Realty Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
97. Lone Peak Value Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
98. Mairs & Power Balanced Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
99. Mairs & Power Growth Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
100. Mairs & Power Minnesota Municipal Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
101. Mairs & Power Small Cap Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
102. Manor Investment Funds
103. MoA Funds Corporation
104. Moerus Worldwide Fund, Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust IV
105. Morgan Stanley ETF Trust
106. Morgan Stanley Pathway Large Cap Equity ETF, Series of Morgan Stanley Pathway Funds
107. Morgan Stanley Pathway Small-Mid Cap Equity ETF, Series of Morgan Stanley Pathway Funds
108. Morningstar Funds Trust
109. NEOS ETF Trust
110. Niagara Income Opportunities Fund
111. NXG Cushing® Midstream Energy Fund
112. NXG NextGen Infrastructure Income Fund
113. OTG Latin American Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
114. Overlay Shares Core Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
115. Overlay Shares Foreign Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
116. Overlay Shares Hedged Large Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
117. Overlay Shares Large Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
118. Overlay Shares Municipal Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
119. Overlay Shares Short Term Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
120. Overlay Shares Small Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
121. Palmer Square Funds Trust
122. Palmer Square Opportunistic Income Fund
123. Partners Group Private Income Opportunities, LLC
124. Perkins Discovery Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
125. Philotimo Focused Growth and Income Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
126. Plan Investment Fund, Inc.
127. Point Bridge America First ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
128. Precidian ETFs Trust
129. Rareview 2x Bull Cryptocurrency & Precious Metals ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust
130. Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust
131. Rareview Systematic Equity ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust
132. Rareview Tax Advantaged Income ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust
133. Rareview Total Return Bond ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust
134. Renaissance Capital Greenwich Funds
135. REX ETF Trust
136. Reynolds Funds, Inc.
137. RMB Investors Trust
138. Robinson Opportunistic Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust
139. Robinson Tax Advantaged Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust
140. Roundhill Ball Metaverse ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
141. Roundhill Cannabis ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
142. Roundhill ETF Trust
143. Roundhill Magnificent Seven ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
144. Roundhill Sports Betting & iGaming ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
145. Roundhill Video Games ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
146. Rule One Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
147. Russell Investments Exchange Traded Funds
148. Securian AM Real Asset Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust
149. Six Circles Trust
150. Sound Shore Fund, Inc.
151. SP Funds Trust
152. Sparrow Funds
153. Spear Alpha ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
154. STF Tactical Growth & Income ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
155. STF Tactical Growth ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
156. Strategic Trust
157. Strategy Shares
158. Swan Hedged Equity US Large Cap ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
159. Tekla World Healthcare Fund
160. Tema ETF Trust
161. The 2023 ETF Series Trust
162. The Community Development Fund
163. The Cook & Bynum Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
164. The Private Shares Fund
165. The SPAC and New Issue ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust
166. Third Avenue Trust
167. Third Avenue Variable Series Trust
168. Tidal Trust I
169. Tidal Trust II
170. Tidal Trust III
171. Tidal Trust IV
172. TIFF Investment Program
173. Timothy Plan High Dividend Stock ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan
174. Timothy Plan International ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan
175. Timothy Plan Market Neutral ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan
176. Timothy Plan US Large/Mid Cap Core ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan
177. Timothy Plan US Small Cap Core ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan
178. Total Fund Solution
179. Touchstone ETF Trust
180. Trailmark Series Trust
181. T-Rex 2X Inverse Bitcoin Daily Target ETF, Series of World Funds Trust
182. T-Rex 2X Long Bitcoin Daily Target ETF, Series of World Funds Trust
183. T-Rex 2x Long Ether Daily Target ETF
184. U.S. Global Investors Funds
185. Union Street Partners Value Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
186. Vest Bitcoin Strategy Managed Volatility Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
187. Vest S&P 500® Dividend Aristocrats Target Income Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
188. Vest US Large Cap 10% Buffer Strategies Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
189. Vest US Large Cap 20% Buffer Strategies Fund, Series of World Funds Trust
190. Virtus Stone Harbor Emerging Markets Income Fund
191. Volatility Shares Trust
192. WEBs ETF Trust
193. Wedbush Series Trust
194. Wellington Global Multi-Strategy Fund
195. Wilshire Mutual Funds, Inc.
196. Wilshire Variable Insurance Trust
197. WisdomTree Trust
198. XAI Octagon Floating Rate & Alternative Income Term Trust
PINE Distributors LLC ("PINE") acts as the distributor for certain Series of the Registrant and the following investment companies*:
•Crossmark ETF Trust
•Hamilton Lane Private Secondary Fund
•Hamilton Lane Venture Capital and Growth Fund
•Keystone Private Income Fund
•Listed Funds Trust
•Manager Directed Portfolios Trust
•Series Portfolios Trust
•THOR Financial Technologies Trust
•Yorkville America Investment Trust
Item 32(b) The following are the Officers and Manager of Foreside. Foreside’s main business address is 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101.
| Name | Address | Position with Underwriter | Position with Registrant | ||||||||
| Teresa Cowan | 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, ME 04101 | President/Manager | None | ||||||||
| Chris Lanza | 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, ME 04101 | Vice President | None | ||||||||
| Kate Macchia | 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, ME 04101 | Vice President | None | ||||||||
| Alicia Strout | 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, ME 04101 | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer | None | ||||||||
| Gabriel E. Edelman | 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, ME 04101 | Secretary | None | ||||||||
| Susan L. LaFond | 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, ME 04101 | Treasurer | None | ||||||||
| Weston Sommers | 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, ME 04101 | Financial and Operations Principal and Chief Financial Officer | None | ||||||||
The following are the Officers and Manager of PINE Distributors LLC. PINE’s main business address is 501 S. Cherry St., Suite 610, Denver, Colorado 80246.
| Name | Position with Underwriter | Position with Registrant | ||||||
| Mark Fairbanks | President | None | ||||||
| Alexander Woodcock | Senior Vice President, Principal Financial Officer | None | ||||||
| Susan Moscaritolo | Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer | None | ||||||
| Daryn Levesque | Vice President, Chief Operating Officer | None | ||||||
Item 32(c) Not applicable.
Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records
The accounts, books or other documents of the Registrant required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder are kept in several locations:
a) | Adviser | Ridgeline Research LLC, 14961 Finegan Farm Drive, Darnestown, Maryland 20874 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
b) | Sub-Adviser | Vident Advisory, LLC (d/b/a Vident Asset Management), 1125 Sanctuary Parkway, Suite 515, Alpharetta, Georgia 30009 (records relating to its function as sub-adviser to the funds listed in the Sub-Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
c) | Adviser | Formidable Asset Management, LLC, 221 East fourth Street, Suite 2700, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
d) | Sub-Adviser | Tidal Investments, LLC, 898 N. Broadway, Suite 2, Massapequa, New York 11758 (records relating to its function as sub-adviser to the funds listed in the Sub-Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
e) | Adviser | Applied Finance Advisors, LLC, 17806 IH 10, Suite 300, San Antonio, Texas 78257 ((records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
f) | Adviser | Kingsbarn Capital Management, LLC, 1645 Village Center Circle, Suite 200, Las Vegas, Nevada 89134 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
g) | Adviser | WealthTrust Asset Management, LLC, 4458 Legendary Drive, Suite 140, Destin, Florida 32541 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
h) | Adviser | Cultivar Capital, Inc., 421 E. Hickory Street, Suite 103, Denton, Texas 76201 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
i) | Adviser | Tuttle Capital Management LLC, 155 Lockwood Rd., Riverside CT 06878 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
j) | Sub-Adviser | Laffer Tengler Investments, Inc., 103 Murphy Court, Nashville, TN 37203 (records relating to its function as sub-adviser to the funds listed in the Sub-Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
k) | Adviser | REX Advisers, LLC, 1241 Post Road, Second Floor, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
l) | Sub-Adviser | Brendan Wood TopGun Partnerships Inc., 15 Prince Arthur Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5R 1B2 (records relating to its function as sub-adviser to the funds listed in the Sub-Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
m) | Adviser | Tapp Finance, Inc., 3700 W. Lawton St., Seattle, Washington 98199 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
n) | Sub-Adviser | Tuttle Capital Management, LLC, 155 Lockwood Rd., Riverside CT 06878 (records relating to its function as sub-adviser to the funds listed in the Sub-Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
o) | Adviser | IDX Advisors, LLC, 2201 E. Camelback Road, Suite 605, Phoenix, AZ 85016 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
p) | Adviser | 3Fourteen & SMI Advisory Services, LLC, 4400 Ray Blvd., Columbus, Indiana 47203 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
q) | Adviser | Brookmont Capital Management, LLC, 5950 Berkshire Lane, Suite 1420, Dallas, TX 75225 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
r) | Sub-Adviser | King Ridge Capital Advisors, LLC, 87 Summit Road, New London, NH 03257 (records relating to its function as sub-adviser to the funds listed in the Sub-Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
s) | Sub-Advisor | OT Advisors, LLC, 7284 West Palmetto Park Road, Suite 303, Boca Raton, Florida 33433 (records relating to its function as sub-adviser to the funds listed in the Sub-Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
t) | Adviser | Hedgeye Asset Management, LLC, 1 High Ridge Park, 3rd Floor, Stamford, CT 06905 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
u) | Adviser | OTG Asset Management, Ltd., Montenegro #1439 Torre Infrabol Piso 6, La Paz, Bolivia (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
v) | Adviser | Golden Eagle Strategies, Inc., 2103 South Ocean Boulevard, Unit B, Delray Beach, Florida 33483 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
w) | Adviser | Arlington Partners, LLC, 2000 Morris Avenue, Suite 1300, Birmingham, Alabama 35203 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
x) | Adviser | Highland Capital Management, LLC, 850 Ridge Lake Blvd., Suite 205, Memphis, Tennessee 38120 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
y) | Sub-Adviser | Vident Advisory LLC (records relating to its function as sub-adviser to the funds listed in the Sub-Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
z) | Adviser | Framework Digital Advisors LLC, 347 5th Avenue, Suite 1402-700, New York, New York 10016 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
aa) | Sub-Adviser | Brightside USA Advisor Corp., 850 New Burton Road, Suite 201, Dover, County of Kent, Delaware 19904 (records relating to its function as sub-adviser to the funds listed in the Sub-Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
bb) | Adviser | Ai Funds, Inc., 75 Gate 5 Road, Sausalito, California 94965 (records relating to its function as investment adviser to the funds listed in the Investment Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
cc) | Sub-Adviser | Milliman Financial Risk Management, LLC, 71 S. Wacker Drive, 31st Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60606 (records relating to its function as sub-adviser to the funds listed in the Sub-Advisory Agreement). | ||||||
dd) | Custodian, Transfer Agency | Citibank, N.A., 390 Greenwich Street, 6th Floor, New York, New York 10013. | ||||||
ee) | Transfer Agent | U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202. | ||||||
ff) | Custodian | U.S. Bank, N.A., 425 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio 45202. | ||||||
gg) | Administrator | Commonwealth Fund Services, Inc., 8730 Stony Point Parkway, Suite 205, Richmond, Virginia 23235. | ||||||
hh) | Distributor | Foreside Fund Services, LLC, 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101. | ||||||
ii) | Distributor | PINE Distributors LLC, 501 S. Cherry St., Suite 610, Denver, Colorado 80246. | ||||||
jj) | Fund Accountant | Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc., located at 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200, Columbus, Ohio, 43219. | ||||||
Item 34. Management Services
Not applicable. | ||||||||
Item 35. Undertakings
| Not applicable. | ||||||||
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has duly this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Richmond, Commonwealth of Virginia on the 23rd day of July, 2026.
ETF OPPORTUNITIES TRUST
By: /s/ Karen M. Shupe
Karen M. Shupe
Treasurer and Principal Executive Officer
Karen M. Shupe
Treasurer and Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||||||
| *Mary Lou H. Ivey | Trustee | July 23, 2026 | ||||||
| *Theo H. Pitt, Jr. | Trustee | July 23, 2026 | ||||||
| *Dr. David J. Urban | Trustee | July 23, 2026 | ||||||
| /s/ Karen M. Shupe | Treasurer and Principal Executive Officer | July 23, 2026 | ||||||
| Karen M. Shupe | ||||||||
| /s/ Ann T. MacDonald | Assistant Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer | July 23, 2026 | ||||||
| Ann T. MacDonald | ||||||||
*By: /s/ Karen M. Shupe | ||||||||
| Karen M. Shupe | ||||||||
EXHIBITS
| None | ||||||||
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