Form 485APOS BERNSTEIN SANFORD C FUND
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Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 1, 2019
File No. 33-21844
File No. 811-05555
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
| THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ☒ | |||
| Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ☐ | |||
| Post-Effective Amendment No. 82 | ☒ |
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
| THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ☒ | |||
| Amendment No. 83 | ☒ |
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
1345 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10105
(Address of Principal Executive Office)(Zip Code)
Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code: 1-212-756-4097
Emilie D. Wrapp, Esq.
AllianceBernstein L.P.
New York, New York 10105
(Name and address of agent for service)
Copy to:
Margery K. Neale, Esq.
P. Jay Spinola, Esq.
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP
787 Seventh Avenue
New York, New York 10019-6099
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
| ☐ | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) |
| ☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b) |
| ☒ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) |
| ☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) |
| ☐ | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) |
| ☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485. |
If appropriate, check the following box:
| ☐ | This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post effective amendment. |
Title of Securities Being Registered: Shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share.
This filing relates solely to AB Intermediate Duration Portfolio.
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The information in this Prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MAY 1, 2019
PROSPECTUS | [ ], 2019
Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc.
| AB Fixed-Income Taxable Portfolio (Class OfferedExchange Ticker Symbol) |
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(Class A[ ]; Class Z[ ]; Advisor Class[ ]) |
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Beginning January 1, 2021, as permitted by new regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Portfolios annual and semi-annual shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports. Instead, the reports will be made available on a website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website address to access the report.
If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Portfolio electronically at any time by contacting your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) or, if you are a direct investor, by calling the Portfolio at 800-221-5672.
You may elect to receive all future reports in paper form free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can contact your financial intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies of your shareholder reports; if you invest directly with the Portfolio, you can call the Portfolio at 800-221-5672. Your election to receive reports in paper form will apply to all funds held in your account with your financial intermediary or, if you invest directly, to all AB Mutual Funds you hold.
The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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Investment Products Offered
| Ø Are Not FDIC Insured Ø May Lose Value Ø Are Not Bank Guaranteed |
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SUMMARY INFORMATION: SANFORD C. BERNSTEIN FUND, INC.
AB FIXED-INCOME TAXABLE PORTFOLIO
AB Intermediate Duration Portfolio of Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE:
The Portfolios investment objective is to provide safety of principal and a moderate to high rate of income that is subject to taxes.
FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE PORTFOLIO:
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. You may qualify for sales charge reductions if you and members of your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in any registered funds advised by AllianceBernstein L.P. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial intermediary, in Investing in the PortfolioSales Charge Reduction Programs for Class A Shares, in Appendix BFinancial Intermediary Waivers on pages 25 and B-1, respectively, of this Prospectus and in Purchase of SharesSales Charge Reduction Programs for Class A Shares on page 51 of the Portfolios Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
| Class A | Advisor Class | Class Z | ||||
| Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
4.25% | None | None | |||
| Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of offering price or redemption proceeds, whichever is lower) |
None(a) | None | None |
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
| Class A | Advisor Class | Class Z | ||||||||||
| Management Fees |
0.44% | 0.44% | 0.44% | |||||||||
| Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees |
0.25% | None | None | |||||||||
| Other Expenses: |
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| Transfer Agent |
0.16% | 0.16% | 0.02% | |||||||||
| Other Expenses |
0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% | |||||||||
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| Total Other Expenses |
0.18% | 0.18% | 0.04% | |||||||||
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| Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses |
0.87% | 0.62% | 0.48% | |||||||||
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| (a) | Purchases of Class A shares in amounts of $1,000,000 or more, or by certain group retirement plans, may be subject to a 1%, 1-year contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC), which may be subject to waiver in certain circumstances. |
Examples
The Examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Portfolios operating expenses stay the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs as reflected in the Examples would be:
| Class A | Advisor Class | Class Z | ||||||||||
| After 1 Year |
$ | 510 | $ | 63 | $ | 49 | ||||||
| After 3 Years |
$ | 691 | $ | 199 | $ | 154 | ||||||
| After 5 Years |
$ | 887 | $ | 346 | $ | 269 | ||||||
| After 10 Years |
$ | 1,452 | $ | 774 | $ | 604 | ||||||
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Portfolio Turnover
The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys or sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio shares are held in a taxable account. These transaction costs, which are not reflected in the Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses or in the Examples, affect the Portfolios performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolios portfolio turnover rate was 201% of the average value of its portfolio.
PRINCIPAL STRATEGIES:
The Portfolio seeks to maintain an average portfolio quality minimum of A, based on ratings given to the Portfolios securities by national rating agencies (or, if unrated, determined by AllianceBernstein L.P., the Portfolios investment manager (the Manager), to be of comparable quality). Many types of securities may be purchased by the Portfolio, including corporate bonds, notes, U.S. government and agency securities, asset-backed securities, mortgage-related securities, bank loan debt, preferred stock and inflation-protected securities, as well as others. The Portfolio may also invest up to 25% of its total assets in fixed-income, non-U.S. Dollar denominated foreign securities, and may invest without limit in fixed-income, U.S. Dollar denominated foreign securities, in each case in developed or emerging-market countries.
The Portfolio may use derivatives, such as options, futures contracts, forward contracts and swaps.
The Portfolio may invest up to 25% of its total assets in fixed-income securities rated below investment grade (BB or below) by national rating agencies (commonly known as junk bonds). No more than 5% of the Portfolios total assets may be invested in fixed-income securities rated CCC by national rating agencies.
In managing the Portfolio, the Manager may use interest rate forecasting to estimate the best level of interest rate risk at a given time.
The Portfolio seeks to maintain an effective duration of three to seven years under normal market conditions. Duration is a measure that relates the expected price volatility of a security to changes in interest rates. The duration of a debt security is the weighted average term to maturity, expressed in years, of the present value of all future cash flows, including coupon payments and principal repayments.
Within the range described above, the Manager may moderately shorten the average duration of the Portfolio when it expects interest rates to rise and moderately lengthen average duration when it anticipates that interest rates will fall.
The Manager selects securities for purchase or sale based on its assessment of the securities risk and return characteristics as well as the securities impact on the overall risk and return characteristics of the Portfolio. In making this assessment, the Manager takes into account various factors including the credit quality and sensitivity to interest rates of the securities under consideration and of the Portfolios other holdings.
The Portfolio may enter into foreign currency transactions on a spot (i.e., cash) basis or through the use of derivatives transactions, such as forward currency exchange contracts, currency futures and options thereon, and options on currencies. An appropriate hedge of currency exposure resulting from the Portfolios securities positions may not be available or cost effective, or the Manager may determine not to hedge the positions, possibly even under market conditions where doing so could benefit the Portfolio.
PRINCIPAL RISKS:
The share price of the Portfolio will fluctuate and you may lose money. There is no guarantee that the Portfolio will achieve its investment objective.
| | Interest Rate Risk: This is the risk that changes in interest rates will affect the value of the Portfolios investments in fixed-income debt securities such as bonds and notes. When interest rates rise, the value of the Portfolios existing investments tends to fall and this decrease in value may not be offset by higher income from new investments. Interest rate risk is generally greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities or durations. A general rise in interest rates may cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which could adversely affect the price and liquidity of fixed-income securities and could also result in increased redemptions from a portfolio that invests largely in fixed-income securities. |
| | Credit Risk: This is the risk that the issuer or the guarantor of a debt security, or the counterparty to a derivatives or other contract, will be unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The issuer or guarantor may default, potentially causing a loss of the full principal amount of a security and accrued interest. The degree of risk for a particular security may be reflected in its credit rating. The credit rating of a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may adversely affect the value of the security. Investments in fixed-income securities with lower ratings tend to have a higher probability that an issuer will default or fail to meet its payment obligations, making credit risk greater for medium-quality and lower-rated debt securities. Lower-rated debt securities and similar unrated securities (commonly known as junk bonds) have speculative elements or are predominantly speculative credit risks. At times when credit risk is perceived to be greater, credit spreads (i.e., the difference between the yields on lower quality securities and the yields on higher quality securities) may get larger or widen. As a result, the values of the lower quality securities may go down more and they may become harder to sell. |
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| | Duration Risk: The duration of a fixed-income security may be shorter than or equal to full maturity of the fixed-income security. Fixed-income securities with longer durations have more interest rate risk and will decrease in price as interest rates rise. Securities that have final maturities longer than their durations may be affected by increased credit spreads to a far greater degree than their durations would suggest, because they are exposed to credit risk until final maturity. |
| | Inflation Risk: This is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the value of the Portfolios assets can decline as can the value of the Portfolios distributions. This risk is significantly greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities. |
| | Inflation-Protected Securities Risk: The terms of inflation-protected securities provide for the coupon and/or maturity value to be adjusted based on changes in an inflation index. Decreases in the inflation rate or in investors expectations about inflation could cause these securities to underperform non-inflation-adjusted securities on a total-return basis. In addition, there can be no assurance that the relevant inflation index will accurately measure the rate of inflation, in which case the securities may not work as intended. These securities may be more difficult to trade or dispose of than other types of securities. |
| | Foreign (Non-U.S.) Securities Risk: Investments in foreign securities entail significant risks in addition to those customarily associated with investing in U.S. securities. These risks include risks related to adverse market, economic, political and regulatory factors and social instability, all of which could disrupt the financial markets in which the Portfolio invests and adversely affect the value of the Portfolios assets. |
| | Emerging Markets Securities Risk: The risks of investing in foreign (non-U.S.) securities are heightened with respect to issuers in emerging-market countries because the markets are less developed and less liquid and there may be a greater amount of economic, political and social uncertainty, and these risks are even more pronounced in frontier markets, which are investable markets with lower total market capitalization and liquidity than the more developed emerging markets. In addition, the value of the Portfolios investments may decline because of factors such as unfavorable or unsuccessful government actions and reduction of government or central bank support. |
| | Derivatives Risk: The Portfolio may use derivatives as direct investments to earn income, enhance return and broaden portfolio diversification, which entail greater risk than if used solely for hedging purposes. In addition to other risks such as the credit risk of the counterparty, derivatives involve the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate with relevant assets, rates or indices. Derivatives may be difficult to price or unwind, and small changes may produce disproportionate losses for the Portfolio. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Assets required to be set aside or posted to cover or secure derivatives positions may themselves go down in value, and these collateral and other requirements may limit investment flexibility. Some derivatives involve leverage, which can make the Portfolio more volatile and can compound other risks. Use of derivatives may have different tax consequences for the Portfolio than an investment in the underlying security, and such differences may affect the amount, timing and character of income distributed to shareholders. The U.S. government and certain foreign governments have adopted regulations governing derivatives markets, including mandatory clearing of certain derivatives and may impose additional regulations governing margin, reporting and registration requirements. The ultimate impact of the regulations remains unclear. Additional regulation may make derivatives more costly, limit their availability or utility, otherwise adversely affect their performance, or disrupt markets. |
| | Mortgage-Related and Asset-Related Securities Risk: Mortgage- and asset-related securities represent interests in pools of mortgages or other assets, including consumer loans or receivables held in trust. Mortgage- and asset-related securities are subject to credit, interest rate, prepayment and extension risks. These securities also are subject to risk of default on the underlying mortgage or asset, particularly during periods of economic downturn. Small movements in interest rates (both increases and decreases) may quickly and significantly reduce the value of certain mortgage-related securities. |
| | Prepayment and Extension Risk: Prepayment risk is the risk that a loan, bond or other security might be called or otherwise converted, prepaid or redeemed before maturity. If this happens, particularly during a time of declining interest rates or credit spreads, the Portfolio will not benefit from the rise in market price that normally accompanies a decline in interest rates, and may not be able to invest the proceeds in securities providing as much income, resulting in a lower yield to the Portfolio. Conversely, extension risk is the risk that as interest rates rise or spreads widen, payments of securities may occur more slowly than anticipated by the market. If this happens, the values of these securities may go down because their interest rates are lower than current market rates and they remain outstanding longer than anticipated. |
| | Subordination Risk: The Portfolio may invest in securities that are subordinated to more senior securities of an issuer, or which represent interests in pools of such subordinated securities. Subordinated securities will be disproportionately affected by a default or even a perceived decline in creditworthiness of the issuer. Subordinated securities are more likely to suffer a credit loss than non-subordinated securities of the same issuer, any loss incurred by the subordinated securities is likely to be proportionately greater, and any recovery of interest or principal may take more time. |
| | Management Risk: The Portfolio is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. The Manager will apply its investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Portfolio, but these techniques, analyses |
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| and decisions may not work as intended or may not produce the desired results, and may, during certain periods, result in increased volatility for the Portfolio or cause the value of the Portfolios shares to go down. In some cases, derivatives and other investment techniques may be unavailable or the Manager may determine not to use them, possibly even under market conditions where their use could benefit the Portfolio. In addition, the Manager may change the Portfolios investment strategies or policies from time to time. Those changes may not lead to the results intended by the Manager and could have an adverse effect on the value or performance of the Portfolio. |
| | Illiquid Investments Risk: Illiquid investments risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Portfolio from selling out of these securities at an advantageous price. Over recent years, regulatory changes have led to reduced liquidity in the marketplace, and the capacity of dealers to make markets in fixed-income securities has been outpaced by the growth in the size of the fixed-income markets. Illiquid investments risk may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment, where the value and liquidity of fixed-income securities generally go down. Derivatives and securities involving substantial market and credit risk may become illiquid. Illiquid securities may also be difficult to value. |
| | Redemption Risk: The Portfolio may experience heavy redemptions that could cause the Portfolio to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or unfavorable prices or increase or accelerate taxable gains or transaction costs and may negatively affect the Portfolios net asset value, or performance, which could cause the value of your investment to decline. Redemption risk is heightened during periods of overall market turmoil. |
| | Foreign Currency Risk: This is the risk that changes in foreign (non-U.S.) currency exchange rates may negatively affect the value of the Portfolios investments or reduce the returns of the Portfolio. For example, the value of the Portfolios investments in foreign securities and foreign currency positions may decrease if the U.S. Dollar is strong (i.e., gaining value relative to other currencies) and other currencies are weak (i.e., losing value relative to the U.S. Dollar). |
| | Actions by a Few Major Investors: In certain countries, volatility may be heightened by actions of a few major investors. For example, substantial increases or decreases in cash flows of mutual funds investing in these markets could significantly affect local securities prices and, therefore, share prices of the Portfolio. |
| | Market Risk: The Portfolio is subject to market risk, which is the risk that bond prices in general or in particular countries or sectors may decline over short or extended periods. In the past decade, financial markets in the United States, Europe and elsewhere have experienced increased volatility, decreased liquidity and heightened uncertainty. These market conditions may recur from time to time and have an adverse impact on various securities markets. Certain governments and central banks have provided significant support to financial markets, including by buying stocks and through other market interventions. Recently, the Federal Reserve has reduced its market support activities and raised interest rates. Further governmental or central bank actions, including interest rate increases or decreases, could negatively affect financial markets generally, increase market volatility and reduce the value and liquidity of securities in which the Portfolio invests. |
Current political uncertainty surrounding the European Union (EU) and its membership may increase market volatility. The United Kingdom (the U.K.) has voted to withdraw from the EU and the consequences for European and U.K. businesses could be severe. One or more other countries may withdraw from the EU and/or abandon the Euro, the common currency of the EU. The financial instability of some countries in the EU, together with the risk of that financial instability impacting other more stable countries, may increase the risk of investing in companies in Europe and worldwide. The United States and its trading partners are periodically involved in disputes over trade, which may result in tariffs on various categories of goods imported from the other country. Trade disputes, particularly prolonged disputes, may adversely affect the economies of the United States and its trading partners, as well as the companies directly or indirectly affected by the dispute and financial markets generally, and thus may adversely affect the value of the Portfolios assets. In addition, policy and legislative changes in the United States and in other countries are affecting many aspects of financial regulation, and may in some instances contribute to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets. The impact of these changes, and the practical implications for market participants, may not be fully known for some time.
Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected. Economic, financial or political events, trading and tariff arrangements, terrorism, natural disasters and other circumstances in one country or region could have profound impacts on global economies or markets. As a result, whether or not the Portfolio invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to countries experiencing economic and financial difficulties, the value and liquidity of the Portfolios investments may be negatively affected.
| | Lower-rated Securities Risk: Lower-rated securities, or junk bonds/high-yield securities, are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest and greater market risk than higher-rated securities. The capacity of issuers of lower-rated securities to pay interest and repay principal is more likely to weaken than is that of issuers of higher-rated securities in times of deteriorating economic conditions or rising interest rates. |
| | Portfolio Turnover Risk: The Portfolios investment strategies may result in high portfolio turnover. The Portfolio generally buys portfolio securities with the intention of holding them for investment. However, when market conditions or other circumstances warrant, securities may be purchased and sold without regard to the length of time held. From time to time, the Portfolio |
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| may engage in active short-term trading to seek short-term profits during periods of fluctuating interest rates or for other reasons. This trading may increase the Portfolios rate of turnover and the incidence of short-term capital gain taxable as ordinary income. A higher rate of portfolio turnover may increase transaction costs, which must be borne by the Portfolio and its shareholders. |
BAR CHART AND PERFORMANCE INFORMATION:
The bar chart and performance information provide an indication of the historical risk of an investment in the Portfolio by showing:
| | how the Portfolios performance changed from year to year over ten years; and |
| | how the Portfolios average annual returns for one, five and ten years compare to those of a broad-based securities market index. |
Class A, Class Z and Advisor Class shares of the Portfolio do not have a performance history as of the date of this Prospectus. As a result, the table presents the long-term performance for Intermediate Duration Class shares of the Portfolio, which are not offered in this Prospectus, adjusted to reflect the expense ratio of Class A, Class Z and Advisor Class shares.
You may obtain updated performance information for the Portfolio at www.bernstein.com (click on Investments, then Mutual Fund Performance at a Glance).
The Portfolios past performance before and after taxes, of course, does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. As with all investments, you may lose money by investing in the Portfolio.
Bar Chart
The annual returns in the bar chart are for the Portfolios Intermediate Duration Class shares, adjusted to reflect the fees and expenses of Class A shares, but do not reflect sales loads. If sales loads were reflected, returns would be less than those shown.
During the period shown in the bar chart, the Portfolios:
Best Quarter was up 7.09%, 3rd quarter, 2009; and Worst Quarter was down -2.86%, 2nd quarter, 2013. The year-to-date return as of March 31, 2019 was [ ]%.
Performance Table
Average Annual Total Returns*
(For the periods ended December 31, 2018)
| 1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||||||||
| Class A**,*** | Return Before Taxes | [ ]% | [ ]% | [ ]% | ||||||||||
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| Return After Taxes on Distributions | [ ]% | [ ]% | [ ]% | |||||||||||
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| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Portfolio Shares | [ ]% | [ ]% | [ ]% | |||||||||||
| Class Z*** | Return Before Taxes | [ ]% | [ ]% | [ ]% | ||||||||||
| Advisor Class*** | Return Before Taxes | [ ]% | [ ]% | [ ]% | ||||||||||
| Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) |
0.01% | 2.52% | 3.48% | |||||||||||
| * | Average annual total returns reflect imposition of the maximum front-end or contingent deferred sales charges. |
| ** | After-tax returns: |
| | Are shown for Intermediate Duration Class shares, adjusted to reflect the fees and expenses of Class A shares, only and will vary for Class Z and Advisor Class shares because these Classes have different expense ratios; |
| | Are an estimate, which is based on the highest historical individual federal marginal income tax rates, and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes; actual after-tax returns depend on an individual investors tax situation and are likely to differ from those shown; and |
| | Are not relevant to investors who hold Portfolio shares through tax-deferred arrangements such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. |
| *** | Inception date of Class A, Class Z and Advisor Class shares: [ ], 2019. Performance information for periods prior to the inception of Class A, Class Z and Advisor Class shares is the performance of the Portfolios Intermediate Duration Class shares, adjusted to reflect the net expense differences between the share classes. |
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INVESTMENT MANAGER:
AllianceBernstein L.P. is the investment manager for the Portfolio.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS:
The following table lists the persons responsible for day-to-day management of the Portfolio:
| Employee | Length of Service | Title | ||
| Michael Canter | Since 2016 | Senior Vice President of the Manager | ||
| Shawn E. Keegan | Since 2005 | Senior Vice President of the Manager | ||
| Douglas J. Peebles | Since 2007 | Senior Vice President of the Manager | ||
| Janaki Rao | Since 2018 | Senior Vice President of the Manager | ||
| Greg J. Wilensky | Since 2005 | Senior Vice President of the Manager | ||
PURCHASE AND SALE OF PORTFOLIO SHARES:
Purchase Minimums*
The following table describes the initial and subsequent minimum purchase amounts for each class of shares, which are subject to waiver in certain circumstances.
| Initial | Subsequent | |||
| Class A Shares, including traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs | $2,500 | $50 | ||
| Automatic Investment Program | No minimum | $50 If initial minimum investment is less than $2,500, then $200 monthly until account balance reaches $2,500 | ||
| Class Z Shares (only available to 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit-sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans, and non-qualified deferred compensation plans, to persons participating in certain fee-based programs sponsored by a financial intermediary, where in each case plan level or omnibus accounts are held on the books of a Portfolio, and to certain institutional clients of the Manager) | None** | None | ||
| Advisor Class Shares (only available to fee-based programs or through other limited arrangements) | None | None |
| * | Purchase minimums may not apply to some accounts established in connection with the Automatic Investment Program and to some retirement-related investment programs. These investment minimums also do not apply to persons participating in a fee-based program or Mutual Fund Only brokerage program which is sponsored and maintained by a registered broker-dealer or other financial intermediary with omnibus account or network level account arrangements with the Portfolio. |
| ** | Investors who qualify for Class Z shares as institutional clients of the Manager must have at least $2,000,000 invested in the Portfolio. |
You may sell (redeem) your shares each day the New York Stock Exchange is open. You may sell your shares through your financial intermediary or by mail (AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc., P.O. Box 786003, San Antonio, TX 78278-6003) or telephone (800-221-5672). Your purchase or sale price will be the next-determined net asset value, less any applicable CDSC, after the Portfolio receives your purchase or redemption request in proper form.
TAX INFORMATION:
The Portfolio anticipates distributing primarily ordinary income dividends (i.e., distributions out of net short-term capital gains, dividends and non-exempt interest) but may distribute capital gains.
PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES:
If you purchase shares of the Portfolio through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Portfolio and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These payments may provide a financial incentive for the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediarys website for more information.
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ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT INFORMATION, SPECIAL INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES AND RELATED RISKS
| Principal Investments, Investment Strategies and Risks |
In addition to the principal investments previously described in the summary of the Portfolio, the Portfolio may invest in other investments. This section of the Prospectus provides additional information about the Portfolios principal investments, strategies and risks. Most of these investment practices are discretionary, which means that the Manager may or may not decide to use them. This Prospectus does not describe all of the Portfolios investment practices and additional information about the Portfolios risks and investments can be found in the Portfolios summary and the Portfolios Statement of Additional Information (SAI). This Prospectus refers to AllianceBernstein L.P. as the Manager, or we and shareholders of the Portfolio as you. All percentage limitations described below are measured immediately after the relevant transaction is made. This Prospectus refers to Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc. as the SCB Fund.
Interest Only/Principal Only Securities
The Portfolio may invest in a type of mortgage-related security where all interest payments go to one class of holdersInterest Only or IOand all of the principal goes to a second class of holdersPrincipal Only or PO.
The market values of both IOs and POs are sensitive to prepayment rates; the value of POs varies directly with prepayment rates, while the value of IOs varies inversely with prepayment rates. If prepayment rates are high, investors may actually receive less cash from the IO than was initially invested. IOs and POs issued by the U.S. government or its agencies and instrumentalities that are backed by fixed-rate mortgages may have greater liquidity than other types of IOs and POs.
Obligations of Supranational Agencies
The Portfolio may invest in the obligations of supranational agencies. Supranational agencies rely on participating countries (which may include the United States) for funds. Some supranationals, such as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank), have the right to borrow from participating countries, including the United States. Other supranationals must request funds from participating countries; however, such requests may not always be honored. Moreover, the securities of supranational agencies, depending on where and how they are issued, may be subject to some of the risks associated with investments in foreign securities.
Variable, Floating and Inverse Floating Rate Instruments
Fixed-income securities may have fixed, variable or floating rates of interest. Variable and floating rate securities pay interest at rates that are adjusted periodically, according to a specified formula. A variable interest rate adjusts at predetermined intervals (e.g., daily, weekly or monthly), while a floating interest rate adjusts whenever a specified benchmark rate (such as the bank prime lending rate) changes.
The Portfolio may invest in variable rate demand notes (VRDNs) which are instruments whose interest rates change on a specific date (such as coupon date or interest payment date) or whose interest rates vary with changes in a designated base rate (such as prime interest rate). These instruments are payable on demand and are secured by letters of credit or other credit support agreements from major banks.
The Portfolio may invest in fixed-income securities that pay interest at a coupon rate equal to a base rate, plus additional interest for a certain period of time if short-term interest rates rise above a predetermined level. The amount of such an additional interest payment typically is calculated under a formula based on a short-term interest rate index multiplied by a designated factor and may be subject to a cap.
The Portfolio may invest in inverse floaters, which are securities with two variable components that, when combined, result in a fixed interest rate. The auction component typically pays an interest rate that is reset periodically through an auction process, while the residual component pays a current residual interest rate based on the difference between the total interest paid on the securities and the auction rate paid on the auction component. The Portfolio may purchase both auction and residual components. When an inverse floater is in the residual mode (leveraged), the interest rate typically resets in the opposite direction from the variable or floating market rate of interest on which the floater is based. The degree of leverage inherent in inverse floaters is associated with a greater degree of volatility of market value, such that the market values of inverse floaters that represent the residual component tend to decrease more rapidly during periods of increasing interest rates than those of fixed-rate securities.
Zero Coupon Securities
Zero coupon securities are debt securities that have been issued without interest coupons or stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, and include receipts or certificates representing interests in such stripped debt obligations and coupons. Such a security pays no interest to its holder during its life. Its value to an investor consists of the difference between its face value at the time of maturity and the price for which it was acquired, which is generally an amount significantly less than its face value. Such securities usually trade at a deep discount from their face or par value and are subject to greater fluctuations in market value in response to changing interest rates than debt obligations of comparable maturities and credit quality that make current distributions of interest. On the other hand, because there are no periodic interest payments to be reinvested prior to maturity, these securities eliminate reinvestment risk and lock in a rate of return to maturity.
Fixed-Income Securities
The Portfolio may invest in medium-quality securities rated A or Baa by Moodys, or A or BBB by S&P Global or Fitch. It is generally expected that the Portfolio will not retain a security downgraded below B by Moodys, S&P Global and Fitch, or if unrated, determined by the Manager to have undergone similar credit quality deteriorations, however, the Portfolio is not required to dispose of such downgraded securities.
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Interest Rate Risk: This is the risk that changes in interest rates will affect the value of the Portfolios investments in fixed-income debt securities such as bonds and notes. When interest rates rise, the value of the Portfolios existing investments tends to fall and this decrease in value may not be offset by higher income from new investments. Interest rate risk is generally greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities or durations. A general rise in interest rates may cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which could adversely affect the price and liquidity of fixed-income securities and could also result in increased redemptions from the Portfolio that invests largely in fixed-income securities. There is also the risk that a floating rate fixed-income security may reset its interest rate when its specified benchmark rate changes. Because prices of intermediate-duration bonds are more sensitive to interest rate changes than those of shorter duration, intermediate-duration portfolios have greater interest rate risk than short-duration portfolios.
Credit Risk: This is the risk that the issuer or the guarantor of a debt security, or the counterparty to a derivatives or other contract, will be unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The issuer or guarantor may default, potentially causing a loss of the full principal amount of a security and accrued interest. The credit rating of a fixed-income security may be downgraded after purchase, which may adversely affect the value of the security. Investments in fixed-income securities with lower ratings tend to have a higher probability that an issuer will default or fail to meet its payment obligations, making credit risk greater for medium-quality and lower-rated debt securities. The degree of risk for a particular security may be reflected in its credit rating. The Portfolio may rely upon rating agencies to determine credit ratings, but those ratings are opinions and are not absolute guarantees of quality. Lower-rated debt securities and similar unrated securities (commonly known as junk bonds) have speculative elements or are predominantly speculative credit risks. Credit rating agencies may lower the credit rating of certain debt securities held by the Portfolio. If a debt securitys credit rating is downgraded, its price is likely to decline, which would lower an investors total return. At times when credit risk is perceived to be greater, credit spreads (i.e., the difference between the yields on lower quality securities and the yields on higher quality securities) may get larger or widen. As a result, the values of the lower quality securities may go down more and they may become harder to sell.
Illiquid Investments Risk: Illiquid investments risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Portfolio from selling out of these securities at an advantageous price. Causes of liquidity risk may include low trading volume, lack of a market maker, a large position, heavy redemptions, or legal restrictions that limit or prevent the Portfolio from selling securities or closing derivative positions at desirable prices or opportune times. Over recent years, regulatory changes have led to reduced liquidity in the marketplace, and the capacity of dealers to make markets in fixed-income securities has been outpaced by the growth in the size of the fixed-income markets. Illiquid investments risk may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment, where the value and liquidity of fixed-income securities generally go down. Derivatives and securities involving substantial market and credit risk may become illiquid. To the extent the Portfolio invests in municipal securities, the Portfolio is subject to greater risk because the market for municipal securities is generally smaller than many other markets, which may make municipal securities more difficult to trade or dispose of than other types of securities. Illiquid securities may also be difficult to value.
Bank Loan Debt
The Portfolio may invest in fixed and floating rate loans (Loans) arranged through private negotiations between borrowers and one or more financial institutions (Lenders). Such loans are often referred to as bank loan debt. The Portfolios investments in Loans are expected in most instances to be in the form of participations in Loans (Participations) and assignments of all or a portion of Loans (Assignments) from third parties. The lack of a liquid secondary market for such securities may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities and the Portfolios ability to dispose of particular Assignments or Participations when necessary to meet the Portfolios liquidity needs in response to a specific economic event such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the borrower.
Foreign (Non-U.S.) Securities
The Portfolio may invest include common and preferred stocks, warrants and convertible securities. The Portfolio may invest in foreign securities directly or in the form of sponsored or unsponsored ADRs, GDRs or other similar securities convertible into securities of foreign issuers without limitation. ADRs are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company that evidence ownership of the underlying securities. GDRs are receipts typically issued by a non-U.S. bank or trust company evidencing a similar arrangement. The issuers of unsponsored ADRs are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States and, therefore, there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the ADR. Depositary receipts may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted. Generally, depositary receipts in registered form are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and depositary receipts in bearer form are designed for use in foreign securities markets. For purposes of determining the country of issuance, investments in depositary receipts of either type are deemed to be investments in the underlying securities.
Foreign (Non-U.S.) Securities Risk: Investments in foreign securities entail significant risks in addition to those customarily associated with investing in U.S. securities. These risks include risks related to adverse market, economic, political and regulatory factors and social instability, all of which could disrupt the financial markets in which the Portfolio invests and adversely affect the value of the Portfolios assets. These risks are heightened with respect to investments in emerging market countries. Investments in foreign securities are subject to the risk that the investment may be affected by foreign tax laws and restrictions on receiving investment proceeds from a foreign country. In
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general, since investments in foreign countries are not subject to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or other U.S. reporting requirements, there may be less publicly available information concerning foreign issuers of securities held by the Portfolio than will be available concerning U.S. companies. In addition, the enforcement of legal rights in foreign countries and against foreign governments may be difficult and costly and there may be special difficulties enforcing claims against foreign governments. National policies may also restrict investment opportunities. For example, there may be restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests.
In June 2016, the United Kingdom (U.K.) voted in a referendum to leave the European Union (EU) (Brexit). In the event Brexit occurs in a disorderly manner or results in unintended or unforeseen consequences, the ramifications for European and U.K. businesses could be severe. The Portfolio will face risks associated with the potential uncertainty and consequences that may follow Brexit, including with respect to potential volatility in exchange rates and interest rates. Brexit could adversely affect European or worldwide political, regulatory, economic or market conditions and could contribute to instability in global political institutions, regulatory agencies and financial markets. Brexit could also lead to legal uncertainty and politically divergent national laws and regulations as a new relationship between the U.K. and EU is defined and the U.K. determines which EU laws to replace or replicate. Any of these effects of Brexit could adversely affect any of the companies to which the Portfolio has exposure and any other assets that the Portfolio invests in. The political, economic and legal consequences of Brexit are not yet known. In the short term, financial markets may experience heightened volatility, particularly those in the U.K. and Europe, but possibly worldwide. The U.K. may be less stable than it has been in recent years, and investments in the U.K. may be difficult to value, or subject to greater or more frequent rises and falls in value.
Other foreign investment risks include:
| | less governmental supervision of brokers and issuers of securities |
| | lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial-reporting standards |
| | settlement and clearance practices that differ from those in the U.S. and may result in delays or may not fully protect the Portfolio against loss or theft of assets |
| | the possibility of nationalization of a company or industry and expropriation or confiscatory taxation |
| | the imposition of foreign taxes |
| | high inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates |
| | less developed legal structures governing private or foreign investment |
| | increased government intervention in markets resulting in artificially inflated prices or demand for securities, and increased risk of loss and heightened volatility if the intervention is unsuccessful or discontinued |
Higher costs associated with foreign investing: Investments in foreign securities will also result in generally higher expenses due to:
| | the costs of currency exchange |
| | higher brokerage commissions in certain foreign markets |
| | the expense of maintaining securities with foreign custodians |
Foreign Currency Risk: This is the risk that changes in foreign (non-U.S.) currency exchange rates may negatively affect the value of the Portfolios investments or reduce the returns of the Portfolio. For example, the value of the Portfolios investments in foreign securities and foreign currency positions may decrease if the U.S. Dollar is strong (i.e., gaining value relative to other currencies) and other currencies are weak (i.e., losing value relative to the U.S. Dollar). Currency markets generally are not as regulated as securities markets. In addition, currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time, causing the Portfolios net asset value (NAV) to fluctuate. Currency exchange rates are determined by supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets, the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest rates, and other complex factors. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks or by currency controls or political developments.
It is possible that foreign governments will impose currency exchange control regulations or other restrictions that would prevent cash from being brought back to the U.S. Foreign governments may also intervene in currency markets or interpose registration/approval processes, which may adversely affect the Portfolio and your investment. Certain countries in which the Portfolio may invest are members of the EU and have adopted the Euro as their sole currency. A monetary and economic union on this scale has not been attempted before and there is uncertainty whether participating countries will remain committed to the EU.
Although forward contracts may be used to protect the Portfolio from adverse currency movements, they involve the risk that anticipated currency movements will not be accurately predicted and the Portfolios total return could be adversely affected as a result.
Emerging Markets Securities Risk: Investing in emerging market securities imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in domestic securities or in foreign, developed countries. These risks include: smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; restrictions on foreign investment; and repatriation of investment income and capital. In addition, foreign investors may be required to register the proceeds of sales and future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization or creation of government monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. Dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the
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Portfolio. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries.
Additional risks of emerging market securities may include: greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability; more substantial governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental supervision and regulation; unavailability of currency hedging techniques; companies that are newly organized and small; differences in auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; and less developed legal systems. In addition, emerging securities markets may have different clearance and settlement procedures, which may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. Settlement problems may cause the Portfolio to miss attractive investment opportunities, hold a portion of its assets in cash pending investment, or be delayed in disposing of Portfolio securities. Such a delay could result in possible liability to a purchaser of the security.
The risks described above are more pronounced in frontier markets, which are investable markets with lower total market capitalization and liquidity than the more developed emerging markets.
Derivatives
The Portfolio may, but is not required to, use derivatives for hedging or risk management purposes or as part of its investment strategies. Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index. Derivatives can be used by investors such as the Portfolio to earn income and enhance returns, to hedge or adjust the risk profile of its investments, to replace more traditional direct investments and to obtain exposure to otherwise inaccessible markets. The Portfolio is permitted to use derivatives for one or more of these purposes. The Portfolio may take a significant position in those derivatives that are within its investment policies if, in the Managers judgment, this represents the most effective response to current or anticipated market conditions. There are four principal types of derivativesoptions, futures contracts, forward contracts and swapseach of which is described below. Derivatives include listed and cleared transactions where the Portfolios derivative trade counterparty is an exchange or clearinghouse and non-cleared bilateral over-the-counter transactions, where the Portfolios derivative trade counterparty is a financial institution. Exchange-traded or cleared derivatives transactions tend to be subject to less counterparty credit risk than those that are privately negotiated.
Additional regulation may make derivatives more costly, limit their availability or utility, otherwise adversely affect their performance, or disrupt markets.
The Portfolios use of derivatives may involve risks that are different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities or other more traditional instruments. These risks include the risk that the value of a derivative instrument may not correlate perfectly, or at all, with the value of the assets, reference rates, or indices that they are designed to track. Other risks include the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for a particular instrument and possible exchange-imposed price fluctuation limits, either of which may make it difficult or impossible to close out a position when desired and the risk that the counterparty will not perform its obligations. Certain derivatives may have a leverage component and involve leverage risk. Adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, note or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the Portfolios non-leveraged investment (in some cases, the potential loss is unlimited).
The Portfolios investments in derivatives may include, but are not limited to, the following:
| | Forward ContractsA forward contract is an agreement that obligates one party to buy, and the other party to sell, a specific quantity of an underlying commodity or other asset for an agreed upon price at a future date. A forward contract generally is settled by physical delivery of the commodity or asset to an agreed-upon location (rather than settled by cash), rolled forward into a new forward contract or, in the case of a non-deliverable forward, by a cash payment at maturity. The Portfolios investments in forward contracts may include the following: |
| | Forward Currency Exchange Contracts. The Portfolio may purchase or sell forward currency exchange contracts for hedging purposes to minimize the risk from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies or for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under Other Derivatives and StrategiesCurrency Transactions. The Portfolio, for example, may enter into a forward contract as a transaction hedge (to lock in the U.S. Dollar price of a non-U.S. Dollar security), as a position hedge (to protect the value of securities the Portfolio owns that are denominated in a foreign currency against substantial changes in the value of the foreign currency) or as a cross-hedge (to protect the value of securities the Portfolio owns that are denominated in a foreign currency against substantial changes in the value of that foreign currency by entering into a forward contract for a different foreign currency that is expected to change in the same direction as the currency in which the securities are denominated). |
| | Futures Contracts and Options on Futures ContractsA futures contract is a standardized, exchange-traded agreement that obligates the buyer to buy and the seller to sell a specified quantity of an underlying asset (or settle for cash the value of a contract based on an underlying asset, rate or index) at a specific price on the contract maturity date. Options on futures contracts are options that call for the delivery of futures contracts upon exercise. The Portfolio may purchase or sell futures contracts and options thereon to hedge against changes in interest rates, securities prices (through index futures or options) or currency exchange rates. |
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| | OptionsAn option is an agreement that, for a premium payment or fee, gives the option holder (the buyer) the right but not the obligation to buy (a call option) or sell (a put option) the underlying asset (or settle for cash an amount based on an underlying asset, rate, or index) at a specified price (the exercise price) during a period of time or on a specified date. Investments in options are considered speculative. The Portfolio may lose the premium paid for them if the price of the underlying security or other assets decreased or remained the same (in the case of a call option) or increased or remained the same (in the case of a put option). If a put or call option purchased by the Portfolio were permitted to expire without being sold or exercised, its premium would represent a loss to the Portfolio. The Portfolios investments in options include the following: |
| | Options on Foreign Currencies. The Portfolio may invest in options on foreign currencies that are privately negotiated or traded on U.S. or foreign exchanges for hedging purposes to protect against declines in the U.S. Dollar value of foreign currency denominated securities held by the Portfolio and against increases in the U.S. Dollar cost of securities to be acquired. The purchase of an option on a foreign currency may constitute an effective hedge against fluctuations in exchange rates, although if rates move adversely, the Portfolio may forfeit the entire amount of the premium plus related transaction costs. |
| | Options on Securities. The Portfolio may purchase or write a put or call option on securities. The Portfolio will write only covered options on securities, which means writing an option for securities the Portfolio owns. The Portfolio will not write any option if, immediately thereafter, the aggregate value of the Portfolios securities subject to outstanding options would exceed 25% of its net assets. |
| | Options on Securities Indices. An option on a securities index is similar to an option on a security except that, rather than taking or making delivery of a security at a specified price, an option on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of cash if the closing level of the chosen index is greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option. |
The Portfolio may write put or call options on securities indices to, among other things, earn income. If the value of the chosen index declined below the exercise price of the put option, the Portfolio has the risk of loss of the amount of the difference between the exercise price and the closing level of the chosen index, which it would be required to pay to the buyer of the put option and which may not be offset by the premium it received upon sale of the put option. Similarly, if the value of the index is higher than the exercise price of the call option, the Portfolio has the risk of loss of the amount of the difference between the exercise price and the closing level of the chosen index, which may not be offset by the premium it received upon sale of the call option. If the decline or increase in the value of the securities index is significantly below or above the exercise price of the written option, the Portfolio could experience a substantial loss.
| | Other Option Strategies. In an effort to earn extra income, to adjust exposure to individual securities or markets, or to protect all or a portion of its portfolio from a decline in value, sometimes within certain ranges, the Portfolio may use option strategies such as the concurrent purchase of a call or put option, including on individual securities and stock indices, futures contracts (including on individual securities and stock indices) or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) at one strike price and the writing of a call or put option on the same individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF at a higher strike price in the case of a call option or at a lower strike price in the case of a put option. The maximum profit from this strategy would result for the call options from an increase in the value of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF above the higher strike price or, for the put options, the decline in the value of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF below the lower strike price. If the price of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF declines in the case of the call option, or increases in the case of the put option, the Portfolio has the risk of losing the entire amount paid for the call or put options. |
| | SwapsA swap is an agreement that obligates two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at specified intervals (payment dates) based upon or calculated by reference to changes in specified prices or rates (e.g., interest rates in the case of interest rate swaps or currency exchange rates in the case of currency swaps) for a specified amount of an underlying asset (the notional principal amount). Generally, other than as described below, the notional principal amount is used solely to calculate the payment stream, but is not exchanged. Rather, most swaps are entered into on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with the Portfolio receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). Certain standardized swaps, including certain interest rate swaps and credit default swaps, are subject to mandatory central clearing, and the CFTC and the SEC, as applicable, may in the future require additional types of derivatives to be subject to mandatory clearing. Cleared swaps are transacted through futures commission merchants (FCMs) that are members of central clearinghouses with the clearinghouse serving as central counterparty, similar to transactions in futures contracts. The Portfolio will post initial and variation margin to support its obligations under cleared swaps by making payments to their clearing member FCMs. Central clearing is expected to reduce counterparty credit risks and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not make swap transactions risk free. Centralized clearing will be required for additional categories of swaps on a phased-in basis based on Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) approval of contracts for central clearing. The SEC may adopt similar clearing requirements in respect of security-based swaps. Bilateral swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors and are not cleared through |
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| a third party. Payments received by a Fixed-Income Municipal Portfolio from swap agreements will result in taxable income, either as ordinary income or capital gains, rather than tax-exempt income, which will increase the amount of taxable distributions received by shareholders. The Portfolios investments in swap transactions include the following: |
| | Currency Swaps. The Portfolio may invest in currency swaps for hedging purposes to protect against adverse changes in exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies or for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under Other Derivatives and StrategiesCurrency Transactions. Currency swaps involve the individually negotiated exchange by the Portfolio with another party of a series of payments in specified currencies. Actual principal amounts of currencies may be exchanged by the counterparties at the initiation, and again upon the termination, of the transaction. Therefore, the entire principal value of a currency swap is subject to the risk that the swap counterparty will default on its contractual delivery obligations. If there is a default by the counterparty to the transaction, the Portfolio will have contractual remedies under the transaction agreements. |
| | Total Return Swaps. The Portfolio may enter into total return swaps in order to take a long or short position with respect to an underlying asset. A total return swap involves commitments to pay interest in exchange for a market-linked return based on a notional amount of the underlying asset. Therefore, when the Portfolio enters into a total return swap, it is subject to the market price volatility of the underlying asset. To the extent that the total return of the security, group of securities or index underlying the swap exceeds or falls short of the offsetting interest obligation, the Portfolio will receive or make a payment to the counterparty. |
| | Interest Rate Swaps, Swaptions, Caps, and Floors. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Portfolio with another party of payments calculated by reference to specified interest rates (e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed rate payments). Unless there is a counterparty default, the risk of loss to the Portfolio from interest rate swap transactions is limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Portfolio is contractually obligated to make. If the counterparty to an interest rate swap transaction defaults, the Portfolios risk of loss consists of the net amount of interest payments that the Portfolio contractually is entitled to receive. |
An option on a swap agreement, also called a swaption, is an option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a future date in exchange for paying a market-based premium. A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset reference rate, or index. A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. Swaptions also include options that allow an existing swap to be terminated or extended by one of the counterparties.
The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a contractually-based principal amount from the party selling the interest rate cap. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on an agreed principal amount from the party selling the interest rate floor. It may be more difficult for the Portfolio to trade or close out interest rate caps and floors in comparison to other types of swaps.
There is no limit on the amount of interest rate transactions that may be entered into by the Portfolio. The value of these transactions will fluctuate based on changes in interest rates. Interest rate swap, swaption, cap, and floor transactions may be used to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or a portion of the Portfolio or to protect against an increase in the price of securities the Portfolio anticipates purchasing at a later date. Interest rate swaps may also be used to leverage the Portfolios investments by creating positions that are functionally similar to purchasing a municipal or other fixed-income security but may only require payments to a swap counterparty under certain circumstances and allow the Portfolio to efficiently increase (or decrease) its duration and income.
The Portfolio will enter into bilateral interest rate swap, cap or floor transactions only with counterparties whose debt securities (or whose guarantors debt securities) are rated at least A (or the equivalent) by at least one nationally recognized rating organization (NRSRO) at the time of the transaction and are on the Managers approved list of swap counterparties for that Portfolio. With respect to cleared interest rate swaps, the Manager will monitor the creditworthiness of each of the central clearing counterparty, clearing broker and executing broker, but there are no prescribed NRSRO rating requirements for these entities.
| | Inflation (CPI) Swaps. The Portfolio may enter into inflation swap agreements. Inflation swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to pay the cumulative percentage increase in a price index (the Consumer Price Index with respect to CPI swaps) over the term of the swap (with some lag on the inflation index), and the other pays a compounded fixed rate. Inflation swap agreements may be used to protect the NAV of the Portfolio against an unexpected change in the rate of inflation measured by an inflation index. The Portfolio will enter into inflation swaps on a net basis. The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Portfolios obligations over its entitlements with respect to each inflation swap will be accrued on a daily basis, and an amount of cash or liquid instruments having an aggregate NAV at least equal to the accrued excess will be segregated by the Portfolio. The values of inflation swap agreements are expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates are tied to |
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| the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. If nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates may rise, leading to a decrease in value of an inflation swap agreement. Additionally, payments received by the Portfolio from inflation swap agreements will result in taxable income, either as ordinary income or capital gains, rather than tax-exempt income, which will increase the amount of taxable distributions received by shareholders. |
| | Credit Default Swap Agreements. The buyer in a credit default swap contract is obligated to pay the seller a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract in return for a contingent payment upon the occurrence of a credit event with respect to an underlying reference obligation. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, failure to pay, obligation acceleration or modified restructuring. The Portfolio may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. As a seller, the Portfolio receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between one month and five years, provided that no credit event occurs. If a credit event occurs, the Portfolio typically must pay the contingent payment to the buyer, which will be either (i) the par value (face amount) of the reference obligation in which case the Portfolio will receive the reference obligation in return or (ii) an amount equal to the difference between the par value and the current market value of the reference obligation. The current market value of the reference obligation is typically determined via an auction process sponsored by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. The periodic payments previously received by the Portfolio, coupled with the value of any reference obligation received, may be less than the full amount it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss to the Portfolio. If the Portfolio is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Portfolio will lose its periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer typically receives full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. |
Credit default swaps may involve greater risks than if the Portfolio had invested in the reference obligation directly. Credit default swaps are subject to general market risk, illiquid investments risk and credit risk.
The Portfolio will enter into bilateral credit default swap transactions only with counterparties whose debt securities (or whose guarantors debt securities) are rated at least A (or the equivalent) by at least one NRSRO at the time of the transaction and are on the Managers approved list of swap counterparties for that Portfolio. With respect to cleared credit default swaps, the Manager will monitor the creditworthiness of each of the central clearing counterparty, clearing broker and executing broker, but there are no NRSRO prescribed rating requirements for these entities.
The Portfolio may enter into a credit default swap that provides for settlement by physical delivery if, at the time of entering into the swap, such delivery would not result in the Portfolio investing more than 20% of its total assets in securities rated lower than A by S&P Global, Fitch or Moodys. A subsequent deterioration of the credit quality of the underlying obligation of the credit default swap will not require the Portfolio to dispose of the swap.
Other Derivatives and Strategies
Currency TransactionsThe Portfolio may invest in non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities on a currency hedged or un-hedged basis. The Manager may actively manage the Portfolios currency exposures and may seek investment opportunities by taking long or short positions in currencies through the use of currency-related derivatives, including forward currency exchange contracts, futures and options on futures, swaps and options. The Manager may enter into currency transactions for investment opportunities when it anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Portfolio and do not present attractive investment opportunities. Such transactions may also be used when the Manager believes that it may be more efficient than a direct investment in a foreign currency-denominated security. The Portfolio may also conduct currency exchange contracts on a spot basis (i.e., for cash at the spot rate prevailing in the currency exchange market for buying or selling currencies).
Synthetic Foreign Equity SecuritiesThe Portfolio may invest in different types of derivatives generally referred to as synthetic foreign equity securities. These securities may include international warrants or local access products. International warrants are financial instruments issued by banks or other financial institutions, which may or may not be traded on a foreign exchange. International warrants are a form of derivative security that may give holders the right to buy or sell an underlying security or a basket of securities representing an index from or to the issuer of the warrant for a particular price or may entitle holders to receive a cash payment relating to the value of the underlying security or index, in each case upon exercise by the Portfolio. Local access products are similar to options in that they are exercisable by the holder for an underlying security or a cash payment based upon the value of that security, but are generally exercisable over a longer term than typical options. These types of instruments may be American style, which means that they can be exercised at any time on or before the expiration date of the international warrant, or European style, which means that they may be exercised only on the expiration date.
Other types of synthetic foreign equity securities in which the Portfolio may invest include covered warrants and low exercise price warrants. Covered warrants entitle the holder to purchase from the issuer, typically a financial institution, upon exercise, common stock of an international company or receive a cash payment (generally in U.S. Dollars). The issuer of the covered warrants usually owns the underlying security or has a mechanism, such as owning equity warrants on the underlying securities, through which it can obtain the underlying securities. The cash payment is calculated according to a predetermined formula, which is generally based on the difference between the
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value of the underlying security on the date of exercise and the strike price. Low exercise price warrants are warrants with an exercise price that is very low relative to the market price of the underlying instrument at the time of issue (e.g., one cent or less). The buyer of a low exercise price warrant effectively pays the full value of the underlying common stock at the outset. In the case of any exercise of warrants, there may be a time delay between the time a holder of warrants gives instructions to exercise and the time the price of the common stock relating to exercise or the settlement date is determined, during which time the price of the underlying security could change significantly. In addition, the exercise or settlement date of the warrants may be affected by certain market disruption events, such as difficulties relating to the exchange of a local currency into U.S. Dollars, the imposition of capital controls by a local jurisdiction or changes in the laws relating to foreign investments. These events could lead to a change in the exercise date or settlement currency of the warrants, or postponement of the settlement date. In some cases, if the market disruption events continue for a certain period of time, the warrants may become worthless, resulting in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants.
The Portfolio will acquire synthetic foreign equity securities issued by entities deemed to be creditworthy by the Manager, which will monitor the creditworthiness of the issuers on an ongoing basis. Investments in these instruments involve the risk that the issuer of the instrument may default on its obligation to deliver the underlying security or cash in lieu thereof. These instruments may also be subject to more illiquid investments risk because there may be a limited secondary market for trading the warrants. They are also subject, like other investments in foreign securities, to foreign (non-U.S.) risk and currency risk.
Illiquid Investments Risk
Illiquid investments risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Portfolio from selling out of these securities at an advantageous price. Investments may become illiquid after purchase by the Portfolio, particularly during periods of market turmoil. Derivatives and securities involving substantial market and credit risk tend to involve greater risk. Illiquid securities and securities that lack liquidity may also be difficult to value, especially in changing markets, and if the Portfolio is forced to sell these investments to meet redemption requests or for other cash needs, the Portfolio may suffer a loss. In addition, when there is illiquidity in the market for certain securities, the Portfolio, due to limitations on illiquid investments, may be subject to purchase and sale restrictions.
Investments in Pre-IPO Securities
The Portfolio may invest in pre-IPO (initial public offering) securities. Pre-IPO securities, or venture capital investments, are investments in new and early stage companies, often funded by venture capital and referred to as venture capital companies, whose securities have not been offered to the public and that are not publicly traded. These investments may present significant opportunities for capital appreciation, but involve a high degree of risk that may result in significant decreases in the value of these investments. Venture capital companies may not have established products, experienced management or earnings history. The Portfolio may not be able to sell such investments when the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel deem it appropriate to do so because they are not publicly traded. As such, these investments are generally considered to lack liquidity until a companys public offering (which may never occur) and are often subject to additional contractual restrictions on resale following any public offering that may prevent the Portfolio from selling its shares of these companies for a period of time. Market conditions, developments within a company, investor perception or regulatory decisions may adversely affect a venture capital company and delay or prevent a venture capital company from ultimately offering its securities to the public.
Investment in Smaller, Less-Seasoned Companies
Investment in smaller, less-seasoned companies involves greater risks than are customarily associated with securities of more established companies. Companies in the earlier stages of their development often have products and management personnel that have not been thoroughly tested by time or the marketplace; their financial resources may not be as substantial as those of more established companies. The securities of smaller, less-seasoned companies may have relatively limited marketability and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than securities of larger, more established companies or broad market indices. The revenue flow of such companies may be erratic, and their results of operations may fluctuate widely and may also contribute to stock price volatility.
| Additional Strategies and Risks |
The Portfolio may also invest in the following types of investments and employ the following investment strategies and be subject to their associated risks.
Illiquid Securities
The Portfolio limits its investments in illiquid securities to 15% of their net assets. Under Rule 22e-4 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), the term illiquid securities for this purpose means any security or investment that the Portfolio reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment.
If the Portfolio invests in illiquid securities it may not be able to sell such securities and may not be able to realize their full value upon sale. Restricted securities (securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale) may be illiquid. Some restricted securities (such as securities issued pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 (Rule 144A Securities) or certain commercial paper) may be more difficult to trade or dispose of than other types of securities.
Preferred Stock
The Portfolio may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock is a class of capital stock that typically pays dividends at a specified rate. Preferred stock is generally senior to common stock, but is subordinated to any debt the issuer has outstanding. Accordingly, preferred stock dividends are not paid until all debt obligations are first met. Preferred stock may be subject to more fluctuations in market value, due to changes in market
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participants perceptions of the issuers ability to continue to pay dividends, than debt of the same issuer.
Structured Products
The Portfolio may invest in certain derivatives-type instruments that combine a traditional stock or bond with, for example, a futures contract or an option. These instruments include structured notes and indexed securities, commodity-linked notes and commodity index-linked notes and credit-linked securities. The performance of the structured product, which is generally a fixed-income security, is tied (positively or negatively) to the price or prices of an unrelated reference indicator such as a security or basket of securities, currencies, commodities, a securities or commodities index or a credit default swap or other kinds of swaps. The structured product may not pay interest or protect the principal invested. The structured product or its interest rate may be a multiple of the reference indicator and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more rapidly than the reference indicator. Investments in structured products may provide a more efficient and less expensive means of obtaining exposure to underlying securities, commodities or other derivatives, but may potentially be more volatile and carry greater trading and market risk than investments in traditional securities. The purchase of a structured product also exposes the Portfolio to the credit risk of the structured product, including any counterparty risk.
Structured notes are derivative debt instruments. The interest rate or principal of these notes is determined by reference to an unrelated indicator (for example, a currency, security, or indices thereof) unlike a typical note where the borrower agrees to make fixed or floating interest payments and to pay a fixed sum at maturity. Indexed securities may include structured notes as well as securities other than debt securities, the interest or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator.
Commodity-linked notes and commodity index-linked notes provide exposure to the commodities markets. These are derivative securities with one or more commodity-linked components that have payment features similar to commodities futures contracts, commodity options, commodity indices or similar instruments. Commodity-linked products may be either equity or debt securities, leveraged or unleveraged, and have both security and commodity-like characteristics. A portion of the value of these instruments may be derived from the value of a commodity, futures contract, index or other economic variable.
The Portfolio may also invest in certain hybrid derivatives-type instruments that combine a traditional bond with certain derivatives such as a credit default swap, an interest rate swap or other securities. These instruments include credit-linked securities. The issuers of these securities frequently are limited purpose trusts or other special purpose vehicles that invest in a derivative instrument or basket of derivative instruments in order to provide exposure to certain fixed-income markets. For instance, the Portfolio may invest in credit-linked securities as a cash management tool to gain exposure to a certain market or to remain fully invested when more traditional income-producing securities are not available. The performance of the structured product, which is generally a fixed-income security, is linked to the receipt of payments from the counterparties to the derivatives instruments or other securities. The Portfolios investments in credit-linked securities are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including among others credit risk, default risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk and leverage risk. These securities are generally structured as Rule 144A Securities so that they may be freely traded among institutional buyers. However, changes in the market for credit-linked securities or the availability of willing buyers may result in reduced liquidity for the securities.
The Portfolio will not invest more than 20% of its total assets in structured products.
Real Estate Investment Trusts
The Portfolio may invest in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). REITs are pooled investment vehicles which invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. Similar to investment companies such as the Portfolio, REITs in the United States are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with several requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). The Portfolio will indirectly bear its proportionate share of expenses incurred by REITs in which the Portfolio invests in addition to the expenses incurred directly by the Portfolio.
Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are dependent upon management skills, are not diversified, and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self-liquidation.
Investing in REITs involves risks similar to those associated with investing in small-capitalization companies. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities. Historically, small-capitalization stocks, such as REITs, have had more price volatility than larger capitalization stocks.
REITs are subject to the possibilities of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code and failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) also are subject to interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REITs investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REITs
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investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to decline. In contrast, as interest rates on adjustable rate mortgage loans are reset periodically, yields on a REITs investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates, causing the value of such investments to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed-rate obligations.
Some non-U.S. countries have adopted REIT structures that are similar to those in the United States, including structures that have pass through tax treatment and portfolio diversification. Other countries may have REIT structures that are significantly different than those in the United States or may be subject to substantially different regulatory requirements or no regulation at all. The Portfolio may invest in non-U.S. REITs and REIT-like structures. It is expected that the risks described above would apply in a similar manner to non-U.S. REITs and REIT-like structures but there can be no assurance that exposure to such issuers will not involve risks substantially greater than the risks described with respect to REITs organized in the United States.
Forward Commitments
The Portfolio may purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis. Forward commitments for the purchase or sale of securities may include purchases or sales on a when-issued, delayed delivery or to be announced basis. In some cases, a forward commitment may be conditioned upon the occurrence of a subsequent event, such as approval and consummation of a merger, corporate reorganization or debt restructuring or approval of a proposed financing by appropriate authorities (i.e., a when, as and if issued trade).
When forward commitments with respect to fixed-income securities are negotiated, the price, which is generally expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but payment for and delivery of the securities take place at a later date. Securities purchased or sold under a forward commitment are subject to market fluctuation, and no interest or dividends accrue to the purchaser prior to the settlement date. There is the risk of loss if the value of either a purchased security declines before the settlement date or the security sold increases before the settlement date. The use of forward commitments helps the Portfolio to protect against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices.
Repurchase Agreements and Buy/Sell Back Transactions
The Portfolio may enter into repurchase agreements. In a repurchase agreement transaction the Portfolio buys a security and simultaneously agrees to sell it back to the counterparty at a specified price in the future. However, a repurchase agreement is economically similar to a secured loan, in that the Portfolio lends cash to a counterparty for a specific term, normally a day or a few days, and is given acceptable collateral (the purchased securities) to hold in case the counterparty does not repay the loan. The difference between the purchase price and the repurchase price of the securities reflects an agreed-upon interest rate. Given that the price at which the Portfolio will sell the collateral back is specified in advance, the Portfolio is not exposed to price movements on the collateral unless the counterparty defaults. If the counterparty defaults on its obligation to buy back the securities at the maturity date and the liquidation value of the collateral is less than the outstanding loan amount, the Portfolio would suffer a loss. In order to mitigate any potential credit exposure to the counterparty, if the value of the securities falls below a specified level that is linked to the loan amount during the life of the agreement, the counterparty must provide additional collateral to support the loan.
The Portfolio may enter into buy/sell back transactions, which are similar to repurchase agreements. In this type of transaction, the Portfolio enters a trade to buy securities at one price and simultaneously enters a trade to sell the same securities at another price on a specified date. Similar to a repurchase agreement, the repurchase price is higher than the sale price and reflects current interest rates. Unlike a repurchase agreement, however, the buy/sell back transaction is considered two separate transactions.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The Portfolio may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with banks, broker-dealers and other counterparties from time to time. In a reverse repurchase transaction, it is the Portfolio, rather than the other party to the transaction, that sells the securities and simultaneously agrees to repurchase them at a price reflecting an agreed-upon rate of interest. The Portfolio may not enter into reverse repurchase agreements if its obligations thereunder would be in excess of one third of the Portfolios total assets, less liabilities other than obligations under such reverse repurchase agreements. During the time a reverse repurchase agreement is outstanding, if the Portfolio maintains liquid assets in a segregated account with its custodian having a value at least equal to the repurchase price under the reverse repurchase agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements may create leverage, increasing the Portfolios opportunity for gain and risk of loss for a given fluctuation in the value of the Portfolios assets. There may also be risks of delay in recovery and, in some cases, even loss of rights in the underlying securities, should the opposite party fail financially.
Dollar Rolls
The Portfolio may enter into dollar rolls. Dollar rolls involve sales by the Portfolio of securities for delivery in the current month and the Portfolios simultaneously contracting to repurchase substantially similar (same type and coupon) securities on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Portfolio forgoes principal and interest paid on the securities. The Portfolio is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the drop) as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale. Dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities the Portfolio is obligated to repurchase under the agreement may decline below the repurchase price. The Portfolio may also enter into a type of dollar roll known as a fee roll. In a fee roll, the Portfolio is compensated for entering into the commitment to repurchase by fee income, which is received when the Portfolio enters into the commitment. Such fee income is recorded as deferred income and accrued by the Portfolio over the roll period. Dollar rolls
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may be considered to be borrowings by the Portfolio. When the Portfolio engages in a dollar roll, it is exposed to loss both on the investment of the cash proceeds of the sale and on the securities it has agreed to purchase.
Mortgage-Related and Asset-Related Securities
The Portfolio may invest in mortgage- and asset-related securities. Mortgage-related securities include mortgage pass-through securities, collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBSs), mortgage dollar rolls, CMO residuals, stripped mortgage-backed securities (SMBSs) and other securities that directly or indirectly represent a participation in or are secured by and payable from mortgage loans on real property. These securities may be issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of its sponsored entities or may be issued by private organizations.
The value of mortgage-related securities may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates. Early payments of principal on some mortgage-related securities may occur during periods of falling mortgage interest rates and expose the Portfolio to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. Early payments associated with mortgage-related securities cause these securities to experience significantly greater price and yield volatility than is experienced by traditional fixed-income securities. During periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective life of mortgage-related securities, subjecting them to greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates. If the life of a mortgage-related security is inaccurately predicted, the Portfolio may not be able to realize the rate of return it expected.
Certain CMBS are issued in several classes with different levels of yield and credit protection. The Portfolios investments in CMBS with several classes may be in the lower classes that have greater risks than the higher classes, including greater interest rate, credit and prepayment risks.
One type of SMBS has one class receiving all of the interest from the mortgage assets (the interest-only, or IO class) while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only, or PO class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the Portfolios yield to maturity from these securities.
Asset-related securities may include, among other things, securities backed by pools of automobile loans, education loans, home equity loans and credit card receivables.
Asset-related securities entail certain risks not presented by mortgage-backed securities, including the risk that it may be difficult to perfect the liens securing any collateral backing certain asset-backed securities. In addition, certain asset-backed securities are based on loans that are unsecured, which means that there is no collateral to seize if the underlying borrower defaults.
Investments in Lower-Rated Securities
Lower-rated securities, i.e., those rated Ba and lower by Moodys or BB and lower by S&P Global and Fitch (commonly known as junk bonds), are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher-rated securities. They also are generally considered to be subject to greater market risk than higher-rated securities. The capacity of issuers of lower-rated securities to pay interest and repay principal is more likely to weaken than is that of issuers of higher-rated securities in times of deteriorating economic conditions or rising interest rates. In addition, lower-rated securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic conditions than investment-grade securities.
The market for lower-rated securities may be less liquid than that for higher-rated securities, which can adversely affect the prices at which these securities can be sold. To the extent that there is no established secondary market for lower-rated securities, the Portfolio may experience difficulty in valuing such securities and, in turn, the Portfolios assets.
The Manager will try to reduce the risk inherent in investment in lower-rated securities through credit analysis, diversification, attention to current developments and trends in interest rates, and economic and political conditions. There can, however, be no assurance that losses will not occur. Since the risk of default is higher for lower-rated securities, the Managers research and credit analysis are a correspondingly more important aspect of its program for managing the Portfolios securities than would be the case if the Portfolio did not invest in lower-rated securities. In considering investments for the Portfolio, the Manager will attempt to identify issuers of lower-rated securities whose financial conditions are adequate to meet future obligations, have improved, or are expected to improve in the future.
Unrated Securities
The Manager also will consider investments in unrated securities for the Portfolio when the Manager believes that the financial condition of the issuers of the securities, or the protection afforded by the terms of the securities themselves, limits the risk to the Portfolio to a degree comparable to rated securities that are consistent with the Portfolios objective and policies.
Borrowings and Leverage
The Portfolio may use borrowings for investment purposes subject to applicable statutory or regulatory requirements. Borrowings by the Portfolio result in leveraging of the Portfolios shares. Likewise, the Portfolios investments in certain derivatives may effectively leverage the Portfolios portfolio. The Portfolio may use leverage for investment purposes by entering into transactions such as reverse repurchase agreements, forward contracts, dollar rolls or certain derivatives. This means that the Portfolio uses cash made available during the term of these transactions to make investments in other securities.
Utilization of leverage, which is usually considered speculative, involves certain risks to the Portfolios shareholders. These include a higher volatility of the NAV of the Portfolios shares and the relatively greater effect of changes in the value of the Portfolios portfolio on the NAV of the shares. In the case of borrowings for investment purposes, so long as the Portfolio is able to realize a net return on the portion of its investment portfolio resulting from leverage that is higher than the interest expense paid on borrowings,
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the effect of such leverage will be to cause the Portfolios shareholders to realize a higher net return than if the Portfolio were not leveraged. With respect to certain investments in derivatives that result in leverage of the Portfolios shares, if the Portfolio is able to realize a net return on its investments that is higher than the costs of the leverage, the effect of such leverage will be to cause the Portfolio to realize a higher net return than if the Portfolio were not leveraged. If the interest expense on borrowings or other costs of leverage approach the net return on the Portfolios investment portfolio or investments made through leverage, as applicable, the benefit of leverage to the Portfolios shareholders will be reduced. If the interest expense on borrowings or other costs of leverage were to exceed the net return to the Portfolio, the Portfolios use of leverage would result in a lower rate of net return than if the Portfolio were not leveraged. Similarly, the effect of leverage in a declining market would normally be a greater decrease in NAV than if the Portfolio were not leveraged.
Cyber Security Risk
As the use of the Internet and other technologies has become more prevalent in the course of business, the Portfolio has become more susceptible to operational and financial risks associated with cyber security. Cyber security incidents can result from deliberate attacks such as gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through hacking or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption, or from unintentional events, such as the inadvertent release of confidential information. Cyber security failures or breaches of the Portfolio or its service providers or the issuers of securities in which the Portfolio invests have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Portfolio shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. While measures have been developed which are designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security, there is no guarantee that those measures will be effective, particularly since the Portfolio does not control the cyber security defenses or plans of its service providers, financial intermediaries and companies in which they invest or with which they do business.
Cyber security incidents, both intentional and unintentional, may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Portfolio or shareholder assets, Portfolio or customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or cause the Portfolio, the Manager, and/or the Portfolios service providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or lose operational functionality, or prevent Portfolio investors from purchasing, redeeming or exchanging shares or receiving distributions. The Portfolio and the Manager have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cyber security incidents affecting third-party service providers. Cyber security incidents may result in financial losses to the Portfolio and its shareholders, and substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any future cyber security incidents.
Strategy
Securities and investment strategies with different characteristics tend to shift in and out of favor depending upon market and economic conditions as well as investor sentiment. The Portfolio may outperform or underperform other funds that employ different styles or strategies.
Operational Risk
Operational risks arise from factors such as processing errors and human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel, and errors caused by third-party service providers or trading counterparties. Although the Portfolio attempts to minimize such failures through controls and oversight, it is not possible to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the Portfolio or to develop processes and controls that completely eliminate or mitigate the occurrence of such failures. The Portfolio and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
| Additional Investment Information |
Future Developments
The Portfolio may take advantage of other investment practices that are not currently contemplated for use by the Portfolio, or are not available but may yet be developed, to the extent such investment practices are consistent with the Portfolios investment objective and legally permissible for the Portfolio. Such investment practices, if they arise, may involve risks that exceed those involved in the activities described above.
Portfolio Holdings
The Portfolios SAI includes a description of the policies and procedures that apply to disclosure of the Portfolios portfolio holdings.
Temporary Defensive Positions
For temporary defensive purposes in an attempt to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Portfolio may invest in certain types of short-term, liquid, investment grade or high-quality debt securities. While the Portfolio is investing for temporary defensive purposes, it may not meet its investment objective.
Changing the Investment Objectives and Policies of the Portfolio; When Shareholder Approval is Required
The Board of Directors of the SCB Fund (the Board) may change the Portfolios investment objective without shareholder approval. Under normal circumstances, the Portfolio will provide shareholders with 60 days prior written notice before any change to the investment objective of the Portfolio is implemented. A fundamental investment policy of the Portfolio cannot be changed without shareholder approval. Unless otherwise noted, the investment objective and all other investment policies of the Portfolio are not fundamental and thus may be changed without shareholder approval.
Pursuant to Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act, portfolios that have a non-fundamental policy to invest at least 80% of their net assets in securities indicated by their name will not change their policies without 60 days prior written notice to shareholders.
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Investment Policies and Limitations Apply at Time of Purchase Only
Unless otherwise specified, the policies and limitations discussed in this Prospectus apply at the time an instrument is purchased. Thus, a change of circumstances will not require the sale of an investment if it was otherwise properly purchased.
Portfolio Turnover
The portfolio turnover rate for the Portfolio is included in the Summary Information section as well as the Financial Highlights section. The Portfolio generally buys portfolio securities with the intention of holding them for investment. However, when market conditions or other circumstances warrant, securities may be purchased and sold without regard to the length of time held. From time to time, the Portfolio may engage in active short-term trading to seek short-term profits during periods of fluctuating interest rates, or for other reasons. This trading may increase the Portfolios rate of turnover and the incidence of short-term capital gain taxable as ordinary income. A higher rate of portfolio turnover may increase transaction costs, which must be borne by the Portfolio and its shareholders. These transaction costs can affect the Portfolios performance.
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This section discusses how to buy, sell or redeem, or exchange different classes of shares of the Portfolio that are offered in this Prospectus. The Portfolio offers three classes of shares through this Prospectus. Different classes of fund shares are available to certain private clients and institutional clients of the Manager and offered through a separate prospectus.
Each share class represents an investment in the same portfolio of securities, but the classes may have different sales charges and bear different ongoing distribution expenses. For additional information on the differences between the different classes of shares and factors to consider when choosing among them, please see The Different Share Class Expenses and Choosing a Share Class below. Only Class A shares offer Quantity Discounts on sales charges, as described below.
HOW TO BUY SHARES
The purchase of the Portfolios shares is priced at the next determined NAV after your order is received in proper form.
Class A Shares Shares Available to Retail Investors
You may purchase the Portfolios Class A shares through financial intermediaries, such as broker-dealers or banks. You also may purchase shares directly from the Portfolios principal underwriter, AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. (ABI). These purchases may be subject to an initial sales charge, an asset-based sales charge or CDSC, as described below.
| Purchase Minimums and Maximums |
Minimums:*
| Initial: |
$ | 2,500 | ||
| Subsequent: |
$ | 50 |
| * | Purchase minimums may not apply to some accounts established in connection with the Automatic Investment Program and to some retirement-related investment programs. These investment minimums also do not apply to persons participating in a fee-based program or Mutual Fund Only brokerage program which is sponsored and maintained by a registered broker-dealer or other financial intermediary with omnibus account or network level account arrangements with the Portfolio. |
Maximum Individual Purchase Amount:
| Class A shares |
None |
Class Z Shares Shares Available to Persons Participating in Certain Fee-Based Programs
Class Z shares of the Portfolio are available to persons participating in certain fee-based programs sponsored and maintained by registered broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries with omnibus account arrangements with the Portfolio.
Other Purchase Information
Your broker or financial intermediary must receive your purchase request by the Portfolio Closing Time, which is the close of regular trading on any day the Exchange is open (ordinarily, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes earlier, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading), and submit it to the Portfolio by a pre-arranged time for you to receive the next-determined NAV, less any applicable initial sales charge. The Portfolio Closing Time may be changed by the Board in its discretion.
If you are an existing Portfolio shareholder and you have completed the appropriate section of the Mutual Fund Application, you may purchase additional shares by telephone with payment by electronic funds transfer in amounts not exceeding $500,000. AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. (ABIS), must receive and confirm telephone requests before the Portfolio Closing Time, to receive that days public offering price. Call 800-221-5672 to arrange a transfer from your bank account.
Shares of the Portfolio are generally available for purchase in the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Except to the extent otherwise permitted by the Portfolio, the Portfolio will only accept purchase orders directly from U.S. citizens with a U.S. address (including an APO or FPO address) or resident aliens with a U.S. address (including an APO or FPO address) and a U.S. taxpayer identification number (i.e. W-9 tax status). Subject to the requirements of local law applicable to the offering of Portfolio shares, U.S. citizens (i.e. W-9 tax status) residing in foreign countries are permitted to purchase shares of the Portfolio through their accounts at U.S. registered broker/dealers and other similar U.S. financial intermediaries, provided the broker-dealer or intermediary has an agreement with the Portfolios distributor permitting it to accept orders for the purchase and sale of Portfolio shares.
The Portfolio will not accept purchase orders (including orders for the purchase of additional shares) from foreign persons or entities or from resident aliens who, to the knowledge of the Portfolio, have reverted to non-resident status (e.g., a resident alien who has a non-U.S. address at time of purchase).
Retirement Plans, Tax-Deferred Accounts and Employee Benefit Plans
Special eligibility rules apply to these types of investments. Except as indicated, there are no investment minimums for the plans listed below. Class A shares are available to:
| | Traditional and Roth IRAs (the minimums listed in the table above apply); |
| | SEPs, SAR-SEPs, SIMPLE IRAs, and individual 403(b) plans; |
| | all 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans, and non-qualified deferred compensation plans where plan level or omnibus accounts are held on the books of the SCB Fund (Group Retirement Plans) with assets of $1,000,000 or more; |
| | AllianceBernstein-sponsored Coverdell Education Savings Accounts ($2,000 initial investment minimum, $150 automatic investment program monthly minimum); |
| | AllianceBernstein-sponsored Group Retirement Plans; |
| | AllianceBernstein Link, AllianceBernstein Individual 401(k), and AllianceBernstein SIMPLE IRA plans with at least $250,000 in plan assets and 100 employees; and |
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| | certain defined contribution retirement plans that do not have plan level or omnibus accounts on the books of the Portfolio. |
IRA custodians, plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and other intermediaries may establish their own eligibility requirements as to the purchase, sale or exchange of Fund shares, including minimum and maximum investment requirements.
Advisor Class Shares
You may purchase Advisor Class shares through your financial advisor at NAV. Advisor Class shares may be purchased and held solely:
| | through accounts established under a fee-based program, sponsored and maintained by a registered broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and approved by ABI; |
| | through a defined contribution employee benefit plan (e.g., a 401(k) plan) that purchases shares directly without the involvement of a financial intermediary; and |
| | by investment advisory clients of, and certain other persons associated with, the Manager and its affiliates or the Portfolio. |
Advisor Class shares may also be available on brokerage platforms of firms that have agreements with ABI to offer such shares when acting solely on an agency basis for their customers for the purchase or sale of such shares. If you transact in Advisor Class shares through one of these programs, your broker may require you to pay it a commission and/or other forms of compensation. Shares of the Portfolio are available in other share classes that have different fees and expenses.
The Portfolios SAI has more detailed information about who may purchase and hold Advisor Class shares.
Retirement Plans, Tax-Deferred Accounts and Employee Benefit Plans
Class Z shares of the Portfolio are available to certain institutional clients of the Manager that invest at least $2,000,000 in the Portfolio, persons participating in certain fee-based programs sponsored and maintained by registered broker dealers or other financial intermediaries with omnibus account arrangements with the Portfolio, and Group Retirement Plans.
Required Information
The Portfolio is required by law to obtain, verify and record certain personal information from you or persons authorized to act on your behalf in order to establish an account. Required information includes name, date of birth, permanent residential address and taxpayer identification number (for most investors, your social security number). The Portfolio may also ask to see other identifying documents. If you do not provide the information, the Portfolio will not be able to open your account. If the Portfolio is unable to verify your identity, or that of another person(s) authorized to act on your behalf, or if the Portfolio believes it has identified potentially criminal activity, the Portfolio reserves the right to take action it deems appropriate or as required by law, which may include closing your account. If you are not a U.S. citizen or resident alien, your account must be affiliated with a Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) member firm.
The Portfolio is required to apply backup withholding to taxable dividends, capital gains distributions, and redemptions paid to any shareholder who has not provided the Portfolio with his or her correct taxpayer identification number. To avoid this, you must provide your correct taxpayer identification number (social security number for most investors) on your Mutual Fund Application.
General
IRA custodians, plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries, plan recordkeepers, and other financial intermediaries may establish their own eligibility requirements as to the purchase, sale or exchange of Portfolio shares, including minimum and maximum investment requirements. The Portfolio is not responsible for, and has no control over, the decisions of any plan sponsor, fiduciary or other financial intermediary to impose such differing requirements. ABI may refuse any order to purchase shares. The Portfolio reserves the right to suspend the sale of its shares to the public in response to conditions in the securities markets or for other reasons.
THE DIFFERENT SHARE CLASS EXPENSES
This section describes the different expenses of investing in each class and explains factors to consider when choosing a class of shares. The expenses can include distribution and/or service (Rule 12b-1) fees, initial sales charges and/or CDSCs. Only Class A shares offer Quantity Discounts as described below.
Asset-Based Sales Charges or Distribution and/or Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees
WHAT IS A RULE 12b-1 FEE?
A Rule 12b-1 fee is a fee deducted from the Portfolios assets that is used to pay for personal service, maintenance of shareholder accounts and distribution costs, such as advertising and compensation of financial intermediaries. The Portfolio has adopted plans pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act that allow the Portfolio to pay asset-based sales charges or distribution and/or service (Rule 12b-1) fees for the distribution and sale of its shares. The amount of each share classs Rule 12b-1 fee, if any, is disclosed below and in the Portfolios fee table included in the Summary Information section above.
The amount of Rule 12b-1 and/or service fees for each class of the Portfolios shares is up to:
| Distribution and/or Service Percentage of Aggregate Average Daily Net Assets) | ||
| Class A | 0.25%* | |
| Advisor Class | None | |
| Class Z | None |
| * | The maximum fee allowed under the Rule 12b-1 Plan for the Class A shares of the Portfolio is .30% of the aggregate average daily net assets. The Board currently limits the payments to 0.25%. |
Because these fees are paid out of the Portfolios assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your
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investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales fees. All or some of these fees may be paid to financial intermediaries, including your financial intermediarys firm.
Sales Charges
Class A Shares
With respect to the Portfolio, you can purchase Class A shares at their public offering price (or cost), which is NAV plus an initial sales charge of up to 4.25% of the offering price. Any applicable sales charge will be deducted directly from your investment.
The initial sales charge you pay each time you buy Class A shares differs depending on the amount you invest and may be reduced or eliminated for larger purchases as indicated below. These discounts, which are also known as Breakpoints or Quantity Discounts, can reduce or, in some cases, eliminate the initial sales charges that would otherwise apply to your investment in Class A shares. The sales charge schedule of Class A share Quantity Discounts is as follows:
| Initial Sales Charge | ||||||||
| Amount Purchased | as % of Net Amount |
as % of Offering Price |
||||||
| Up to $100,000 |
4.44 | % | 4.25 | % | ||||
| $100,000 up to $250,000 |
3.36 | 3.25 | ||||||
| $250,000 up to $500,000 |
2.30 | 2.25 | ||||||
| $500,000 up to $1,000,000 |
1.78 | 1.75 | ||||||
| $1,000,000 and above |
0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
Except as noted below, purchases of Class A shares in the amount of $1,000,000 or more or by AllianceBernstein or non-AllianceBernstein sponsored Group Retirement Plans are not subject to an initial sales charge, but may be subject to a 1% CDSC if redeemed or terminated within one year.
Class A Share purchases not subject to sales charges.
The Portfolio may sell its Class A shares at NAV without an initial sales charge or CDSC to some categories of investors, including:
| | persons participating in a fee-based program, sponsored and maintained by a registered broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, under which persons pay an asset-based fee for services in the nature of investment advisory or administrative services or clients of broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries who purchase Class A shares for their own accounts through self-directed and/or non-discretionary brokerage accounts with the broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries that may or may not charge a transaction fee to its customers; |
| | plan participants who roll over amounts distributed from employer maintained retirement plans to AllianceBernstein sponsored IRAs where the plan is a client of or serviced by the Managers Institutional Investment Management Division or Bernstein Global Wealth Management Division, including subsequent contributions to those IRAs; |
| | certain other investors, such as investment management clients of the Manager or its affiliates, including clients and prospective clients of the Managers Institutional Investment Management Division, employees of selected dealers authorized to sell the SCB Funds shares, and employees of the Manager; or |
| | persons participating in a Mutual Fund Only brokerage program, sponsored and maintained by a registered broker-dealer or other financial intermediary. |
The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts will depend on whether you purchase your shares directly from the Portfolio or through a financial intermediary. Intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers and discounts or CDSC waivers. In all instances, it is the purchasers responsibility to notify the Portfolio or the purchasers financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Portfolio shares directly from the Portfolio or through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts.
Please see the Portfolios SAI for more information about purchases of Class A shares without sales charges.
Certain intermediaries impose different eligibility criteria for sales load waivers and discounts, which are described in Appendix BFinancial Intermediary Waivers.
HOW IS THE CDSC CALCULATED?
The CDSC is applied to the lesser of NAV at the time of redemption or the original cost of shares being redeemed (or, as to Portfolio shares acquired through an exchange, the cost of the AB Mutual Fund shares originally purchased for cash). This means that no sales charge is assessed on increases in NAV above the initial purchase price. Shares obtained from dividend or distribution reinvestment are not subject to the CDSC. In determining the CDSC, it will be assumed that the redemption is, first, of any shares not subject to a CDSC and, second, of shares held the longest.
Advisor Class Shares and Class Z Shares. These share classes are not subject to any initial sales charge or CDSC, although your financial advisor may charge a fee.
SALES CHARGE REDUCTION PROGRAMS FOR CLASS A SHARES
This section includes important information about sales charge reduction programs available to investors in Class A shares and describes information or records you may need to provide to the Portfolio or your financial intermediary in order to be eligible for sales charge reduction programs. Your financial intermediary may have different policies and procedures regarding eligibility for sales charge reduction programs. See Appendix BFinancial Intermediary Waivers.
Information about Quantity Discounts and sales charge reduction programs also is available free of charge and in a clear and
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prominent format on our website at www.abfunds.com (click on InvestmentsMutual Funds, select the Portfolio, then click on More LiteratureUnderstanding Sales Charges & Expenses). More information on Breakpoints and other sales charge waivers is available in the Portfolios SAI.
You Can Reduce Sales Charges
When Buying Class A Shares
Rights of Accumulation
To determine if a new investment in Class A shares is eligible for a Quantity Discount, a shareholder can combine the value of the new investment in the Portfolio with the higher of cost or NAV of existing investments in the Portfolio, any other AB Mutual Fund or AB Institutional Funds for which the shareholder, his or her spouse or domestic partner, or child under the age of 21 is the participant. The AB Mutual Funds use the higher of cost or current NAV of your existing investments when combining them with your new investment.
Combined Purchase Privileges
A shareholder may qualify for a Quantity Discount by combining purchases of shares of the Portfolio into a single purchase. A purchase means a single purchase or concurrent purchases of shares of the Portfolio or any other AB Mutual Fund, including AB Institutional Funds, by:
| | an individual, his or her spouse or domestic partner, or the individuals children under the age of 21 purchasing shares for his, her or their own account(s); |
| | a trustee or other fiduciary purchasing shares for a single trust, estate or single fiduciary account with one or more beneficiaries involved; |
| | the employee benefit plans of a single employer; or |
| | any company that has been in existence for at least six months or has a purpose other than the purchase of shares of the Portfolio. |
Letter of Intent
An investor may not immediately invest a sufficient amount to reach a Quantity Discount, but may plan to make one or more additional investments over a period of time that, in the end, would qualify for a Quantity Discount. For these situations, the Portfolio offers a Letter of Intent, which permits new investors to express the intention, in writing, to invest at least $100,000 in Class A shares of the Portfolio or any AB Mutual Fund within 13 months. The Portfolio will then apply the Quantity Discount to each of the investors purchases of Class A shares that would apply to the total amount stated in the Letter of Intent. In the event an existing investor chooses to initiate a Letter of Intent, the AB Mutual Funds will use the higher of cost or current NAV of the investors existing investments and of those accounts with which investments are combined via Combined Purchase Privileges toward the fulfillment of the Letter of Intent. For example, if the combined cost of purchases totaled $80,000 and the current NAV of all applicable accounts is $85,000 at the time a $100,000 Letter of Intent is initiated, the subsequent investment of an additional $15,000 would fulfill the Letter of Intent. If an investor fails to invest the total amount stated in the Letter of Intent, the Portfolio will retroactively collect the sales charge otherwise applicable by redeeming shares in the investors account at their then current NAV. Investors qualifying for Combined Purchase Privileges may purchase shares under a single Letter of Intent.
Required Shareholder Information and Records
In order for shareholders to take advantage of sales charge reductions, a shareholder or his or her financial intermediary must notify the Portfolio that the shareholder qualifies for a reduction. Without notification, the Portfolio is unable to ensure that the reduction is applied to the shareholders account. A shareholder may have to provide information or records to his or her financial intermediary or the Portfolio to verify eligibility for breakpoint privileges or other sales charge waivers. This may include information or records, including account statements, regarding shares of the Portfolio or other AB Mutual Funds held in:
| | all of the shareholders accounts at the Portfolio or a financial intermediary; and |
| | accounts of related parties of the shareholder, such as members of the same family, at any financial intermediary. |
CDSC WAIVERS AND OTHER PROGRAMS
Here Are Some Ways To Avoid Or
Minimize Charges On Redemption.
CDSC Waivers
The Portfolio will waive the CDSCs on redemptions of shares in the following circumstances, among others:
| | permitted exchanges of shares; |
| | following the death or disability of a shareholder; |
| | if the redemption represents a minimum required distribution from an IRA or other retirement plan to a shareholder who has attained the age of 701/2; or |
| | if the redemption is necessary to meet a plan participants or beneficiarys request for a distribution or loan from a Group Retirement Plan or to accommodate a plan participants or beneficiarys direction to reallocate his or her plan account among other investment alternatives available under a Group Retirement Plan. |
Please see the Portfolios SAI for a list of additional circumstances in which the Portfolio will waive the CDSC on redemptions of shares.
Your financial intermediary may have different policies and procedures regarding eligibility for CDSC Waivers. See Appendix BFinancial Intermediary Waivers.
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Other Programs
Dividend Reinvestment Program
Unless you specifically have elected to receive dividends or distributions in cash, they will automatically be reinvested, without an initial sales charge or CDSC, in the same class of additional shares of the Portfolio. If you elect to receive distributions in cash, you will only receive a check if the amount of the distribution is equal to or exceeds $25.00. Distributions of less than $25.00 will automatically be reinvested in shares of the Portfolio. To receive distributions of less than $25.00 in cash, you must have bank instructions associated to your account so that distributions can be delivered to you electronically via Electronic Funds Transfer using the Automated Clearing House or ACH. In addition, the Portfolio may reinvest your distribution check (and future checks) in additional shares of the Portfolio if your check (i) is returned as undeliverable or (ii) remains uncashed for nine months.
Dividend Direction Plan
A shareholder who already maintains accounts in more than one AB Mutual Fund may direct the automatic investment of income dividends and/or capital gains by one Portfolio, in any amount, without the payment of any sales charges, in shares of any eligible class of one or more other AB Mutual Fund(s) in which the shareholder maintains an account.
Automatic Investment Program
The Automatic Investment Program allows investors to purchase shares of the Portfolio through pre-authorized transfers of funds from the investors bank account. Under the Automatic Investment Program, an investor may (i) make an initial purchase of at least $2,500 and invest at least $50 monthly or (ii) make an initial purchase of less than $2,500 and commit to a monthly investment of $200 or more until the investors account balance is $2,500 or more. Please see the Portfolios SAI for more details.
Reinstatement Privilege
A shareholder who has redeemed all or any portion of his or her Class A shares may reinvest all or any portion of the proceeds from the redemption in Class A shares of any AB Mutual Fund at NAV without any sales charge, if the reinvestment is made within 120 calendar days after the redemption date.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
The Portfolio offers a systematic withdrawal plan that permits the redemption of Class A shares without payment of a CDSC. Under this plan, redemptions equal to 1% a month, 2% every two months or 3% a quarter of the value of the Portfolio account would be free of a CDSC. Shares would be redeemed so that Class A shares that are held the longest would be redeemed first.
CHOOSING A SHARE CLASS
Each share class represents an interest in the same portfolio of securities, but each class has its own sales charge and expense structure allowing you to choose the class that best fits your situation. In choosing a class of shares, you should consider:
| | whether you are eligible to invest in a particular share class; |
| | the amount you intend to invest; |
| | expenses associated with owning a particular class of shares; and |
| | whether a share class is available for purchase. |
A transaction, service, administrative or other similar fee may be charged by your broker-dealer, agent or other financial intermediary, with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of Class A, Class Z or Advisor Class shares made through your financial advisor, or in connection with participation on the intermediarys platform. Financial intermediaries, or a fee-based program, or, for Group Retirement Plans, a plan sponsor or plan fiduciary, also may impose requirements on the purchase, sale or exchange of shares that are different from, or in addition to, those described in this Prospectus and the Portfolios SAI, including requirements as to the minimum initial and subsequent investment amounts. In addition, Group Retirement Plans may not offer all classes of shares of the Portfolio. The Portfolio is not responsible for, and has no control over, the decision of any financial intermediary, plan sponsor or fiduciary to impose such differing requirements.
You should consult your financial advisor for assistance in choosing a class of Portfolio shares.
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL ADVISORS AND THEIR FIRMS
Financial intermediaries market and sell shares of the Portfolio. These financial intermediaries employ financial advisors and receive compensation for selling shares of the Portfolio. This compensation is paid from various sources, including any sales charge, CDSC and/or Rule 12b-1 fee that you or the Portfolio may pay. Your individual financial advisor may receive some or all of the amounts paid to the financial intermediary that employs him or her.
WHAT IS A FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY?
A financial intermediary is a firm that receives compensation for selling shares of the Portfolio offered in this Prospectus and/or provides services to the Portfolios shareholders. Financial intermediaries may include, among others, your broker, your financial planner or advisor, banks and insurance companies. Financial intermediaries may employ financial advisors who deal with you and other investors on an individual basis.
All or a portion of the initial sales charge that you pay may be paid by ABI to financial intermediaries selling Class A shares. ABI may also pay these financial intermediaries a fee of up to 1% on purchases of $1,000,000 or more or for AllianceBernstein Link, AllianceBernstein SIMPLE IRA plans with more than $250,000 in assets or for purchases made by certain other retirement plans.
For Class A shares, up to 100% of the Rule 12b-1 fees applicable to these classes of shares each year may be paid to financial intermediaries.
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Your financial advisors firm receives compensation from the Portfolio, ABI and/or the Manager in several ways from various sources, which include some or all of the following:
| - | upfront sales commissions; |
| - | Rule 12b-1 fees; |
| - | additional distribution support; |
| - | defrayal of costs for educational seminars and training; and |
| - | payments related to providing shareholder recordkeeping and/or transfer agency services. |
Please read the Prospectus carefully for information on this compensation.
Other Payments for Distribution Services and Educational Support
In addition to the commissions paid to or charged by financial intermediaries at the time of sale and Rule 12b-1 fees, some or all of which may be paid to financial intermediaries (and, in turn, to your financial advisor), ABI, at its expense, currently provides additional payments to firms that sell shares of the AB Mutual Funds. Although the individual components may be higher and the total amount of payments made to each qualifying firm in any given year may vary, the total amount paid to a financial intermediary in connection with the sale of shares of the AB Mutual Funds will generally not exceed the sum of (a) 0.25% of the current years fund sales by that firm and (b) 0.10% of average daily net assets attributable to that firm over the year. These sums include payments for distribution analytical data regarding AB Mutual Fund sales by financial advisors of these firms and to reimburse directly or indirectly the costs incurred by these firms and their employees in connection with educational seminars and training efforts about the AB Mutual Funds for the firms employees and/or their clients and potential clients. The costs and expenses associated with these efforts may include travel, lodging, entertainment and meals. ABI may pay a portion of ticket or other transactional charges.
For 2019, ABIs additional payments to these firms for distribution services and educational support related to the AB Mutual Funds are expected to be approximately 0.05% of the average monthly assets of the AB Mutual Funds, or approximately $22 million. For 2018, ABI expects to pay approximately 0.05% of the average monthly assets of the AB Mutual Funds or approximately $20 million for distribution services and educational support related to the AB Mutual Funds.
A number of factors are considered in determining the additional payments, including each firms AB Mutual Fund sales, assets and redemption rates, and the willingness and ability of the firm to give ABI access to its financial advisors for educational and marketing purposes. In some cases, firms will include the AB Mutual Funds on a preferred list. ABIs goal is to make the financial advisors who interact with current and prospective investors and shareholders more knowledgeable about the AB Mutual Funds so that they can provide suitable information and advice about the funds and related investor services.
The Portfolio and ABI also make payments for recordkeeping and other transfer agency services to financial intermediaries that sell AB Mutual Fund shares. Please see Management of the PortfolioTransfer Agency and Retirement Plan Services below. These expenses paid by the Portfolio are included in Other Expenses under Fees and Expenses of the PortfolioAnnual Portfolio Operating Expenses in the Summary Information at the beginning of this Prospectus.
If one mutual fund sponsor makes greater distribution assistance payments than another, your financial advisor and his or her firm may have an incentive to recommend one fund complex over another. Similarly, if your financial advisor or his or her firm receives more distribution assistance for one share class versus another, then they may have an incentive to recommend that class.
Please speak with your financial advisor to learn more about the total amounts paid to your financial advisor and his or her firm by the Portfolio, the Manager, ABI and by sponsors of other mutual funds he or she may recommend to you. You should also consult disclosures made by your financial advisor at the time of purchase.
As of the date of the Prospectus, ABI anticipates that the firms that will receive additional payments for distribution services and/or educational support include:
AIG Advisor Group
American Enterprise Investment Services
AXA Advisors
Cadaret, Grant & Co.
Citigroup Global Markets
Citizens Securities
Commonwealth Financial Network
Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Co.
Institutional Cash Distributors (ICD)
John Hancock Retirement Plan Services
JP Morgan Securities
Lincoln Financial Advisors Corp.
Lincoln Financial Securities Corp.
LPL Financial
Merrill Lynch
Morgan Stanley
Northwestern Mutual Investment Services
PNC Investments
Raymond James
RBC Wealth Management
Robert W. Baird
UBS Financial Services
US Bancorp Investments
Voya Financial Partners
Waddell & Reed, Inc.
Wells Fargo Advisors
ABI expects that additional firms may be added to this list from time to time.
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Although the Portfolio may use brokers and dealers that sell shares of the Portfolio to effect portfolio transactions, the Portfolio does not consider the sale of AB Mutual Fund shares as a factor when selecting brokers and/or dealers to effect portfolio transactions.
HOW TO EXCHANGE SHARES
You may exchange your Portfolio shares for shares of the same class of other AB Mutual Funds provided that: (i) the other fund offers the same class of shares and, in the case of retirement plans, is an investment option under the plan, and (ii) you meet the eligibility requirements for such class in the Portfolio you are exchanging into. Exchanges of shares are made at the next-determined NAV, without sales or service charges after your order is received in proper form. All exchanges are subject to the minimum investment restrictions and other eligibility requirements set forth in the prospectus for the AB Mutual Fund whose shares are being acquired. You may request an exchange either directly or through your financial intermediary or, in the case of retirement plan participants, by following the procedures specified by your plan sponsor or plan recordkeeper. In order to receive a days NAV, ABIS must receive and confirm your telephone exchange request by the Portfolio Closing Time on that day. The Portfolio may modify, restrict or terminate the exchange privilege on 60 days written notice.
HOW TO SELL OR REDEEM SHARES
You may redeem your shares (i.e., sell your shares to the Portfolio) on any day the New York Stock Exchange (the Exchange) is open, either directly or through your financial intermediary or, in the case of retirement plan participants, by following the procedures specified by your plan sponsor or plan recordkeeper. For Advisor Class and Class Z shares, if you are in doubt about what procedures or documents are required by your fee-based program or employee benefit plan to sell your shares, you should contact your financial intermediary. Your sale price will be the next-determined NAV, less any applicable CDSC, after the Portfolio receives your redemption request in proper form. The Portfolio expects that it will typically take one to three business days following receipt of your redemption request in proper form to pay out redemption proceeds. However, while not expected, payment of redemption proceeds may take up to seven days from the day your request is received in proper form by the Portfolio by the Portfolio Closing Time. If you recently purchased your shares by check or electronic funds transfer, your redemption payment may be delayed until the Portfolio is reasonably satisfied that the check or electronic funds transfer has been collected (which may take up to 10 days).
The Portfolio expects, under normal circumstances, to use cash or cash equivalents held by the Portfolio to satisfy redemption requests. The Portfolio may also determine to sell portfolio assets to meet such requests. Under certain circumstances, including stressed market conditions, the Portfolio may determine to pay a redemption request by accessing a bank line of credit or by distributing wholly or partly in kind securities from its portfolio, instead of cash.
Sale In-Kind. The Portfolio normally pays proceeds of a sale of Portfolio shares in cash. However, the Portfolio has reserved the right to pay the sale price in whole or in part by a distribution in-kind of securities in lieu of cash. If the redemption payment is made in-kind, the securities received will be subject to market risk and may decline in value. In addition, you may incur brokerage commissions if you elect to sell the securities for cash.
Selling Shares Through Your Financial Intermediary or Retirement Plan
Your financial intermediary or plan recordkeeper must receive your sales request by the Portfolio Closing Time and submit it to the Portfolio by a pre-arranged time for you to receive that days NAV, less any applicable CDSC. Your financial intermediary, plan sponsor or plan recordkeeper is responsible for submitting all necessary documentation to the Portfolio and may charge you a fee for this service.
Selling Shares Directly to the SCB Fund
By Mail:
| | Send a signed letter of instruction or stock power, along with certificates, to: |
AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc.
P.O. Box 786003
San Antonio, TX 78278-6003
| | For certified or overnight deliveries, send to: |
AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc.
8000 IH 10 W, 13th Floor
San Antonio, TX 78230
| | For your protection, a bank, a member firm of a national stock exchange or another eligible guarantor institution must guarantee signatures. Stock power forms are available from your financial intermediary, ABIS and many commercial banks. Additional documentation is required for the sale of shares by corporations, intermediaries, fiduciaries and surviving joint owners. If you have any questions about these procedures, contact ABIS. |
By Telephone:
| | You may redeem your shares for which no stock certificates have been issued by telephone request. Call ABIS at 800-221-5672 with instructions on how you wish to receive your sale proceeds. |
| | ABIS must receive and confirm a telephone redemption request by the Portfolio Closing Time for you to receive that days NAV, less any applicable CDSC. |
| | For your protection, ABIS will request personal or other information from you to verify your identity and will generally record the calls. Neither the Portfolio nor the Manager, ABIS, ABI or other Portfolio agent will be liable for any loss, injury, damage or expense as a result of acting upon telephone instructions purporting to be on your behalf that ABIS reasonably believes to be genuine. |
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| | If you have selected electronic funds transfer in your Mutual Fund Application, the redemption proceeds will be sent directly to your bank. Otherwise, the proceeds will be mailed to you. |
| | Redemption requests by electronic funds transfer or check may not exceed $100,000 per Portfolio account per day. |
| | Telephone redemption is not available for shares held in nominee or street name accounts, retirement plan accounts, or shares held by a shareholder who has changed his or her address of record within the previous 30 calendar days. |
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF PORTFOLIO SHARES
The Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to detect and deter frequent purchases and redemptions of Portfolio shares or excessive or short-term trading that may disadvantage long-term Portfolio shareholders. These policies are described below. There is no guarantee that the Portfolio will be able to detect excessive or short-term trading or to identify shareholders engaged in such practices, particularly with respect to transactions in omnibus accounts. Shareholders should be aware that application of these policies may have adverse consequences, as described below, and avoid frequent trading in Portfolio shares through purchases, sales and exchanges of shares. The Portfolio reserves the right to restrict, reject or cancel, without any prior notice, any purchase or exchange order for any reason, including any purchase or exchange order accepted by any shareholders financial intermediary.
Risks Associated with Excessive or Short-term Trading Generally. While the Portfolio will try to prevent market timing by utilizing the procedures described below, these procedures may not be successful in identifying or stopping excessive or short-term trading in all circumstances. By realizing profits through short-term trading, shareholders that engage in rapid purchases and sales or exchanges of the Portfolios shares dilute the value of shares held by long-term shareholders. Volatility resulting from excessive purchases and sales or exchanges of Portfolio shares, especially involving large dollar amounts, may disrupt efficient portfolio management and cause the Portfolio to sell portfolio securities at inopportune times to raise cash to accommodate redemptions relating to short-term trading activity. In particular, the Portfolio may have difficulty implementing its long-term investment strategies if it is forced to maintain a higher level of its assets in cash to accommodate significant short-term trading activity. In addition, the Portfolio may incur increased administrative and other expenses due to excessive or short-term trading, including increased brokerage costs and realization of taxable capital gains.
If the Portfolio invests significantly in securities of foreign issuers it may be particularly susceptible to short-term trading strategies. This is because securities of foreign issuers are typically traded on markets that close well before the time the Portfolio ordinarily calculates its NAV at 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, which gives rise to the possibility that developments may have occurred in the interim that would affect the value of these securities. The time zone differences among international stock markets can allow a shareholder engaging in a short-term trading strategy to exploit differences in Portfolio share prices that are based on closing prices of securities of foreign issuers established some time before the Portfolio calculates its own share price (referred to as time zone arbitrage). The Portfolio has procedures, referred to as fair value pricing, designed to adjust closing market prices of securities of foreign issuers to reflect what is believed to be the fair value of those securities at the time the Portfolio calculates its NAV. While there is no assurance, the Portfolio expects that the use of fair value pricing, in addition to the short-term trading policies discussed below, will significantly reduce a shareholders ability to engage in time zone arbitrage to the detriment of other Portfolio shareholders.
A shareholder engaging in a short-term trading strategy may also target the Portfolio irrespective of its investments in securities of foreign issuers. If the Portfolio invests in securities that are, among other things, thinly traded, traded infrequently or that have limited capacity (for example, certain small-cap stocks, foreign securities and derivative instruments), it has the risk that the current market price for the securities may not accurately reflect current market values. A shareholder may seek to engage in short-term trading to take advantage of these pricing differences (referred to as price arbitrage). The Portfolio may be adversely affected by price arbitrage.
Policy Regarding Short-term Trading. Purchases and exchanges of shares of the Portfolio should be made for investment purposes only. The Portfolio seeks to prevent patterns of excessive purchases and sales or exchanges of Portfolio shares to the extent they are detected by the procedures described below, subject to the Portfolios ability to monitor purchase, sale and exchange activity. The Portfolio reserves the right to modify this policy, including any surveillance or account blocking procedures established from time to time to effectuate this policy, at any time without notice.
| | Transaction Surveillance Procedures. The Portfolio, through its agents, ABI and ABIS, maintains surveillance procedures to detect excessive or short-term trading in Portfolio shares. This surveillance process involves several factors, which include scrutinizing transactions in Portfolio shares that exceed certain monetary thresholds or numerical limits within a specified period of time. Generally, more than two exchanges of Portfolio shares during any 60-day period or purchases of shares followed by a sale within 60 days will be identified by these surveillance procedures. For purposes of these transaction surveillance procedures, the Portfolio may consider trading activity in multiple accounts under common ownership, control or influence. Trading activity identified by either, or a combination, of these factors, or as a result of any other information available at the time, will be evaluated to determine whether such activity might constitute excessive or short-term trading. With respect to managed or discretionary accounts for which the account owner gives his/her broker, investment adviser or other third-party authority to buy and sell Portfolio shares, the Portfolio may consider trades initiated by the account owner, such as trades |
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| initiated in connection with bona fide cash management purposes, separately in their analysis. These surveillance procedures may be modified from time to time, as necessary or appropriate to improve the detection of excessive or short-term trading or to address specific circumstances. |
| | Account Blocking Procedures. If the Portfolio determines, in its sole discretion, that a particular transaction or pattern of transactions identified by the transaction surveillance procedures described above is excessive or short-term trading in nature, the Portfolio will take remedial action that may include issuing a warning, revoking certain account-related privileges (such as the ability to place purchase, sale and exchange orders over the internet or by phone) or prohibiting or blocking future purchase or exchange activity. However, sales of Portfolio shares back to the Portfolio or redemptions will continue to be permitted in accordance with the terms of the Portfolios current Prospectus. As a result, unless the shareholder redeems his or her shares, which may have consequences if the shares have declined in value, a CDSC is applicable or adverse tax consequences may result, the shareholder may be locked into an unsuitable investment. A blocked account will generally remain blocked for 90 days. Subsequent detections of excessive or short-term trading may result in an indefinite account block or an account block until the account holder or the associated broker, dealer or other financial intermediary provides evidence or assurance acceptable to the Portfolio that the account holder did not or will not in the future engage in excessive or short-term trading. |
| | Applications of Surveillance Procedures and Restrictions to Omnibus Accounts. Omnibus account arrangements are common forms of holding shares of the Portfolio, particularly among certain brokers, dealers and other financial intermediaries, including sponsors of retirement plans and variable insurance products. The Portfolio applies its surveillance procedures to these omnibus account arrangements. As required by SEC rules, the Portfolio has entered into agreements with all of its financial intermediaries that require the financial intermediaries to provide the Portfolio, upon the request of the Portfolio or its agents, with individual account level information about their transactions. If the Portfolio detects excessive trading through its monitoring of omnibus accounts, including trading at the individual account level, the financial intermediaries will also execute instructions from the Portfolio to take actions to curtail the activity, which may include applying blocks to accounts to prohibit future purchases and exchanges of Portfolio shares. For certain retirement plan accounts, the Portfolio may request that the retirement plan or other intermediary revoke the relevant participants privilege to effect transactions in Portfolio shares via the internet or telephone, in which case the relevant participant must submit future transaction orders via the U.S. Postal Service (i.e., regular mail). |
HOW THE PORTFOLIO VALUES ITS SHARES
The Portfolios NAV is calculated at the close of regular trading on any day the Exchange is open (ordinarily, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes earlier, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading). To calculate NAV, the Portfolios assets are valued and totaled, liabilities are subtracted, and the balance, called net assets, is divided by the number of shares outstanding. If the Portfolio invests in securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the Portfolio does not price its shares, the NAV of the Portfolios shares may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem their shares in the Portfolio. The Portfolios NAV will not be calculated on any day during which the Exchange is closed, including during any customary weekend or holiday closings.
The Portfolio values its securities at their current market value determined on the basis of market quotations or, if market quotations are not readily available or are unreliable, at fair value as determined in accordance with procedures established by and under the general supervision of the Board. When the Portfolio uses fair value pricing, it may take into account any factors it deems appropriate. The Portfolio may determine fair value based upon developments related to a specific security, current valuations of foreign stock indices (as reflected in U.S. futures markets) and/or U.S. sector or broader stock market indices. The prices of securities used by the Portfolio to calculate its NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security.
The Portfolio expects to use fair value pricing for securities primarily traded on U.S. exchanges only under very limited circumstances, such as the early closing of the exchange on which a security is traded or suspension of trading in the security. The Portfolio may use fair value pricing more frequently for securities primarily traded on non-U.S. markets because, among other things, most foreign markets close well before the Portfolio ordinarily values its securities at 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. The earlier close of these foreign markets gives rise to the possibility that significant events, including broad market moves, may have occurred in the interim. For example, the Portfolio believes that foreign security values may be affected by events that occur after the close of foreign securities markets. To account for this, the Portfolio may frequently value many of their foreign equity securities using fair value prices based on third-party vendor modeling tools to the extent available.
Subject to the Boards oversight, the Board has delegated responsibility for valuing the Portfolios assets to the Manager. The Manager has established a Valuation Committee, which operates under the policies and procedures approved by the Board, to value the Portfolios assets on behalf of the Portfolio. The Valuation Committee values Portfolio assets as described above. More information about the Portfolios valuation procedures is available in the Portfolios SAI.
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INVESTMENT MANAGER
The Portfolios Manager is AllianceBernstein L.P., 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105. The Manager is a leading global investment adviser supervising client accounts with assets as of March 31, 2019 totaling approximately $555 billion (of which approximately $100 billion represented assets of investment companies sponsored by the Manager). As of March 31, 2019, the Manager managed retirement assets for many of the largest public and private employee benefit plans (including 14 of the nations FORTUNE 100 companies), for public employee retirement funds in 30 states, for investment companies, and for foundations, endowments, banks and insurance companies worldwide. The 29 registered investment companies managed by the Manager, comprising approximately 114 separate investment portfolios, had as of March 31, 2019 approximately 2.5 million shareholder accounts.
The Manager provides investment advisory services and order placement facilities for the Portfolio. For these advisory services, the Portfolio paid the Manager, during its most recent fiscal year, a percentage of net assets as follows:
| Portfolio | Fee as a Percentage of Average Net Assets |
Fiscal Year Ended |
||||||
| AB Intermediate Duration |
0.44 | % | 9/30/18 | |||||
A discussion regarding the basis for the Boards approval of the Portfolios investment advisory agreement is available in the Portfolios annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018.
The Manager may act as an investment adviser to other persons, firms or corporations, including investment companies, hedge funds, pension funds and other institutional investors. The Manager may receive management fees, including performance fees, that may be higher or lower than the advisory fees it receives from the Portfolio. Certain other clients of the Manager may have investment objectives and policies similar to those of the Portfolio. The Manager may, from time to time, make recommendations that result in the purchase or sale of a particular security by its other clients simultaneously with the Portfolio. If transactions on behalf of more than one client during the same period increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price or quantity. It is the policy of the Manager to allocate advisory recommendations and the placing of orders in a manner that is deemed equitable by the Manager to the accounts involved, including the Portfolio. When two or more of the clients of the Manager (including the Portfolio) are purchasing or selling the same security on a given day from the same broker-dealer, such transactions may be averaged as to price.
AXA IPO
During 2017, AXA S.A. (AXA), a French holding company for the AXA Group, a worldwide leader in life, property and casualty and health insurance and asset management, announced its intention to pursue the sale of a minority stake in its subsidiary, AXA Equitable Holdings, Inc. (AXA Equitable), the holding company for a diversified financial services organization, through an initial public offering (IPO). AXA Equitable is the holding company for a diverse group of financial services companies, including an approximately 65.2% economic interest in the Manager. In March 2018, AXA announced its intention to sell its entire interest in AXA Equitable over time, subject to market conditions and other factors (the Plan). During the second quarter of 2018, AXA Equitable completed the IPO. Additional secondary offerings of AXA Equitable shares were completed in the fourth quarter of 2018 and the first quarter of 2019, and AXA Equitable also repurchased shares from AXA in connection with each of these secondary offerings pursuant to agreements with AXA. Following the IPO and subsequent transactions, including secondary offerings and share repurchases, AXA owns approximately 48.3% of the outstanding shares of common stock of AXA Equitable. Contemporaneously with the IPO, AXA sold $862.5 million aggregate principal amount of its 7.25% mandatorily exchangeable notes (the MxB Notes) due May 15, 2021 and exchangeable into up to 43,125,000 shares of common stock (or approximately 7% of the outstanding shares of common stock of AXA Equitable). AXA retains ownership (including voting rights) of such shares of common stock until the MxB Notes are exchanged, which may be on a date that is earlier than the maturity date at AXAs option upon the occurrence of certain events.
It is anticipated that one or more of the transactions contemplated by the Plan may ultimately result in the indirect transfer of a controlling block of voting securities of the Manager (a Change of Control Event) and therefore may be deemed an assignment causing a termination of the Portfolios current investment advisory agreement. In order to ensure that the existing investment advisory services could continue uninterrupted, at meetings held in late July 2018, the Board approved new investment advisory agreements with the Manager, in connection with the Plan. The Board also agreed to call and hold a joint meeting of shareholders on October 11, 2018 for shareholders of the Portfolio to (1) approve the new investment advisory agreement with the Manager that would be effective after the first Change of Control Event and (2) approve any future advisory agreement approved by the Board and that has terms not materially different from the current agreement, in the event there are subsequent Change of Control Events arising from completion of the Plan that terminate the advisory agreement after the first Change of Control Event. Approval of a future advisory agreement means that shareholders may not have another opportunity to vote on a new agreement with the Manager even upon a change of control, as long as no single person or group of persons acting together gains control (as defined in the 1940 Act) of AXA Equitable. At the adjourned meeting reconvened on December 11, 2018, shareholders of the Portfolio approved the new and future investment advisory agreements.
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Currently, the Manager and its affiliates do not anticipate that the Plan will have a material impact on the Manager or any affiliates of the Manager that provides services to the Portfolio, including with respect to the following: operations, personnel, organizational structure, capitalization, or financial and other resources. The Managers current leadership and key investment teams are expected to stay in place, and no change in senior managements strategy for the Manager is anticipated as a result of the implementation of the Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is possible that the completion of the Plan, whether implemented through public offerings or other means, could create the potential for disruption to the businesses of AXA Equitable and its subsidiaries. AXA Equitable is a publicly held U.S. company subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as well as other U.S. Government and State regulations applicable to public companies that it was not subject to prior to the IPO. During the time that AXA retains a controlling interest in AXA Equitable, circumstances affecting AXA, including restrictions or requirements imposed on AXA by European and other authorities, may also affect AXA Equitable. A failure to implement the Plan could create uncertainty about the nature of the relationship between AXA Equitable and AXA, and could adversely affect AXA Equitable and its subsidiaries including the Manager. If the Plan is completed, AXA Equitable will no longer be a subsidiary of AXA. AXA Equitable is expected to remain the indirect parent of AllianceBernstein Corporation, the general partner of the Manager.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS:
The day-to-day management of, and investment decisions for, the AB Intermediate Duration Portfolio are made by the U.S. Investment Grade: Core Fixed Income Team. No one person is principally responsible for coordinating the Portfolios investments.
The following table lists the persons within the U.S. Investment Grade: Core Fixed Income Team with the most significant responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Portfolio, the length of time that each person has been jointly and primarily responsible for the Portfolio, and each persons principal occupation during the past five years:
| Employee; Length of Service; Title | Principal Occupation During the Past Five (5) Years | |
| Michael Canter; since 2016; Senior Vice President of the Manager | Senior Vice President of the Manager, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014, and Director of U.S. Multi-Sector and Securitized Assets. | |
| Shawn E. Keegan; since 2005; Senior Vice President of the Manager | Senior Vice President of the Manager, with which he has been associated in a similar capacity to his current position since prior to 2014. | |
| Douglas J. Peebles; since 2007; Senior Vice President of the Manager | Senior Vice President of the Manager, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014, and Chief Investment Officer of Fixed Income. | |
| Janaki Rao; since 2018; Senior Vice President of the Manager | Senior Vice President of the Manager, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014. | |
| Greg J. Wilensky; since 2005; Senior Vice President of the Manager | Senior Vice President of the Manager, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014, and Director of U.S. Multi-Sector Fixed Income, U.S. Inflation Linked Fixed Income and Stable Value Investments. | |
The Portfolios SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers ownership of securities in the Portfolio.
TRANSFER AGENCY AND RETIREMENT PLAN SERVICES
ABIS acts as the transfer agent for the Portfolio. ABIS, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Manager, registers the transfer, issuance and redemption of Portfolio shares and disburses dividends and other distributions to Portfolio shareholders.
Portfolio shares may be owned by financial intermediaries for the benefit of their customers. Retirement plans may also hold Portfolio shares in the name of the plan, rather than the participant. In those cases, the Portfolio often will not maintain an account for you. Thus, some or all of the transfer agency functions for these and certain other accounts are performed by the financial intermediaries and plan recordkeepers. Financial intermediaries and recordkeepers, who may have affiliated financial intermediaries who sell shares of the AB Mutual Funds, may be paid by the Portfolio, the Manager, ABI and ABIS (i) account fees in amounts up to $19 per account per annum, (ii) asset-based fees of up to 0.25% (except in respect of a limited number of intermediaries) per annum of the average daily assets held through the intermediary, or (iii) a combination of both. These amounts include fees for shareholder servicing, sub-transfer agency, sub-accounting and recordkeeping services. These amounts do not include fees for shareholder servicing that may be paid separately by the Portfolio pursuant to its Rule 12b-1 plan. Amounts paid by the Portfolio for these services are included in Other Expenses under Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio in the Summary Information section of this Prospectus. In addition, the financial intermediaries may be affiliates of entities that receive compensation from the Manager or ABI for maintaining retirement plan platforms that facilitate trading by affiliated and non-affiliated financial intermediaries and recordkeeping for retirement plans.
Because financial intermediaries and plan recordkeepers may be paid varying amounts per class for sub-transfer agency and related recordkeeping services, the service requirements of which may also vary by class, this may create an additional incentive for financial intermediaries and their financial advisors to favor one fund complex over another or one class of shares over another.
For more information, please refer to the Portfolios SAI, call your financial advisor or visit our website at www.abfunds.com.
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DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The Portfolios income dividends and capital gains distributions, if any, declared by the Portfolio on its outstanding shares will, at the election of each shareholder, be paid in cash or in additional shares of the same class of shares of the Portfolio. If paid in additional shares, the shares will have an aggregate NAV as of the close of business on the declaration date of the dividend or distribution equal to the cash amount of the dividend or distribution. You may make an election to receive dividends and distributions in cash or in shares at the time you purchase shares. Your election can be changed at any time prior to a record date for a dividend. There is no sales or other charge in connection with the reinvestment of dividends or capital gains distributions. Cash dividends may be paid by check, or, at your election, electronically via the ACH network.
If you receive an income dividend or capital gains distribution in cash you may, within 120 days following the date of its payment, reinvest the dividend or distribution in additional shares of that Portfolio without charge by returning to the Manager, with appropriate instructions, the check representing the dividend or distribution. Thereafter, unless you otherwise specify, you will be deemed to have elected to reinvest all subsequent dividends and distributions in shares of that Portfolio.
While it is the intention of the Portfolio to distribute to its shareholders substantially all of each fiscal years net income and net realized capital gains, if any, the amount and timing of any dividend or distribution will depend on the realization by the Portfolio of income and capital gains from investments. There is no fixed dividend rate and there can be no assurance that the Portfolio will pay any dividends or realize any capital gains. The final determination of the amount of the Portfolios return of capital distributions for the period will be made after the end of each calendar year.
You will normally have to pay federal income tax, and any state or local income taxes, on the distributions you receive from the Portfolio, whether you take the distributions in cash or reinvest them in additional shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that the Portfolio owned for more than one year and that are properly reported as capital gain dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains. Given the Portfolios investment strategies, it is not anticipated that a significant portion, if any, of the Portfolios income will be eligible to be designated as qualified dividend income, which is taxed at reduced rates. For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, the Portfolio may also report dividends eligible for a 20% qualified business income deduction for non-corporate US shareholders to the extent the Portfolios income is derived from ordinary REIT dividends, reduced by allocable Fund expenses, provided that holding period and other requirements are met by both the shareholder and the Portfolio. Dividends declared in October, November, or December and paid in January of the following year are taxable as if they had been paid the previous December. The Portfolio will notify you as to how much of the Portfolios distributions, if any, qualify for these reduced tax rates.
Long-term capital gains are taxed at a maximum rate of 15% or 20% for individuals, depending on whether their incomes exceed certain threshold amounts, which are adjusted annually for inflation, and short-term capital gains and other ordinary income are taxed at a maximum rate of 37%. A 3.8 percent Medicare contribution tax is imposed on net investment income, including interest, dividends, and capital gains, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married filing jointly), and of estates and trusts.
Investment income received by the Portfolio from sources within foreign countries may be subject to foreign income taxes withheld at the source. To the extent that the Portfolio is liable for foreign income taxes withheld at the source, the Portfolio intends, if possible, to operate so as to meet the requirements of the Code to pass through to the Portfolios shareholders credits for foreign income taxes paid (or to permit shareholders to claim a deduction for such foreign taxes), but there can be no assurance that the Portfolio will be able to do so. Furthermore, a shareholders ability to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction for foreign taxes paid by the Portfolio may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code, as a result of which a shareholder may not be permitted to claim a credit or deduction for all or a portion of the amount of such taxes.
Under certain circumstances, if the Portfolio realizes losses (e.g., from fluctuations in currency exchange rates) after paying a dividend, all or a portion of the dividend may subsequently be characterized as a return of capital. Returns of capital are generally nontaxable, but will reduce a shareholders basis in shares of the Portfolio. If that basis is reduced to zero (which could happen if the shareholder does not reinvest distributions and returns of capital are significant), any further returns of capital will be taxable as a capital gain.
If you buy shares just before the Portfolio deducts a distribution from its NAV, you will pay the full price for the shares and then receive a portion of the price back as a taxable distribution.
For tax purposes, an exchange of Portfolio shares for shares in a different fund is treated as a sale of Portfolio shares.
The sale or exchange of Portfolio shares is a taxable transaction for federal income tax purposes.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, the Portfolio may make or receive periodic net payments. The Portfolio may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Portfolio has been a party to the swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, the Portfolio may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.
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This Prospectus summarizes only some of the tax implications you should consider when investing in the Portfolio. Each year shortly after December 31, the Portfolio will send you tax information stating the amount and type of all its distributions for the year. You are encouraged to consult your tax adviser about the federal, state, and local tax consequences in your particular circumstances, as well as about any possible foreign tax consequences.
Non-U.S. Shareholders
A 30% withholding tax is currently imposed on dividends, interest and other income items paid to: (i) foreign financial institutions including non-U.S. investment funds unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders and (ii) certain other foreign entities unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, a foreign financial institution will need to: (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders, comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts, report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained, agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information, and determine certain other information as to their account holders, or (ii) in the event that an applicable intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other foreign entities will need to provide the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership unless certain exceptions apply.
If you are a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation for federal income tax purposes, please see the Portfolios SAI for information on how you will be taxed as a result of holding shares in the Portfolio.
Each investor should consult his or her own tax adviser to determine the tax status, with regard to his or her tax situation, of distributions from the Portfolio.
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Under unusual circumstances, the Portfolio may suspend redemptions or postpone payment for up to seven days or longer, as permitted by federal securities law. The Portfolio reserves the right to close an account that has remained below $1,000 for 90 days.
During drastic economic or market developments, you might have difficulty in reaching ABIS by telephone, in which event you should issue written instructions to ABIS. ABIS is not responsible for the authenticity of telephone requests to purchase, sell, or exchange shares. ABIS will employ reasonable procedures to verify that telephone requests are genuine, and could be liable for losses resulting from unauthorized transactions if it failed to do so. Dealers and agents may charge a commission for handling telephone requests. The telephone service may be suspended or terminated at any time without notice.
Shareholder Services. ABIS offers a variety of shareholder services. For more information about these services or your account, call ABISs toll-free number, 800-221-5672. Some services are described in the Mutual Fund Application.
Householding. Many shareholders of the AB Mutual Funds have family members living in the same home who also own shares of the same Portfolio. In order to reduce the amount of duplicative mail that is sent to homes with more than one Portfolio account and to reduce expenses of the Portfolio, all AB Mutual Funds will, until notified otherwise, send only one copy of each prospectus, shareholder report and proxy statement to each household address. This process, known as householding, does not apply to account statements, confirmations, or personal tax information. If you do not wish to participate in householding, or wish to discontinue householding at any time, call ABIS at 800-221-5672. We will resume separate mailings for your account within 30 days of your request.
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TYPES OF SECURITIES
AMT-Subject bonds are municipal securities with interest that is an item of tax preference and thus subject to the AMT when received by a person in a tax year during which the person is subject to the AMT. These securities are primarily private activity bonds, including revenue bonds.
Bonds are interest-bearing or discounted securities that obligate the issuer to pay the bond holder a specified sum of money, usually at specified intervals, and to repay the principal amount of the loan at maturity.
Convertible securities are fixed-income securities that are convertible into common stock.
Depositary Receipts include American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) and other types of depositary receipts.
Equity securities include (i) common stocks, partnership interests, business trust shares and other equity or ownership interests in business enterprises and (ii) securities convertible into, and rights and warrants to subscribe for the purchase of, such stocks, shares and interests.
Fixed-income securities, such as bonds or notes, entitle the owner to receive a specified sum of money (interest) at set intervals as well as the principal amount of the security at its maturity.
Municipal securities are debt obligations issued by states, territories and possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia, and their political subdivisions, duly constituted authorities and corporations. Municipal securities include municipal bonds, which are intended to meet longer-term capital needs and municipal notes, which are intended to fulfill short-term capital needs.
Rule 144A securities are securities that may be resold under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
U.S. government securities are securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, including obligations that are issued by private issuers that are guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, or by certain government-sponsored entities (entities chartered by or sponsored by Act of Congress). These securities include securities backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, those supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, and those backed only by the credit of the issuing agency or entity itself. The first category includes U.S. Treasury securities (which are U.S. Treasury bills, notes, and bonds) and certificates issued by GNMA. U.S. government securities not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or a right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury include certificates issued by FNMA and FHLMC.
RATING AGENCIES AND INDEXES
Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond IndexThe Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index represents securities that are SEC-registered, taxable, and dollar denominated. The index covers the U.S. investment grade fixed rate bond market, with index components for government and corporate securities, mortgage pass-through securities, and asset-backed securities. These major sectors are subdivided into more specific indices that are calculated and reported on a regular basis.
Fitch is Fitch Ratings, Inc.
Moodys is Moodys Investors Service, Inc.
S&P Global is S&P Global Ratings.
OTHER
1940 Act is the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
AMT is the federal alternative minimum tax.
Code is the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
SEC is the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Exchange is the New York Stock Exchange.
Net assets means the Portfolios net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes.
Non-U.S. company or non-U.S. issuer is an entity that (i) is organized under the laws of a foreign country and conducts business in a foreign country, (ii) derives 50% or more of its total revenues from business in foreign countries, or (iii) issues equity or debt securities that are traded principally on a stock exchange in a foreign country.
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The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Portfolios financial performance for the past five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single share of a class of the Portfolio. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Portfolio (assuming investment of all dividends and distributions). Class A shares, Class Z shares and Advisor Class shares of the Portfolio are new and have no performance history. As a result, the financial information in the table below shows the Portfolios financial performance for the periods indicated for the Intermediate Duration Class. Although the Intermediate Duration Class is not offered in this prospectus, the Intermediate Duration Class would have substantially similar performance to the Class A shares, Class Z shares and Advisor Class shares offered in this prospectus because the Intermediate Duration Class and Class A shares, Class Z shares and Advisor Class shares are invested in the same portfolio of securities and performance would differ only to the extent that they do not have the same expenses. The information has been audited by [ ], the independent registered public accounting firm for the Portfolio, whose report, along with the Portfolios financial statements, is included in the Portfolios Annual Report, which is available upon request.
AB Intermediate Duration Portfolio
| INTERMEDIATE DURATION CLASS | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net asset value, beginning of period |
$ | 13.23 | $ | 13.63 | $ | 13.41 | $ | 13.72 | $ | 13.47 | ||||||||||
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| Income from investment operations: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment income, net |
0.30 | 0.30 | 0.36 | ^ | 0.34 | 0.39 | ||||||||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment and foreign currency transactions |
(0.45 | ) | (0.21 | ) | 0.46 | 0.01 | 0.27 | |||||||||||||
| Contributions from affiliates |
0 | 0.00 | (a) | 0 | 0.00 | (a) | 0 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Total from investment operations |
(0.15 | ) | 0.09 | 0.82 | 0.35 | 0.66 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Less dividends and distributions: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends from net investment income |
(0.32 | ) | (0.34 | ) | (0.42 | ) | (0.40 | ) | (0.38 | ) | ||||||||||
| Distributions from net realized gain on investment transactions |
0 | (0.15 | ) | (0.18 | ) | (0.26 | ) | (0.03 | ) | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Total dividends and distributions |
(0.32 | ) | (0.49 | ) | (0.60 | ) | (0.66 | ) | 0.41 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Net asset value, end of period |
$ | 12.76 | $ | 13.23 | $ | 13.63 | $ | 13.41 | $ | 13.72 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Total Return(b) | (1.14 | )% | 0.71 | % | 6.33 | %^ | 2.56 | % | 4.96 | % | ||||||||||
| Ratios/Supplemental Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) |
$ | 3,291,645 | $ | 3,363,353 | $ | 3,443,945 | $ | 3,446,978 | $ | 3,848,564 | ||||||||||
| Average net assets (000 omitted) |
$ | 3,339,472 | $ | 3,350,914 | $ | 3,395,239 | $ | 3,575,822 | $ | 3,885,193 | ||||||||||
| Ratio to average net assets of: |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses |
0.57 | % | 0.59 | % | 0.59 | % | 0.59 | %+ | 0.58 | % | ||||||||||
| Net investment income |
2.34 | % | 2.27 | % | 2.67 | %^ | 2.49 | %+ | 2.86 | % | ||||||||||
| Portfolio turnover rate** |
201 | % | 230 | % | 146 | % | 249 | % | 244 | % | ||||||||||
| | Based on average shares outstanding. |
| ^ | For the year ended September 30, 2016, the amount includes a non-recurring refund for overbilling of prior years custody out of pocket fees as follows: |
| Portfolio |
Net Investment |
Net Investment |
Total | |||
| Intermediate Duration |
0.001 | 0.01% | 0.01% |
| + | The ratio includes expenses attributable to costs of proxy solicitation. |
| | Includes the impact of proceeds received and credited to the Portfolio resulting from the class action settlements, which enhanced the performance for the the Intermediate Duration Portfolio for the year ended September 30, 2016 by 0.03%. |
| ** | The Portfolio accounts for dollar roll transactions as purchases and sales. |
| ^^ | The net asset value and total return include adjustments in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for financial reporting purposes. As such, the net asset value and total return for shareholder transactions may differ from financial statements. |
| (a) | Amount is less than $.005. |
| (b) | Total investment return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the net asset value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value during the period, and redemption on the last day of the period. Total return does not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on fund distributions or the redemption of fund shares. Total investment return calculated for a period of less than one year is not annualized. |
38
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Hypothetical Investment and Expense Information
The following supplemental hypothetical investment information provides additional information calculated and presented in a manner different from expense information found under Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio in this Prospectus about the effect of the Portfolios expenses, including investment advisory fees and other Portfolio costs, on the Portfolios returns over a 10-year period. The chart shows the estimated expenses that would be charged on a hypothetical investment of $10,000 in Class A shares of the Portfolio assuming a 5% return each year, including an initial sales charge of 4.25%. Except as otherwise indicated, the chart also assumes that the current annual expense ratio stays the same throughout the 10-year period. The expense ratio reflects the Portfolios operating expenses as reflected under Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio. Additional information concerning the fees and expenses incurred by the Portfolio may be found at FINRAs Fund Analyzer web page (available at http://apps.finra.org/fundanalyzer/1/fa.aspx).
AB Intermediate Duration Portfolio
| Year | Hypothetical Investment |
Hypothetical Earnings |
Investment After |
Hypothetical Expenses |
Hypothetical Ending |
|||||||||||||||
| 1 |
$ | 10,000.00 | $ | 478.75 | $ | 10,053.75 | $ | 512.47 | $ | 9,966.28 | ||||||||||
| 2 |
9,966.28 | 498.31 | 10,464.59 | 91.04 | 10,373.55 | |||||||||||||||
| 3 |
10,373.55 | 518.68 | 10,892.23 | 94.76 | 10,797.47 | |||||||||||||||
| 4 |
10,797.47 | 539.87 | 11,337.34 | 98.63 | 11,238.71 | |||||||||||||||
| 5 |
11,238.71 | 561.94 | 11,800.65 | 102.67 | 11,697.98 | |||||||||||||||
| 6 |
11,697.98 | 584.90 | 12,282.88 | 106.86 | 12,176.02 | |||||||||||||||
| 7 |
12,176.02 | 608.80 | 12,784.82 | 111.23 | 12,673.59 | |||||||||||||||
| 8 |
12,673.59 | 633.68 | 13,307.27 | 115.77 | 13,191.50 | |||||||||||||||
| 9 |
13,191.50 | 659.58 | 13,851.08 | 120.50 | 13,730.58 | |||||||||||||||
| 10 |
13,730.58 | 686.53 | 14,417.11 | 125.43 | 14,291.68 | |||||||||||||||
| Total |
$ | 5,771.04 | $ | 1,479.36 | ||||||||||||||||
A-1
Table of Contents
APPENDIX BFINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY WAIVERS
Waivers Specific to Merrill Lynch
Effective April 10, 2017, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Merrill Lynch platform or account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this Funds prospectus or SAI:
Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares available at Merrill Lynch
| | Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission-based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan |
| | Shares purchased by or through a 529 Plan |
| | Shares purchased through a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program |
| | Shares purchased by third-party investment advisors on behalf of their advisory clients through Merrill Lynchs platform |
| | Shares of funds purchased through the Merrill Edge Self-Directed platform (if applicable) |
| | Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family) |
| | Shares exchanged from Class C (i.e. level-load) shares of the same fund in the month of or following the 10-year anniversary of the purchase date |
| | Employees and registered representatives of Merrill Lynch or its affiliates and their family members |
| | Directors or Trustees of the SCB Fund, and employees of the SCB Funds investment adviser or any of its affiliates, as described in this prospectus |
| | Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement) |
CDSC Waivers on A, B and C Shares available at Merrill Lynch
| | Death or disability of the shareholder |
| | Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the SCB Funds prospectus |
| | Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account |
| | Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 701/2 |
| | Shares sold to pay Merrill Lynch fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Merrill Lynch |
| | Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement |
| | Shares held in retirement brokerage accounts, that are exchanged for a lower cost share class due to transfer to a fee based account or platform (applicable to A and C shares only) |
Front-end Load Discounts Available at Merrill Lynch: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent
| | Breakpoints as described in this prospectus |
| | Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchasers household at Merrill Lynch. Eligible fund family assets not held at Merrill Lynch may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets |
| | Letters of Intent (LOI) which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a fund family, through Merrill Lynch, over a 13-month period of time (if applicable) |
B-1
Table of Contents
Waivers Specific to Morgan Stanley
Effective July 1, 2018, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Morgan Stanley Wealth Management transactional brokerage account will be eligible only for the following front-end sales charge waivers with respect to Class A shares, which may differ from and may be more limited than those disclosed elsewhere in this Funds Prospectus or SAI.
| | Employer-sponsored retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans and defined benefit plans). For purposes of this provision, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, Simple IRAs, SAR-SEPs or Keogh plans |
| | Morgan Stanley employee and employee-related accounts according to Morgan Stanleys account linking rules |
| | Shares purchased through reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions when purchasing shares of the same fund |
| | Shares purchased through a Morgan Stanley self-directed brokerage account |
| | Class C (i.e., level-load) shares that are no longer subject to a contingent deferred sales charge and are converted to Class A shares of the same fund pursuant to Morgan Stanley Wealth Managements share class conversion program |
| | Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (i) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (ii) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (iii) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales charge |
Waivers Specific to Ameriprise Financial
The following information applies to Class A shares purchases if you have an account with or otherwise purchase Fund shares through Ameriprise Financial:
Effective June 1, 2018, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through an Ameriprise Financial platform or account will be eligible for the following front-end sales charge waivers and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this Funds prospectus or SAI:
| | Employer-sponsored retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans and defined benefit plans). For purposes of this provision, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, Simple IRAs or SAR-SEPs |
| | Shares purchased through an Ameriprise Financial investment advisory program (if an advisory or similar share class for such investment advisory program is not available) |
| | Shares purchased by third-party investment advisors on behalf of their advisory clients through Ameriprise Financials platform (if an advisory or similar share class for such investment advisory program is not available) |
| | Shares purchased through reinvestment of distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within same fund family) |
| | Shares exchanged from Class C shares of the same fund in the month of or following the 10-year anniversary of the purchase date. To the extent that this prospectus elsewhere provides for a waiver with respect to such shares following a shorter holding period, that waiver will apply to exchanges following such shorter period. To the extent that this prospectus elsewhere provides for a waiver with respect to exchanges of Class C shares for load waived shares, that waiver will also apply to such exchanges |
| | Employees and registered representatives of Ameriprise Financial or its affiliates and their immediate family members |
| | Shares purchased by or through qualified accounts (including IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, 401(k)s, 403(b) TSCAs subject to ERISA and defined benefit plans) that are held by a covered family member, defined as an Ameriprise financial advisor and/or the advisors spouse, advisors lineal ascendant (mother, father, grandmother, grandfather, great grandmother, great grandfather), advisors lineal descendant (son, step-son, daughter, step-daughter, grandson, granddaughter, great grandson, great granddaughter) or any spouse of a covered family member who is a lineal descendant |
| | Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (i.e., Rights of Reinstatement) |
B-2
Table of Contents
Waivers Specific to Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services & Raymond James Affiliates (Raymond James)
Effective March 1, 2019, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Raymond James platform or account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in the Funds Prospectus or SAI.
Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares Available at Raymond James
| | Shares purchased in an investment advisory program |
| | Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family) |
| | Employees and registered representatives of Raymond James or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Raymond James |
| | Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement) |
| | A shareholder in the Funds Class C shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class A shares (or the appropriate share class) of the Fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Raymond James |
CDSC Waivers on Class A and C Shares Available at Raymond James
| | Death or disability of the shareholder |
| | Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the Funds Prospectus |
| | Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account |
| | Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70 1/2 as described in this Funds Prospectus |
| | Shares sold to pay Raymond James fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Raymond James |
| | Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement |
Front-end Load Discounts Available at Raymond James: Breakpoints, and/or Rights of Accumulation
| | Breakpoints as described in this Prospectus |
| | Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchasers household at Raymond James. Eligible fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets |
B-3
Table of Contents
For more information about the Portfolio, the following documents are available upon request:
| | ANNUAL/SEMI-ANNUAL REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS |
The Portfolios annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders contain additional information on the Portfolios investments. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Portfolios performance during its last fiscal year.
| | STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (SAI) |
The Portfolio has an SAI, which contains more detailed information about the Portfolio, including its operations and investment policies. The Portfolios SAI and the independent registered public accounting firms report and financial statements in the Portfolios most recent annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders are incorporated by reference into (and are legally part of) this Prospectus.
You may request a free copy of the current annual/semi-annual report or the SAI, or make inquiries concerning the Portfolio, by contacting your broker or other financial intermediary, or by contacting the Manager:
| By Mail: | c/o AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. P.O. Box 786003 San Antonio, TX 78278-6003 | |
| By Phone: | For Information: (800) 221-5672 For Literature: (800) 227-4618 | |
| On the Internet: | www.abfunds.com | |
Or you may view or obtain these documents from the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC):
| | Reports and other information about the Portfolio are available on the EDGAR Database on the SECs Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. |
| | Copies of the information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at [email protected]. |
You also may find these documents and more information about the Manager and the Portfolio on the Internet at: www.abfunds.com.
AllianceBernstein® and the AB Logo are registered trademarks and service marks used by permission of the owner, AllianceBernstein L.P.
| Fund | SEC File No. | |||
| Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc. |
811-05555 | |||
PRO-0148-0519
Table of Contents
The information in this document is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This document is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MAY 1, 2019
SANFORD C. BERNSTEIN FUND, INC.
AB Intermediate Duration Portfolio
c/o ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN INVESTOR SERVICES, INC.
P.O. Box 786003
San Antonio, Texas 78278-6003
Toll Free (800) 221-5672
For Literature: Toll Free (800) 227-4618
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
[ ], 2019
This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) relates to the following classes of the AB Intermediate Duration Portfolio (the Intermediate Duration Portfolio or the Portfolio) of the Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc. (the SCB Fund or the Fund):
| Portfolio and Class |
Exchange Ticker Symbol | |||
| SANFORD C. BERNSTEIN FUND, INC. |
||||
| AB Intermediate Duration Portfolio |
||||
| Class A |
[ | ] | ||
| Class Z |
[ | ] | ||
| Advisor Class |
[ | ] | ||
This SAI is not a prospectus, but supplements and should be read in conjunction with the Portfolios Prospectus, dated [ ], 2019, as it may be amended and/or supplemented from time to time, for Class A, Advisor Class and Class Z shares, as applicable, of the Portfolio (the Prospectus). Copies of the Prospectus and the Portfolios annual and semi-annual reports may be obtained by contacting AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. (ABIS) at the address or the For Literature telephone number shown above or on the Internet at www.abfunds.com. Certain financial statements from the Portfolios annual report dated September 30, 2018 is incorporated by reference into this SAI. Capitalized terms used herein but not defined have the meanings assigned to them in the Prospectus.
Table of Contents
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| A-1 | ||||
| APPENDIX B: STATEMENT OF POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR PROXY VOTING |
B-1 | |||
AllianceBernstein® and the AB Logo are registered trademarks and service marks used by permission of the owner, AllianceBernstein L.P.
Table of Contents
The SCB Fund was incorporated under the laws of the State of Maryland on May 4, 1988 and is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act).
The Portfolios Intermediate Duration Class Shares are offered pursuant to a separate prospectus. On [ ], 2019, the Portfolio commenced offering Class A shares, Advisor Class Shares, and Class Z shares.
The term net assets, as used in this SAI, means net assets plus any borrowings.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS
For a summary description of the objectives, principal investment strategies and policies of the Portfolio, see the Portfolios sections of the Prospectus entitled Investment Objective, Principal Strategies, and Principal Risks as well as the section entitled Additional Investment Information, Special Investment Techniques and Related Risks. The following information is provided for those investors desiring information in addition to that contained in the Prospectus.
The Portfolio is diversified.
The following investment policies and restrictions supplement, and should be read in conjunction with, the information regarding the investment objectives, policies and restrictions of the Portfolio set forth in the Portfolios Prospectus. Except as otherwise noted, the Portfolios investment policies are not designated fundamental policies within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and may be changed by the SCB Funds Board of Directors (the Board) with respect to the Portfolio without approval of the shareholders of the Portfolio; however, such shareholders will be notified of a material change in such policies. If there is a change in investment policy or objective, shareholders should consider whether the Portfolio remains an appropriate investment in light of their then current financial position and needs. There is no assurance that the Portfolio will achieve its investment objective.
Fixed-Income Portfolios
Except as otherwise specified, the Portfolio may invest in any of the securities described in the Prospectus and this SAI. In addition, the Portfolio may use any of the special investment techniques, some of which are commonly called derivatives, described in the Prospectus and this SAI to earn income and enhance returns, to hedge or adjust the risk profile of its investments, to obtain exposure to certain markets or to manage the effective maturity or duration of fixed-income securities.
To identify attractive bonds for the Portfolio, AllianceBernstein L.P. (the Manager) evaluates securities and sectors in an effort to identify the most attractive securities in the market at a given timethose believed to offer the highest expected return in relation to their risks. In addition, the Manager may analyze the yield curve to seek the optimum combination of duration for given degrees of interest rate risk. Finally, the Manager may use interest rate forecasting to estimate the best level of interest rate risk at a given time, within specified limits for the Portfolio.
The Portfolio will not purchase any security if immediately after that purchase less than 80% of the Portfolios total assets would consist of securities or commercial paper rated A or higher by S&P Global Ratings (S&P), Fitch Ratings, Inc. (Fitch) or Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys); SP-1 by S&P, F-1 by Fitch or MIG1 or VMIG1 by Moodys; A-1 by S&P, or P-1 by Moodys; or of securities and commercial paper that are rated by other rating agencies or are not rated but in either case are determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality. In addition, the Portfolio will not purchase a security or commercial paper rated less than B by S&P, Fitch or Moodys; less than A-2 or SP-2 by S&P, less than F-2 by Fitch or less than P-2, MIG-2 or VMIG-2 by Moodys; or securities and commercial paper that are rated by other rating agencies or not rated but in either case are determined by the Manager to be of comparably poor quality. In the event of differing ratings, the higher rating shall apply. The impact of changing economic conditions, investment risk and changing interest rates is increased by investing in securities rated below A by S&P, Fitch or Moodys; below SP-1 or A-1 by S&P, below F-1 by Fitch or below MIG-1, VMIG-1 or P-1 by Moodys. In addition, the secondary trading market for lower-rated bonds may be less liquid than the market for higher-grade bonds. Accordingly, lower-rated bonds may be difficult to value accurately. Securities rated BBB by S&P and Fitch or Baa by Moodys are investment grade. Securities that are rated BB, B or CCC by S&P and Fitch, or Ba, B or Caa by Moodys are considered to be speculative with regard to the payment of interest and principal.
In addition to these policies the Portfolio has additional policies, discussed below, pertaining to the minimum ratings and types of investments permitted, as well as the effective duration and average maturity of the Portfolio. Effective duration, a statistic that is
1
Table of Contents
expressed in time periods, is a measure of the exposure of the Portfolio to changes in interest rates. Unlike maturity, which is the latest possible date for the final payment to be received from a bond, effective duration is a measure of the timing of all the expected interest and principal payments. Depending on the Managers interest-rate forecast, the Manager may adjust the actual duration of the Portfolio. When interest rates are expected to rise, the Manager may shorten the Portfolios duration. When interest rates are expected to fall, the Manager may lengthen the Portfolios duration.
The maturity composition of the Portfolio may also vary, depending upon the shape of the yield curve and opportunities in the bond market, at times being concentrated in the middle part of the targeted range, while at other times consisting of a greater amount of securities with maturities that are shorter and others that are longer than the targeted range.
Generally, the value of debt securities changes as the general level of interest rates fluctuates. During periods of rising interest rates, the values of fixed-income securities generally decline. Conversely, during periods of falling interest rates, the values of these securities nearly always increase. Generally, the longer the maturity or effective duration, the greater the sensitivity of the price of a fixed-income security to any given change in interest rates. The value of the Portfolios shares fluctuates with the value of its investments.
The Portfolio may invest in mortgage-backed securities (MBS), including those that are issued by private issuers, and therefore may have some exposure to subprime loans as well as to the mortgage and credit markets generally. Private issuers include commercial banks, savings associations, mortgage companies, investment banking firms, finance companies and special purpose finance entities (called special purpose vehicles or SPVs) and other entities that acquire and package mortgage loans for resale as MBS.
Unlike MBS issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of its sponsored entities, MBS issued by private issuers do not have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee, but may have credit enhancement provided by external entities such as banks or financial institutions or achieved through the structuring of the transaction. Examples of such credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include the issue of senior and subordinated securities (e.g., the issuance of securities by an SPV in multiple classes or tranches, with one or more classes being senior to other subordinated classes as to the payment of principal and interest, with the result that defaults on the underlying mortgage loans are borne first by the holders of the subordinated class); creation of reserve funds (in which case cash or investments, sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the underlying mortgage loans, are held in reserve against future losses); and overcollateralization (in which case the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying mortgage loans exceed that required to make payment of the securities and pay any servicing or other fees). However, there can be no guarantee that credit enhancements, if any, will be sufficient to prevent losses in the event of defaults on the underlying mortgage loans.
In addition, MBS that are issued by private issuers are not subject to the underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those MBS that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying private MBS may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored MBS and have wider variances in a number of terms including interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. Privately issued pools more frequently include second mortgages, high loan-to-value mortgages and manufactured housing loans. The coupon rates and maturities of the underlying mortgage loans in a private-label MBS pool may vary to a greater extent than those included in a government guaranteed pool, and the pool may include subprime mortgage loans. Subprime loans refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans. For these reasons, the loans underlying these securities have had in many cases higher default rates than those loans that meet government underwriting requirements.
The risk of non-payment is greater for MBS that are backed by mortgage pools that contain subprime loans, but a level of risk exists for all loans. Market factors adversely affecting mortgage loan repayments may include a general economic turndown, high unemployment, a general slowdown in the real estate market, a drop in the market prices of real estate, or an increase in interest rates resulting in higher mortgage payments by holders of adjustable-rate mortgages.
If the Portfolio purchases subordinated MBS, the subordinated MBS may serve as a credit support for the senior securities purchased by other investors. In addition, the payments of principal and interest on these subordinated securities generally will be made only after payments are made to the holders of securities senior to the Portfolios securities. Therefore, if there are defaults on the underlying mortgage loans, the Portfolio will be less likely to receive payments of principal and interest, and will be more likely to suffer a loss.
Privately issued MBS are not traded on an exchange and there may be a limited market for the securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. Without an active trading market, MBS held in the Portfolio may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in assessing the value of the underlying mortgage loans.
2
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The Portfolio may also purchase asset-backed securities (ABS) that have many of the same characteristics and risks as the MBS described above, except that ABS may be backed by non-real-estate loans, leases or receivables such as auto, credit card or home equity loans.
The Portfolio may purchase commercial paper, including asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) that is issued by structured investment vehicles or other conduits. These conduits may be sponsored by mortgage companies, investment banking firms, finance companies, hedge funds, private equity firms and special purpose finance entities. ABCP typically refers to a debt security with an original term to maturity of up to 270 days, the payment of which is supported by cash flows from underlying assets, or one or more liquidity or credit support providers, or both. Assets backing ABCP, which may be included in revolving pools of assets with large numbers of obligors, include credit card, car loan and other consumer receivables and home or commercial mortgages, including subprime mortgages. The repayment of ABCP issued by a conduit depends primarily on the cash collections received from the conduits underlying asset portfolio and the conduits ability to issue new ABCP. Therefore, there could be losses to the Portfolio investing in ABCP in the event of credit or market value deterioration in the conduits underlying portfolio, mismatches in the timing of the cash flows of the underlying asset interests and the repayment obligations of maturing ABCP, or the conduits inability to issue new ABCP. To protect investors from these risks, ABCP programs may be structured with various protections, such as credit enhancement, liquidity support, and commercial paper stop-issuance and wind-down triggers. However there can be no guarantee that these protections will be sufficient to prevent losses to investors in ABCP.
Some ABCP programs provide for an extension of the maturity date of the ABCP if, on the related maturity date, the conduit is unable to access sufficient liquidity through the issue of additional ABCP. This may delay the sale of the underlying collateral and the Portfolio may incur a loss if the value of the collateral deteriorates during the extension period. Alternatively, if collateral for ABCP deteriorates in value, the collateral may be required to be sold at inopportune times or at prices insufficient to repay the principal and interest on the ABCP. ABCP programs may provide for the issuance of subordinated notes as an additional form of credit enhancement. The subordinated notes are typically of a lower credit quality and have a higher risk of default. The Portfolio purchasing these subordinated notes will therefore have a higher likelihood of loss than investors in the senior notes.
The Portfolio may also invest in other types of fixed-income securities which are subordinated or junior to more senior securities of the issuer, or which represent interests in pools of such subordinated or junior securities. Such securities may include preferred stock or so called high yield or junk bonds (i.e., bonds that are rated below investment grade by a rating agency or that are of equivalent quality). Under the terms of subordinated securities, payments that would otherwise be made to their holders may be required to be made to the holders of more senior securities, and/or the subordinated or junior securities may have junior liens, if they have any rights at all, in any collateral (meaning proceeds of the collateral are required to be paid first to the holders of more senior securities). As a result, subordinated or junior securities will be disproportionately adversely affected by a default or even a perceived decline in creditworthiness of the issuer.
The Portfolios compliance with its investment restrictions and limitations is usually determined at the time of investment. If the credit rating on a security is downgraded or the credit quality deteriorates after purchase by the Portfolio, or if the maturity of a security is extended after purchase by the Portfolio, the portfolio managers will decide whether the security should be held or sold. Certain mortgage- or asset-backed securities may provide, upon the occurrence of certain triggering events or defaults, for the investors to become the holders of the underlying assets. In that case the Portfolio may become the holder of securities that it could not otherwise purchase, based on its investment strategies or its investment restrictions and limitations, at a time when such securities may be difficult to dispose of because of adverse market conditions.
Non-U.S. Below Investment-Grade Bonds
Much emerging-market debt is rated below investment-grade, or unrated but comparable to that rated below investment-grade by internationally recognized rating agencies such as S&P, Fitch or Moodys. Securities that are rated BBB, A-2 or SP-2 by S&P, BBB or F-2 by Fitch or Baa or P-2 by Moodys are considered investment grade by the applicable rating agency (for a description of these rating categories, see Appendix A). Lower-quality debt securities, also known as junk bonds, are often considered to be speculative and involve greater risk of default or price change due to changes in the issuers creditworthiness. The market prices of these securities may fluctuate more than those of higher quality securities and may decline significantly in periods of general economic difficulty, which may follow periods of rising interest rates. Securities in the lowest quality category may present the risk of default, or may be in default.
While the Manager may refer to ratings issued by internationally recognized rating agencies, when available, the Manager may choose to rely upon, or to supplement such ratings with, its own independent and ongoing review of credit quality. The Portfolios achievement of its investment objective may, to the extent of its investment in medium- to lower-rated bonds, be more dependent upon the Managers credit analysis than would be the case if the Portfolio were to invest in higher quality bonds.
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The secondary market on which medium- to lower-rated bonds are traded may be less liquid than the market for higher grade bonds. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the price at which the Portfolio could sell medium- to lower-rated bonds and could cause large fluctuations in the daily NAV of the Portfolios shares. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of medium- to lower-rated bonds, especially in a thinly traded market. When secondary markets for medium- to lower-rated securities are less liquid than markets for higher grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available. Furthermore, prices for medium- to lower-rated bonds may be affected by legislative and regulatory developments.
Social, Political and Economic Instability
Investments in emerging-market countries involve exposure to a greater degree of risk due to increased political and economic instability. Instability may result from, among other factors: (i) authoritarian governments or military involvement in political and economic decision-making, including changes in government through extra-constitutional means; (ii) popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic and social conditions; (iii) internal insurgencies; (iv) hostile relations with neighboring countries; (v) ethnic, religious and racial disaffection; and (vi) changes in trading status.
Certain emerging-market countries have histories of instability and upheaval with respect to their internal policies that could cause their governments to act in a detrimental or hostile manner toward private enterprise or foreign investment. Such actions for example, nationalizing a company or industry, expropriating assets, or imposing punitive taxes could have a severe effect on security prices and impair the Portfolios ability to repatriate capital or income. The possibility exists that economic development in certain emerging-market countries may be suddenly slowed or reversed by unanticipated political or social events in those countries, and that economic, political and social instability in some countries could disrupt the financial markets in which the Portfolio invests and adversely affect the value of the Portfolios assets.
The risks described above are more pronounced in frontier markets, which are investable markets with lower total market capitalization and liquidity than the more developed emerging markets.
The foregoing is not intended to be exhaustive and there may be other risk factors to take into account in relation to a particular investment. In addition, investors should be aware that the Portfolio may invest in foreign countries or in companies in which foreign investors, including the Manager, have had no or limited prior experience. Investors should also note that a feature of emerging markets is that they are subject to rapid change and the information set out above may become outdated relatively quickly.
Investments in China
Risks of investments in securities of Chinese issuers include market volatility, heavy dependence on exports, which may decrease, sometimes significantly, when the world economy weakens, and the continuing importance of the role of the Chinese Government, which may take actions that affect economic and market practices. While the Chinese economy has grown rapidly in recent years, there is no guarantee that past growth rates will be maintained. In addition, trade disputes between China and its trading counterparties, including the United States, have arisen and may continue to arise. Such disputes have resulted in trade tariffs and may potentially result in future trade tariffs, as well as embargoes, trade limitations, trade wars and other negative consequences. These consequences could trigger, among other things, a substantial reduction in international trade and adverse effects on, and potential failure of, individual companies and/or large segments of Chinas export industry, which could have potentially significant negative effects on the Chinese economy as well as the global economy. Risks of investments in issuers based in Hong Kong, a special administrative region of China, include heavy reliance on the U.S. economy and regional economies, particularly the Chinese economy, which makes these investments vulnerable to changes in these economies. These and related factors may result in adverse effects on investments in China and Hong Kong and have a negative impact on the Portfolios performance.
The Portfolio may invest in renminbi-denominated bonds issued in China (RMB Bonds). RMB Bonds, including government and corporate bonds, are available in the China Interbank Bond Market (CIBM) to eligible foreign investors through the CIBM Direct Access Program and through the China-Hong Kong Bond Connect program (Bond Connect). Both programs are relatively new. Laws, rules, regulations, policies and guidelines relating to each program are untested and subject to change.
The CIBM Direct Access Program, established by the Peoples Bank of China, allows eligible foreign institutional investors to conduct trading in the CIBM, subject to other rules and regulations as promulgated by Chinese authorities. Eligible foreign institutional investors who wish to invest directly in the CIBM through the CIBM Direct Access Program may do so through an onshore settlement agent, who would be responsible for making the relevant filings and account opening with the relevant authorities. The Portfolio is therefore subject to the risk of default or errors on the part of such agent.
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Bond Connect provides a channel for overseas investors to invest in the Chinese bond market through investment links between Hong Kong and mainland China. In China, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority Central Money Markets Unit holds Bond Connect securities on behalf of the ultimate investors (such as the Portfolio) in accounts maintained with a China-based custodian (either the China Central Depository & Clearing Co. or the Shanghai Clearing House). This recordkeeping system subjects the Portfolio to numerous risks, including the risk that the Portfolio may have a limited ability to enforce its rights as a bondholder and the risks of settlement delays and counterparty default of the Hong Kong sub-custodian. Trading through Bond Connect is subject to other restrictions and risks. Bond Connect is generally only available on business days when both the China and Hong Kong markets are open, which may limit the Portfolios ability to trade when it would be otherwise attractive to do so. Investing through Bond Connect also subjects the Portfolio to the clearance and settlement procedures associated with Bond Connect, which could pose risks to the Portfolio. Furthermore, securities purchased through Bond Connect generally may not be sold, purchased or otherwise transferred other than through Bond Connect in accordance with applicable rules.
Uncertainties in Chinas tax rules related to the taxation of income and gains from investments in Chinese interbank bonds could result in unexpected tax liabilities for the Portfolio. Investing in the CIBM will also expose the Portfolio to renminbi currency risks. The ability to hedge renminbi currency risks may be limited. In addition, given the renminbi is subject to exchange control restrictions, the Portfolio could be adversely affected by delays in converting other currencies into renminbi and vice versa and at times when there are unfavorable market conditions.
Temporary Defensive Positions
For temporary defensive purposes in an attempt to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Portfolio may invest in certain types of short-term, liquid, investment grade or high-quality debt securities. While the Portfolio is investing for temporary defensive purposes, it may not meet its investment objective.
Risks of Investing in Emerging Markets
Investing in securities of companies in emerging-market countries entails greater risks than investing in securities in developed markets. The risks include but are not limited to the following:
Investment Restrictions
Some emerging-market countries prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on investments in their capital markets, particularly their equity markets, by foreign entities, such as the Portfolio. For example, certain emerging-market countries may require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, or limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in the country, or limit the investment by foreign persons to only specific classes of securities of a company which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals. Certain emerging-market countries may restrict investment opportunities in issuers or industries deemed important to national interests. The manner in which foreign investors may invest in companies in these emerging-market countries, as well as limitations on such investments, may have an adverse impact on the operations of the Portfolio.
Possibility of Theft or Loss of Assets
Security settlement and clearance procedures in some emerging-market countries may not fully protect the Portfolio against loss or theft of its assets. By way of example and without limitation, the Portfolio could suffer losses in the event of a fraudulent or otherwise deficient security settlement, or theft or default by a broker, dealer, or other intermediary. The existence of overburdened infrastructure and obsolete financial systems exacerbates the risks in certain emerging-market countries.
Settlement and Brokerage Practices
Brokerage commissions, custodial services, and other costs relating to investment in emerging-market countries are generally more expensive than in the United States. For example, one securities broker may represent all or a significant part of the trading volume in a particular country, resulting in higher trading costs and decreased liquidity due to a lack of alternative trading partners. Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when assets of the Portfolio are uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of the Portfolio to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Portfolio to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of Portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Portfolio due to subsequent declines in value of the Portfolio security or, if the Portfolio has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.
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Less Sophisticated Regulatory and Legal Framework
In emerging-market countries, there is generally less government supervision and regulation of business and industry practices, stock exchanges, brokers, issuers and listed companies than in the U.S., and capital requirements for brokerage firms are generally lower. There may also be a lower level of monitoring of activities of investors in emerging securities markets, and enforcement of existing regulations may be limited or inconsistent. The prices at which the Portfolio may acquire investments may be affected by trading by persons with material non-public information and by securities transactions by brokers in anticipation of transactions by the Portfolio in particular securities.
The sophisticated legal systems necessary for the proper and efficient functioning of modern capital markets have yet to be developed in most emerging-market countries, although many of these countries have made significant strides in this area in the past few years. A high degree of legal uncertainty may therefore exist as to the nature and extent of investors rights and the ability to enforce those rights in the courts. Many advanced legal concepts which now form significant elements of mature legal systems are not yet in place or, if they are in place, have yet to be tested in the courts. It is difficult to predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of judicial proceedings (often because the judges themselves have little or no experience with complex business transactions), or even the measure of damages which may be awarded following a successful claim.
Less Information on Companies and Markets
Many of the foreign securities held by the Portfolio will not be registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), nor will the issuers thereof be subject to SEC or other U.S. reporting requirements. Accordingly, there will generally be less publicly available information concerning foreign issuers of securities held by the Portfolio than will be available concerning U.S. companies. Foreign companies, and in particular companies in emerging-markets countries, are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards or to other regulatory requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies.
The Portfolio is subject to fundamental investment restrictions. The fundamental restrictions applicable to the Portfolio may not be changed without the approval of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding securities of the Portfolio, voting separately from any other series of the SCB Fund. A majority of the outstanding securities of the Portfolio means the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the shares represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present in person or represented by proxy or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares. All percentage limitations expressed in the following investment restrictions are measured immediately after the relevant transaction is made.
Investment Restrictions of the Intermediate Duration Portfolio
The Portfolio will not, except as otherwise provided herein:
| 1) | Purchase securities on margin, but the Portfolio may obtain such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of transactions; |
| 2) | Make short sales of securities or maintain a short position; |
| 3) | Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets except to the extent that forward commitments and reverse repurchase agreements may be considered senior securities or loans and except that the Portfolio may borrow from a bank for temporary or emergency purposes in amounts not exceeding 5% (taken at the lower of cost or current value) of its total assets (not including the amount borrowed) and pledge its assets to secure such borrowings. The Portfolio may not purchase a security while borrowings (other than forward commitments and reverse repurchase agreements which may be considered loans) exceed 5% of its total assets. The Portfolio may not enter into reverse repurchase agreements if the Portfolios obligations thereunder would be in excess of one-third of the Portfolios total assets, less liabilities other than obligations under such reverse repurchase agreements; |
| 4) | Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, except financial futures and options thereon; |
| 5) | Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate, although the Portfolio may purchase and sell securities which are secured by real estate, and securities of companies which invest and deal in real estate; |
| 6) | Purchase oil, gas or other mineral interests; |
| 7) | Lend money, except to the extent that repurchase agreements or the purchase of fixed-income securities may be considered loans of money or loan participations; |
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| 8) | Lend securities if, as a result, the total current value of the loaned securities is equal to more than 30% of the Portfolios total assets; |
| 9) | Act as an underwriter, except to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of certain portfolio securities, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under certain federal securities laws; |
| 10) | Invest in any securities of any issuer if, to the knowledge of the Fund, any officer or director of the Fund or of the Manager owns more than 1/2 of 1% of the securities of the issuer, and such officers or directors who own more than 1/2 of 1% own in the aggregate more than 5% of the outstanding securities of such issuer; |
| 11) | Purchase any security if, as a result, more than 25% of the Portfolios total assets (taken at current value) would be invested in a single industry. (For purposes of this restriction, assets invested in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities or securities issued by governments or political subdivisions of governments of states, possessions, or territories of the U.S. are not considered to be invested in any industry.); |
| 12) | Invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one issuer other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities if as a result of the purchase less than 75% of the Portfolios total assets is represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), Government securities, and other securities for the purposes of this calculation limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the total assets of the Portfolio determined at the time of investment; |
| 13) | Purchase any security if, as a result, it would hold more than 10% of the voting securities of any issuer; |
| 14) | Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management; |
| 15) | Invest in securities of other registered investment companies; |
| 16) | Purchase warrants if as a result the Fund would then have more than 5% of its total assets (determined at the time of investment) invested in warrants; or |
The following investment limitations are not fundamental, and may be changed without shareholder approval. The Intermediate Duration Portfolio currently does not intend to:
| 1) | Purchase any security if, as a result, the Portfolio would then have more than 15% of its net assets (at current value) invested in securities restricted as to disposition under federal securities laws (excluding 144A securities that have been determined to be liquid under procedures adopted by the Board of Directors based on the trading market for the security) or otherwise illiquid or not readily marketable, including repurchase agreements with maturities of more than 7 days; or |
| 2) | Invest in a reverse repurchase agreement if the amount received by the Portfolio through such an agreement, together with all other borrowings, will exceed 5% of the Portfolios total assets. |
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For purposes of determining the amount of portfolio securities that may be lent by the Portfolio to other parties in accordance with the investment restrictions set forth above, total assets of the Portfolio shall be determined in accordance with SEC interpretations issued from time to time.
Subject to the Portfolios investment policies, the Portfolio may invest in debt securities, including, but not limited to: (i) obligations issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or the agencies or instrumentalities thereof; (ii) straight and convertible corporate bonds and notes; (iii) loan participations; (iv) commercial paper; (v) obligations (including certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers acceptances) of thrifts and banks; (vi) mortgage-related securities; (vii) asset-backed securities; (viii) Municipal Securities, or other securities issued by state and local government agencies, the income on which may or may not be tax exempt; (ix) guaranteed investment contracts and bank investment contracts; (x) variable and floating rate securities; and (xi) private placements, preferred stock and foreign securities. The Intermediate Duration Portfolio may also invest in obligations of Supranational Agencies, preferred stock and foreign securities. From time to time, additional fixed-income securities are developed. They will be considered for purchase by the Portfolio. Of course, the extent to which the Portfolio emphasizes each of the categories of investment described depends upon the investment objectives and restrictions of the Portfolio. Some information regarding some of these types of investments is provided below. The following information about the Portfolios investment policies and practices supplements the information set forth in the Prospectus.
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Mortgage-Related Securities
Mortgage loans made on residential or commercial property by banks, savings and loan institutions and other lenders are often assembled into pools, and interests in the pools are sold to investors. Interests in such pools are referred to in this SAI as mortgage-related securities. Payments of mortgage-related securities are backed by the property mortgaged. In addition, some mortgage-related securities are guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. government. In the case of mortgage-related and asset-backed securities that are not backed by the United States Government or one of its agencies, a loss could be incurred if the collateral backing these securities is insufficient.
One type of mortgage-related security is a Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) Certificate. GNMA Certificates are backed as to principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Another type is a Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) Certificate. Principal and interest payments of FNMA Certificates are guaranteed only by FNMA itself, not by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. A third type of mortgage-related security in which one or more of the Portfolio might invest is a Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC) Participation Certificate. This type of security is backed by FHLMC as to payment of principal and interest but, like a FNMA security, it is not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
On September 7, 2008, due to the value of FHLMCs and FNMAs securities falling sharply and concerns that the firms did not have sufficient capital to offset losses resulting from the mortgage crisis, the Federal Housing Finance Agency placed FHLMC and FNMA into conservatorship. The U.S. government also took steps to provide additional financial support to FHLMC and FNMA, although there is no assurance that it will do so in the future. Under the Federal Housing Finance Agencys Single Security Initiative, FNMA and FHLMC are expected on June 3, 2019 to start issuing uniform mortgage-backed securities (UMBS) in place of their current offerings of TBA-eligible mortgage-backed securities. Forward trading of UMBS may occur up to 120 days prior to June 3, 2019. The effects of the issuance of UMBS on the market for mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC are uncertain. The Portfolios ability to invest in UMBS to the same degree that the Portfolio currently may invest in FNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities is also uncertain. While the risks of investing in UMBS are expected to be substantially similar to those of investing in mortgage-backed securities issued by either FNMA or FHLMC, there may be additional risks of investing in UMBS arising from their structure or trading.
The Portfolio may also invest in both residential and commercial mortgage pools originated by investment banking firms and builders. Rather than being guaranteed by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. government, these pools are usually backed by subordinated interests or mortgage insurance. The Manager of the Portfolio will take such insurance into account in determining whether to invest in such pools.
The Portfolio may invest in Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (REMICs) and collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs). REMICs include governmental and/or private entities that issue a fixed pool of mortgages secured by an interest in real property, and CMOs are debt obligations collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through securities.
Since the borrower is typically obligated to make monthly payments of principal and interest, most mortgage-related securities pass these payments through to the holder after deduction of a servicing fee. However, other payment arrangements are possible. Payments may be made to the holder on a different schedule than that on which payments are received from the borrower, including, but not limited to, weekly, biweekly and semiannually.
Furthermore, the monthly principal and interest payments are not always passed through to the holder on a pro rata basis. In the case of REMICs and CMOs, the pool is divided into two or more tranches, and special rules for the disbursement of principal and interest payments are established. The Portfolio may invest in debt obligations that are REMICs or CMOs; provided that the entity issuing the REMIC or CMO is not a registered investment company.
In another version of mortgage-related securities, all interest payments go to one class of holders Interest Only or IO and all of the principal goes to a second class of holders Principal Only or PO. The market values of both IOs and POs are sensitive to prepayment rates; the value of POs varies directly with prepayment rates, while the value of IOs varies inversely with prepayment rates. If prepayment rates are high, investors may actually receive less cash from the IO than was initially invested. IOs and POs issued by the U.S. government or its agencies and instrumentalities that are backed by fixed rate mortgages may have greater liquidity than other types of IOs and POs.
Payments to the Portfolio from mortgage-related securities generally represent both principal and interest. Although the underlying mortgage loans are for specified periods of time, such as 15 or 30 years, borrowers can, and often do, pay them off sooner. Thus, the Portfolio generally receive prepayments of principal in addition to the principal that is part of the regular monthly payments.
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A borrower is more likely to prepay a mortgage that bears a relatively high rate of interest. Thus, the value of the securities may not increase as much as other debt securities when interest rates fall. However, when interest rates rise, the rate of prepayments may slow and the value of the mortgage-related and asset-backed securities may decrease like other debt securities. The Portfolio normally do not distribute principal payments (whether regular or prepaid) to its shareholders. Rather, they invest such payments in additional securities, which may not be mortgage-related. Interest received by the Portfolio is, however, reflected in dividends to shareholders.
Another type of mortgage-related security, known as Government-Sponsored Enterprise (GSE) Risk-Sharing Bonds or Credit Risk Transfer securities (CRTs), transfers a portion of the risk of borrower defaults from the GSEs to investors through the issuance of a bond whose return of principal is linked to the performance of a selected pool of mortgages. CRTs are issued by GSEs (and sometimes banks or mortgage insurers) and structured without any government or GSE guarantee in respect of borrower defaults or underlying collateral. Typically, CRTs are issued at par and have stated final maturities. CRTs are structured so that: (i) interest is paid directly by the issuing GSE and (ii) principal is paid by the issuing GSE in accordance with the principal payments and default performance of a certain pool of residential mortgage loans acquired by the GSE.
The risks associated with an investment in CRTs differ from the risks associated with an investment in MBS issued by GSEs because, in CRTs, some or all of the credit risk associated with the underlying mortgage loans is transferred to the end-investor. As a result, in the event that a GSE fails to pay principal or interest on a CRT or goes through bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding, holders of such CRT have no direct recourse to the underlying mortgage loans.
Asset-Backed Securities
The Portfolio may purchase securities backed by financial assets such as loans or leases for various assets including automobiles, recreational vehicles, computers and receivables on pools of consumer debt, most commonly credit cards. Two examples of such asset-backed securities are CARS and CARDS. CARS are securities, representing either ownership interests in fixed pools of automobile receivables, or debt instruments supported by the cash flows from such a pool. CARDS are participations in revolving pools of credit-card accounts. These securities may have varying terms and degrees of liquidity. Asset-backed securities may be pass-through, representing actual equity ownership of the underlying assets, or pay-through, representing debt instruments supported by cash flows from the underlying assets. Pay-through asset-backed securities may pay all interest and principal to the holder, or they may pay a fixed rate of interest, with any excess over that required to pay interest going either into a reserve account or to a subordinate class of securities, which may be retained by the originator. Credit enhancement of asset-backed securities may take a variety of forms, including but not limited to overcollateralizing the securities, subordinating other tranches of an asset-backed issue to the securities, or by maintaining a reserve account for payment of the securities. In addition, part or all of the principal and/or interest payments on the securities may be guaranteed by the originator or a third-party insurer. The Manager takes all relevant credit enhancements into account in making investment decisions on behalf of the Portfolio.
In the case of securities backed by automobile receivables, the issuers of such securities typically file financing statements, and the servicers of such obligations take custody of such obligations. Therefore, if the servicers, in contravention of their duty, were to sell such obligations, the third-party purchasers would possibly acquire an interest superior to the holder of the securitized assets. Also, most states require that a security interest in a vehicle be noted on the certificate of title, and the certificate of title may not be amended to reflect the assignment of the sellers security interest. Therefore, the recovery of the collateral in some cases may not be available to support payments on the securities. In the case of credit card receivables, both federal and state consumer protection laws may allow setoffs against certain amounts owed against balances of the credit cards.
Private Placements
The Portfolio may invest in privately placed securities that, in the absence of an exemption, would be required to be registered under the Securities Act so as to permit their sale to the public (restricted securities). Restricted securities may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions. These securities may be more difficult to trade or dispose of than other types of securities.
Where registration of restricted securities is required, the Portfolio may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the decision to sell and the time the Portfolio may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Portfolio might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to sell. Restricted securities will be priced at fair value pursuant to policies approved by the Board.
If trading in restricted securities were to decline to limited levels, the liquidity of Portfolio investments could be adversely affected.
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Loan Participations and Assignments
The Portfolio may invest in fixed and floating rate loans (Loans) arranged through private negotiations between borrowers and one or more financial institutions (Lenders). Such loans are often referred to as bank loan debt. The Portfolios investments in Loans are expected in most instances to be in the form of participations in Loans (Participations) and assignments of all or a portion of Loans (Assignments) from third parties. The Portfolios investment in Participations typically will result in the Portfolio having a contractual relationship only with the Lender and not with the borrower. The Portfolio will have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the Lender selling the Participation and only upon receipt by the Lender of the payments from the borrower. In connection with purchasing Participations, the Portfolio generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the Loan, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Portfolio may not directly benefit from any collateral supporting the Loan in which it has purchased the Participation. As a result, the Portfolio may be subject to the credit risk of both the borrower and the Lender that is selling the Participation. In the event of the insolvency of the Lender selling a Participation, the Portfolio may be treated as a general creditor of the Lender and may not benefit from any set-off between the Lender and the borrower. Certain Participations may be structured in a manner designed to avoid purchasers of Participations being subject to the credit risk of the Lender with respect to the Participation; but even under such a structure, in the event of the Lenders insolvency, the Lenders servicing of the Participation may be delayed and the assignability of the Participation impaired. The Portfolio will acquire Participations only if the Lender interpositioned between the Portfolio and the borrower is a Lender having total assets of more than $25 billion and whose senior unsecured debt is rated investment grade (i.e., Baa3 or higher by Moodys or BBB- or higher by S&P or Fitch) or higher.
When the Portfolio purchases Assignments from Lenders it will acquire direct rights against the borrower on the Loan. Because Assignments are arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, however, the rights and obligations acquired by the Portfolio as the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning Lender. The assignability of certain obligations is restricted by the governing documentation as to the nature of the assignee such that the only way in which the Portfolio may acquire an interest in a Loan is through a Participation and not an Assignment. The Portfolio may have difficulty disposing of Assignments and Participations because to do so it will have to assign such securities to a third party. Because there is no liquid market for such securities, the Portfolio anticipates that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of institutional investors. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities and the Portfolios ability to dispose of particular Assignments or Participations when necessary to meet the Portfolios liquidity needs in response to a specific economic event such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the borrower. The lack of a liquid secondary market for Assignments and Participations also may make it more difficult for the Portfolio to assign a value to these securities for purposes of valuing the Portfolio and calculating its asset value.
Foreign (Non-U.S.) Fixed-Income Securities
While the Portfolio generally invests in domestic securities, the Portfolio may also invest in foreign-fixed income securities of the same type and quality as the domestic securities in which it invests when the anticipated performance of the foreign debt securities is believed by the Manager to offer more potential than domestic alternatives in keeping with the investment objectives of the Portfolio. The Portfolio may invest up to 25% of its total assets in non-U.S. Dollar denominated securities and may invest without limit in U.S. Dollar denominated foreign securities. The Portfolio may invest in foreign fixed-income securities that may involve risks in addition to those normally associated with domestic securities. These risks include currency risks and other risks described under the section Investment Risks, above.
Warrants
The Portfolio may invest in warrants. Warrants are securities that give the Portfolio the right to purchase securities from the issuer at a specific price (the strike price) for a limited period of time. The strike price of warrants sometimes is much lower than the current market price of the underlying securities, yet they are subject to similar price fluctuations. As a result, warrants may be more volatile investments than the underlying securities and may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends, interest payments or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. Also, the value of the warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to the expiration date. These factors can make warrants more speculative than other types of investments.
Bank Obligations
The Portfolio may invest in fixed-income obligations (including, but not limited to, time deposits, certificates of deposit and bankers acceptances) of thrift institutions and commercial banks.
Time deposits are non-negotiable obligations of banks or thrift institutions with specified maturities and interest rates.
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Certificates of deposit are negotiable obligations issued by commercial banks or thrift institutions. Certificates of deposit may bear a fixed rate of interest or a variable rate of interest based upon a specified market rate.
A bankers acceptance is a time draft drawn on a commercial bank, often in connection with the movement, sale or storage of goods.
The Portfolio expects to invest no more than 5% of the Portfolios net assets in fixed-income investments of non-insured U.S. banks and U.S. thrift institutions. The risks of investments in non-insured banks and thrifts are individually evaluated since non-insured banks and thrifts are not subject to supervision and examination by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or a similar regulatory authority. The Portfolio limits its purchases to fixed-income obligations issued by insured U.S. banks and U.S. thrift institutions which are rated B or higher by S&P, Fitch or Moodys or which are not rated but which are determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality. For investments in non-insured foreign banks, the Portfolio limits its purchases to fixed-income obligations issued by foreign banks with a rating of B or higher by S&P, Fitch or Moodys or of securities which are not rated but which are determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality. Although insured banks are subject to supervision and examination by the FDIC, investments in the Portfolio are not insured.
Convertible Securities
The Portfolio may purchase convertible corporate bonds and preferred stock. These securities may be converted at a stated price (the conversion price) into underlying shares of preferred or common stock. Convertible debt securities are typically subordinated to non-convertible securities of the same issuer and are usually callable. Convertible bonds and preferred stocks have many characteristics of non-convertible fixed-income securities. For example, the price of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and increase as interest rates decline. In addition, holders of convertibles usually have a claim on the assets of the issuer prior to the holders of common stock in case of liquidation.
The unusual feature of a convertible security is that changes in its price can be closely related to changes in the market price of the underlying stock. As the market price of the underlying stock falls below the conversion price, the convertible security tends to trade increasingly like a non-convertible bond. As the market price of the underlying common stock rises above the conversion price, the price of the convertible security may rise accordingly.
Other Securities
It is anticipated that, from time to time, other securities will be developed, and they will be considered as potential investments for the Portfolio, subject to Board guidelines.
Derivatives
The Portfolio may, but is not required to, use derivatives for hedging or risk management purposes or as part of its investment strategies. At times, the Portfolios exposure to derivatives may be significant. Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index. These assets, rates, and indices may include bonds, stocks, mortgages, commodities, interest rates, currency exchange rates, bond indices and stock indices.
There are four principal types of derivatives options, futures contracts, forward contracts and swaps. These principal types of derivative instruments, as well as the methods in which they may be used by the Portfolio are described below. Derivatives include listed and cleared transactions where the Portfolios derivative trade counterparty is backed by an exchange or clearinghouse and non-cleared bilateral over-the-counter (OTC) transactions where the Portfolios derivative trade counterparty is a financial institution. Exchange-traded or cleared derivatives transactions tend to be subject to less counterparty credit risk than those that are privately negotiated. The Portfolio may use derivatives to earn income and enhance returns, to hedge or adjust the risk profile of its investments and either to replace more traditional direct investments or to obtain exposure to otherwise inaccessible markets.
Forward Contracts. A forward contract is a customized, privately negotiated agreement for one party to buy, and the other party to sell, a specific quantity of an underlying commodity or other asset for an agreed-upon price at a future date. A forward contract generally is settled by physical delivery of the commodity or other asset underlying the forward contract to an agreed-upon location at a future date (rather than settled by cash) or will be rolled forward into a new forward contract. Non-deliverable forwards (NDFs) specify a cash payment upon maturity.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. A futures contract is an agreement that obligates the buyer to buy and the seller to sell a specified quantity of an underlying asset (or settle for cash the value of a contract based on an underlying asset, rate or index) at a specific price on the contract maturity date. Options on futures contracts are options that call for the delivery of futures contracts upon exercise. Futures contracts are standardized, exchange-traded instruments and are fungible
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(i.e., considered to be perfect substitutes for each other). This fungibility allows futures contracts to be readily offset or canceled through the acquisition of equal but opposite positions, which is the primary method in which futures contracts are liquidated. A cash-settled futures contract does not require physical delivery of the underlying asset but instead is settled for cash equal to the difference between the values of the contract on the date it is entered into and its maturity date.
When purchasing a futures contract, the Portfolio will maintain with its custodian (and mark-to-market daily) assets determined to be liquid that when added to the amounts deposited with a futures commission merchant as margin, are equal to the market value of the futures contract. Alternatively, the Portfolio may cover its position by purchasing a put option on the same futures contract with a strike price as high or higher than the price of the contract held by the Portfolio.
When the Portfolio sells a futures contract, the Portfolio will maintain with its custodian (and mark-to-market daily) assets determined to be liquid that are equal to the market value of the futures contract. Alternatively, the Portfolio may cover its position by owning the instruments underlying the futures contract or, in the case of an index futures contract, the Portfolio with estimated volatility substantially similar to that of the index on which the futures contract is based. In addition, the Portfolio may hold a call option permitting the Portfolio to purchase the same futures contract at a price no higher than the price of the contract written by the Portfolio or at a higher price if an amount equal to the difference is earmarked or segregated with the custodian.
For cash-settled futures contracts, the Portfolio may cover the open position by segregating or earmarking liquid assets in an amount equal to the Portfolios daily mark-to-market (net) obligation (or the Portfolios net liability), if any, rather than the market value of the futures contract. By doing so, the Portfolio will be able to use these contracts to a greater extent than if the Portfolio were required to segregate or earmark assets equal to the full market value of the futures contract.
Options. An option, which may be standardized and exchange-traded, or customized and privately negotiated, is an agreement that, for a premium payment or fee, gives the option holder (the buyer) the right but not the obligation to buy (a call) or sell (a put) the underlying asset (or settle for cash an amount based on an underlying asset, rate or index) at a specified price (the exercise price) during a period of time or on a specified date. Likewise, when an option is exercised the writer of the option is obligated to sell (in the case of a call option) or to purchase (in the case of a put option) the underlying asset (or settle for cash an amount based on an underlying asset, rate or index). Investments in options are considered speculative. The Portfolio may lose the premium paid for them if the price of the underlying security or other asset decreased or remained the same (in the case of a call option) or increased or remained the same (in the case of a put option). If a put or call option purchased by the Portfolio were permitted to expire without being sold or exercised, its premium would represent a loss to the Portfolio.
The Portfolio will not write any option if, immediately thereafter, the aggregate value of the Portfolios securities subject to outstanding options would exceed 25% of its net assets, except for derivative transactions in respect of foreign currencies.
Swaps. A swap is an agreement that obligates two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at specified intervals (payment dates) based upon or calculated by reference to changes in specified prices or rates (interest rates in the case of interest rate swaps, currency exchange rates in the case of currency swaps) for a specified amount of an underlying asset (the notional principal amount). Most swaps are entered into on a net basis (i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with the Portfolio receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments). Generally, other than as described below, the notional principal amount is used solely to calculate the payment streams but is not exchanged. Certain standardized swaps, including certain interest rate swaps and credit default swaps, among other types of swaps, are subject to mandatory central clearing and trading on a registered electronic facility. Cleared swaps are transacted through futures commission merchants (FCMs) that are members of central clearinghouses with the clearinghouse serving as central counterparty, similar to transactions in futures contracts. Portfolios post initial and variation margin to support their obligations under cleared swaps by making payments to their clearing member FCMs. Central clearing is expected to reduce counterparty risks and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not make swap transactions risk free. Centralized clearing will be required for additional categories of swaps on a phased-in basis based on CFTC approval of contracts for central clearing. The SEC may adopt similar clearing requirements in respect of security-based swaps. Bilateral swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors and are not cleared through a third party.
Risks of Derivatives. Investment techniques employing such derivatives involve risks different from, and, in certain cases, greater than, the risks presented by more traditional investments. Following is a general discussion of important risk factors and issues concerning the use of derivatives.
| | Market Risk. This is the general risk attendant to all investments that the value of a particular investment will change in a way detrimental to the Portfolios interest. |
| | Management Risk. Derivative products are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with stocks and bonds. The use of a derivative requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the derivative itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions. In particular, the use and complexity of derivatives require the maintenance of adequate controls to monitor the transactions entered into, the ability to assess the risk that a derivative adds to the Portfolios investment portfolio, and the ability to forecast price, interest rate or currency exchange rate movements correctly. |
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| | Credit Risk. This is the risk that a loss may be sustained by the Portfolio as a result of the failure of another party to a derivative (usually referred to as a counterparty) to comply with the terms of the derivative contract. The credit risk for derivatives traded on an exchange or through a clearinghouse is generally less than for uncleared OTC derivatives, since the exchange or clearinghouse, which is the issuer or counterparty to each derivative, provides a guarantee of performance. This guarantee is supported by a daily payment system (i.e., margin requirements) operated by the clearinghouse in order to reduce overall credit risk. For uncleared OTC derivatives, there is no similar clearing agency guarantee. Therefore, the Portfolio considers the creditworthiness of each counterparty to an uncleared OTC derivative in evaluating potential credit risk. |
| | Illiquidity Risk. Illiquidity risk exists when a particular instrument is difficult to purchase or sell. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with many privately negotiated derivatives), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous price. |
| | Leverage Risk. Since many derivatives have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, rate or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. In the case of swaps, the risk of loss generally is related to a notional principal amount, even if the parties have not made any initial investment. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. |
| | Regulatory Risk. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank), enacted in July 2010, includes provisions that comprehensively regulate OTC derivatives for the first time. Dodd-Frank authorizes the SEC and the CFTC to mandate that a substantial portion of OTC derivatives must be executed in regulated markets and be submitted for clearing to regulated clearinghouses (as discussed below, the CFTC has mandated that certain OTC derivatives must be cleared and traded on a regulated exchange and will impose these requirements on additional OTC derivatives in the future). OTC derivatives submitted for clearing will be subject to minimum initial and variation margin requirements set by the relevant clearinghouse, as well as margin requirements mandated by the CFTC. Specifically, regulations are now in effect that require swap dealers to post and collect variation margin (comprised of specified liquid instruments and subject to a required haircut) in connection with the trading of OTC derivatives with the Portfolio. Requirements for posting of initial margin in connection with OTC derivatives will be phased in through 2020. In addition, regulations adopted by prudential regulators that will begin to take effect in 2019 will require certain bank-regulated counterparties and certain of their affiliates to include in certain financial contracts and repurchase agreements, including many derivatives contracts, terms that delay or restrict the rights of counterparties to terminate such contracts, foreclose upon collateral, exercise other default rights or restrict transfers of credit support in the event that the counterparty and/or its affiliates are subject to certain types of resolution or insolvency proceedings. OTC derivatives dealers typically demand the unilateral ability to increase a counterpartys collateral requirements for cleared OTC derivatives beyond any regulatory and clearinghouse minimums. The regulators also have broad discretion to impose margin requirements on non-cleared OTC derivatives and new requirements will apply to the holding of customer collateral by OTC derivatives dealers. These requirements may increase the amount of collateral the Portfolio is required to provide and the costs associated with providing it. OTC derivative dealers also are required to post margin to the clearinghouses through which they clear their customers trades instead of using such margin in their operations, as was widely permitted before Dodd-Frank. This has and will continue to increase the OTC derivative dealers costs, and these increased costs may be passed through to the Portfolio in the form of higher upfront and mark-to-market margin, less favorable trade pricing, and the imposition of new or increased fees, including clearing account maintenance fees. |
As discussed above, OTC derivatives are subject to Credit Risk, whereas the exposure to default for cleared derivatives is assumed by the exchanges clearinghouse. However, the Portfolio will not face a clearinghouse directly but rather through an OTC derivatives dealer that is registered with the CFTC or SEC to act as a clearing member. The Portfolio may therefore face the indirect risk of the failure of another clearing member customer to meet its obligations to its clearing member. Such scenario could arise due to a default by the clearing member on its obligations to the clearinghouse, triggered by a customers failure to meet its obligations to the clearing member.
The SEC and CFTC will also require a substantial portion of derivative transactions that are currently executed on a bilateral basis in the OTC markets to be executed through a regulated securities, futures, or swap exchange or execution facility. Certain CFTC-regulated derivatives are already subject to these rules and the CFTC expects to subject additional OTC derivatives to such trade execution rules in the future. The SEC has not indicated when they will impose clearing or trade execution requirements on the OTC derivatives that they regulate. Such requirements may make it more difficult and costly for the Portfolio to enter into highly
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tailored or customized transactions. They may also render certain strategies in which the Portfolio might otherwise engage impossible or so costly that they will no longer be economical to implement. If the Portfolio decides to become a direct member of one or more of these exchanges or execution facilities, the Portfolio will be subject to all of the rules of the exchange or execution facility, which would bring additional risks and liabilities, and potential additional regulatory requirements.
OTC derivative dealers are now required to register with the CFTC and will ultimately be required to register with the SEC. Dealers are subject to new minimum capital and margin requirements, business conduct standards, disclosure requirements, reporting and recordkeeping requirements, transparency requirements, position limits, limitations on conflicts of interest, and other regulatory burdens. These requirements further increase the overall costs for OTC derivative dealers, which costs may be passed along to the Portfolio as market changes continue to be implemented. The overall impact of Dodd-Frank on the Portfolio remains highly uncertain and it is unclear how the OTC derivatives markets will adapt to this new regulatory regime, along with additional, sometimes overlapping, regulatory requirements imposed by non-U.S. regulators.
In addition, Congress, various exchanges and regulatory and self-regulatory authorities have undertaken reviews of options and futures trading in light of market volatility. Among the actions that have been taken or proposed to be taken are new limits and reporting requirements for speculative positions, new or more stringent daily price fluctuation limits for futures and options transactions, and increased margin requirements for various types of futures transactions. The ultimate impact of the regulations remains unclear. Additional regulation may make derivatives more costly, limit their availability or utility, otherwise adversely affect their performance, or disrupt markets.
Recently, five U.S. prudential regulators (the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the Federal Reserve), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Farm Credit Administration, and the Federal Housing Finance Agency) adopted a joint final rule mandating collection and posting of initial and variation margin by swap dealers, major swap participants, security-based swap dealers and major security-based swap participants and the CFTC adopted companion interim final rules covering entities regulated by it (together, the Swap Margin Rules). The Swap Margin Rules require the regulated entities subject to the rules to collect initial and variation margin from counterparties such as the Portfolio, when trading over-the-counter derivatives. The variation margin rules were phased in during a six-month period that began on September 1, 2016 and ended on March 1, 2017. The initial margin rules are being phased in through 2020. In addition, in May 2016 the Federal Reserve issued a proposed rule that, if adopted, would eliminate the ability of counterparties in over-the-counter derivatives transactions to exercise certain cross-default rights and potentially inhibit the ability to rely on a parent guarantee upon certain types of insolvencies and defaults. Notwithstanding the enhanced regulation, there is also the possibility that the markets in which the Portfolio invests will experience another severe worldwide economic downturn. The cost of posting margin under the new rules may make use of such derivatives less attractive to the Portfolio, and the proposed rule may adversely affect the Portfolio in the event of counterparty insolvencies or defaults.
| | Counterparty Risk. The value of an OTC derivative will depend on the ability and willingness of the Portfolios counterparty to perform its obligations under the transaction. If the counterparty defaults, the Portfolio will have contractual remedies but may choose not to enforce them to avoid the cost and unpredictability of legal proceedings. In addition, if a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations, the Portfolio could miss investment opportunities or otherwise be required to retain investments it would prefer to sell, resulting in losses for the Portfolio. Participants in OTC derivatives markets generally are not subject to the same level of credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are exchanges or clearinghouses. As a result, OTC derivatives generally expose the Portfolio to greater counterparty risk than derivatives traded on an exchange or through a clearinghouse. |
New regulations affecting derivatives transactions require certain standardized derivatives, including many types of swaps, to be subject to mandatory central clearing and the CFTC and the SEC, as applicable, may in the future require additional types of derivatives to be subject to mandatory clearing. Under these new requirements, a central clearing organization is substituted as the counterparty to each side of the derivatives transaction. Each party to derivatives transactions is required to maintain its positions with a clearing organization through one or more clearing brokers. Central clearing is intended to reduce, but not eliminate, counterparty risk. The Portfolio is subject to the risk that its clearing member or clearing organization will itself be unable to perform its obligations.
| | Other Risks. Other risks in using derivatives include the risk of mispricing or improper valuation of derivatives and the inability of derivatives to correlate perfectly with underlying assets, rates and indices. Many derivatives, in particular privately negotiated derivatives, are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to the Portfolio. Derivatives do not always perfectly or even highly correlate with or track the value of the assets, rates or indices they are designed to closely track. Consequently, the Portfolios use of derivatives may not always be an effective means of, and sometimes could be counterproductive to, furthering the Portfolios investment objective. |
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Other. The Portfolio may purchase and sell derivative instruments only to the extent that such activities are consistent with the requirements of the CEA, including registration as a commodity pool operator. Effective December 31, 2012, the CFTC adopted certain regulatory changes that subject registered investment companies and advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if the Portfolio invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (CFTC Derivatives) for purposes other than bona fide hedging, as defined in the rules of the CFTC, or if the Portfolio markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent the Portfolio uses CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a commodity pool or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, the Portfolio has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term commodity pool operator under the CEA pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. The Manager is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA in respect of the Portfolio.
Use of Options, Futures Contracts, Forward Contracts and Swaps by the Portfolio
Forward Currency Exchange Contracts
A forward currency exchange contract is an obligation by one party to buy, and the other party to sell, a specific amount of a currency for an agreed-upon price at a future date. A forward currency exchange contract may result in the delivery of the underlying asset upon maturity of the contract in return for the agreed-upon payment. NDFs specify a cash payment upon maturity. NDFs are normally used when the market for physical settlement of the currency is underdeveloped, heavily regulated or highly taxed.
The Portfolio may, for example, enter into forward currency exchange contracts to attempt to minimize the risk to the Portfolio from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies. The Portfolio may purchase or sell forward currency exchange contracts for hedging purposes similar to those described below in connection with their transactions in foreign currency futures contracts. The Portfolio may also purchase or sell forward currency exchange contracts for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies, as described below under Currency Transactions.
If a hedging transaction in forward currency exchange contracts is successful, the decline in the value of portfolio securities or the increase in the cost of securities to be acquired may be offset, at least in part, by profits on the forward currency exchange contract. Nevertheless, by entering into such forward currency exchange contracts, the Portfolio may be required to forgo all or a portion of the benefits which otherwise could have been obtained from favorable movements in exchange rates.
The Portfolio may also use forward currency exchange contracts to seek to increase total return when the Manager anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Portfolio and do not present attractive investment opportunities. For example, the Portfolio may enter into a foreign currency exchange contract to purchase a currency if the Manager expects the currency to increase in value. The Portfolio would recognize a gain if the market value of the currency is more than the contract value of the currency at the time of settlement of the contract. Similarly, the Portfolio may enter into a foreign currency exchange contract to sell a currency if the Manager expects the currency to decrease in value. The Portfolio would recognize a gain if the market value of the currency is less than the contract value of the currency at the time of settlement of the contract.
The cost of engaging in forward currency exchange contracts varies with such factors as the currencies involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Since transactions in foreign currencies are usually conducted on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved. The Portfolio will segregate and mark to market liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the Portfolios obligations under any forward currency exchange contracts.
Options on Securities
The Portfolio may write and purchase call and put options on securities. In purchasing an option on securities, the Portfolio would be in a position to realize a gain if, during the option period, the price of the underlying securities increased (in the case of a call) or decreased (in the case of a put) by an amount in excess of the premium paid; otherwise the Portfolio would experience a loss not greater than the premium paid for the option. Thus, the Portfolio would realize a loss if the price of the underlying security declined or remained the same (in the case of a call) or increased or remained the same (in the case of a put) or otherwise did not increase (in the case of a put) or decrease (in the case of a call) by more than the amount of the premium. If a put or call option purchased by the Portfolio were permitted to expire without being sold or exercised, its premium would represent a loss to the Portfolio.
The Portfolio may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that the Portfolio anticipates purchasing in the future. If such increase occurs, the call option will permit the Portfolio to purchase the securities at the exercise price, or to close out the options at a profit. The premium paid for the call option plus any transaction costs will reduce the benefit, if any, realized by the Portfolio upon exercise of the option, and, unless the price of the underlying security rises sufficiently, the option may expire worthless to the Portfolio and the Portfolio will suffer a loss on the transaction to the extent of the premium paid. Options may also be purchased to alter the effective duration of the Portfolio.
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The Portfolio may write a put or call option in return for a premium, which is retained by the Portfolio whether or not the option is exercised. The Portfolio may write (i.e., sell) only covered put and call options (except in respect of currency transactions) on its portfolio securities. These options will generally be sold when the Manager perceives the options to be overpriced. They may also be sold to alter the effective duration of the Portfolio. A call option written by the Portfolio is covered if the Portfolio owns the underlying security, has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security upon conversion or exchange of another security it holds, or holds a call option on the underlying security with an exercise price equal to or less than the exercise price of the call option it has written. A put option written by the Portfolio is covered if the Portfolio holds a put option on the underlying securities with an exercise price equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put option it has written. Uncovered options or naked options are riskier than covered options. For example, if the Portfolio wrote a naked call option and the price of the underlying security increased, the Portfolio would have to purchase the underlying security for delivery to the call buyer and sustain a loss equal to the difference between the option price and the market price of the security.
The Portfolio may also, as an example, write combinations of put and call options on the same security, known as straddles, with the same exercise and expiration date. By writing a straddle, the Portfolio undertakes a simultaneous obligation to sell and purchase the same security in the event that one of the options is exercised. If the price of the security subsequently rises above the exercise price, the call will likely be exercised and the Portfolio will be required to sell the underlying security at or below market price. This loss may be offset, however, in whole or in part, by the premiums received on the writing of the two options. Conversely, if the price of the security declines by a sufficient amount, the put will likely be exercised. The writing of straddles will likely be effective, therefore, only where the price of the security remains stable and neither the call nor the put is exercised. In those instances where one of the options is exercised, the loss on the purchase or sale of the underlying security may exceed the amount of the premiums received.
By writing a call option, the Portfolio limits its opportunity to profit from any increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. By writing a put option, the Portfolio assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price above its then current market value, resulting in a capital loss unless the security subsequently appreciates in value. Where options are written for hedging purposes, such transactions constitute only a partial hedge against declines in the value of portfolio securities or against increases in the value of securities to be acquired, up to the amount of the premium. The Portfolio may purchase put options to hedge against a decline in the value of portfolio securities. If such decline occurs, the put options will permit the Portfolio to sell the securities at the exercise price or to close out the options at a profit. By using put options in this way, the Portfolio will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized on the underlying security by the amount of the premium paid for the put option and by transaction costs.
The Portfolio may purchase or write options on securities of the types in which it is permitted to invest in privately negotiated (i.e., OTC) transactions. The Portfolio will effect such transactions only with investment dealers and other financial institutions (such as commercial banks or savings and loan institutions) deemed creditworthy by the Manager, and the Manager has adopted procedures for monitoring the creditworthiness of such entities. Options purchased or written in negotiated transactions may be more difficult to trade or dispose of than other types of securities and it may not be possible for the Portfolio to effect a closing transaction at a time when the Manager believes it would be advantageous to do so.
Options on Securities Indexes
An option on a securities index is similar to an option on a security except that, rather than taking or making delivery of a security at a specified price, an option on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of cash if the closing level of the chosen index is greater than (in the case of a call) or less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option.
The Portfolio may write (sell) call and put options and purchase call and put options on securities indices. If the Portfolio purchases put options on securities indices to hedge its investments against a decline in the value of portfolio securities, it will seek to offset a decline in the value of securities it owns through appreciation of the put option. If the value of the Portfolios investments does not decline as anticipated, or if the value of the option does not increase, the Portfolios loss will be limited to the premium paid for the option. The success of this strategy will largely depend on the accuracy of the correlation between the changes in value of the index and the changes in value of the Portfolios security holdings.
The Portfolio may also write put or call options on securities indices to, among other things, earn income. If the value of the chosen index declines below the exercise price of the put option, the Portfolio has the risk of loss of the amount of the difference between the exercise price and the closing level of the chosen index, which it would be required to pay to the buyer of the put option
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and which may not be offset by the premium it received upon sale of the put option. Similarly, if the value of the index is higher than the exercise price of the call option, the Portfolio has the risk of loss of the amount of the difference between the exercise price and the closing level of the chosen index, which may not be offset by the premium it received upon sale of the call option. If the decline or increase in the value of the securities index is significantly below or above the exercise price of the written option, the Portfolio could experience a substantial loss.
The purchase of call options on securities indices may be used by the Portfolio to attempt to reduce the risk of missing a broad market advance, or an advance in an industry or market segment, at a time when the Portfolio holds uninvested cash or short-term debt securities awaiting investment. When purchasing call options for this purpose, the Portfolio will also bear the risk of losing all or a portion of the premium paid if the value of the index does not rise. The purchase of call options on stock indices when the Portfolio is substantially fully invested is a form of leverage, up to the amount of the premium and related transaction costs, and involves risks of loss and of increased volatility similar to those involved in purchasing call options on securities the Portfolio owns.
Other Option Strategies
In an effort to earn extra income, to adjust exposure to individual securities or markets, or to protect all or a portion of its portfolio from a decline in value, sometimes within certain ranges, the Portfolio may use option strategies such as the concurrent purchase of a call or put option, including on individual securities and stock indexes, futures contracts (including on individual securities and stock indexes) or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) at one strike price and the writing of a call or put option on the same individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF at a higher strike price in the case of a call option or at a lower strike price in the case of a put option. The maximum profit from this strategy would result for the call options from an increase in the value of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF above the higher strike price or, for the put options, the decline in the value of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF below the lower strike price. If the price of the individual security, stock index, futures contract or ETF declines in the case of the call option, or increases in the case of the put option, the Portfolio has the risk of losing the entire amount paid for the call or put options.
Options on Foreign Currencies
The Portfolio may purchase and write options on foreign currencies for hedging purposes. For example, a decline in the U.S. Dollar value of a foreign currency in which portfolio securities are denominated will reduce the U.S. Dollar value of such securities, even if their value in the foreign currency remains constant. In order to protect against such diminutions in the value of portfolio securities, the Portfolio may purchase put options on the foreign currency. If the value of the currency does decline, the Portfolio will have the right to sell such currency for a fixed amount in U.S. Dollars and could thereby offset, in whole or in part, the adverse effect on its portfolio which otherwise would have resulted.
Conversely, where a rise in the U.S. Dollar value of a currency in which securities to be acquired are denominated is projected, thereby increasing the cost of such securities, the Portfolio may purchase call options thereon. The purchase of such options could offset, at least partially, the effects of the adverse movements in exchange rates. As in the case of other types of options, however, the benefit to the Portfolio from purchases of foreign currency options will be reduced by the amount of the premium and related transaction costs. In addition, where currency exchange rates do not move in the direction or to the extent anticipated, the Portfolio could sustain losses on transactions in foreign currency options which would require it to forgo a portion or all of the benefits of advantageous changes in such rates.
The Portfolio may write options on foreign currencies, including for hedging purposes. For example, where the Portfolio anticipates a decline in the U.S. Dollar value of foreign currency-denominated securities due to adverse fluctuations in exchange rates it could, instead of purchasing a put option, write a call option on the relevant currency. If the expected decline occurs, the option will most likely not be exercised, and the diminution in value of portfolio securities could be offset by the amount of the premium received.
Similarly, instead of purchasing a call option to hedge against an anticipated increase in the U.S. Dollar cost of securities to be acquired, the Portfolio could write a put option on the relevant currency, which, if rates move in the manner projected, will expire unexercised and allow the Portfolio to hedge such increased cost up to the amount of the premium. As in the case of other types of options, however, the writing of a foreign currency option will constitute only a partial hedge up to the amount of the premium, and only if rates move in the expected direction. If this does not occur, the option may be exercised and the Portfolio will be required to purchase or sell the underlying currency at a loss, which may not be offset by the amount of the premium. Through the writing of options on foreign currencies, the Portfolio also may be required to forgo all or a portion of the benefits which might otherwise have been obtained from favorable movements in exchange rates.
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In addition to using options for the hedging purposes described above, the Portfolio may also invest in options on foreign currencies for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investments in foreign currencies. The Portfolio may use options on currency to seek to increase total return when the Manager anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that security are not held by the Portfolio and do not present attractive investment opportunities. For example, the Portfolio may purchase call options in anticipation of an increase in the market value of a currency. The Portfolio would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of such currency exceeded the sum of the exercise price, the premium paid and transaction costs. Otherwise, the Portfolio would realize no gain or a loss on the purchase of the call option. Put options may be purchased by the Portfolio for the purpose of benefiting from a decline in the value of a currency that the Portfolio does not own. The Portfolio would normally realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying currency decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to more than cover the premium and transaction costs. Otherwise, the Portfolio would realize no gain or loss on the purchase of the put option. For additional information on the use of options on foreign currencies for non-hedging purposes, see Currency Transactions below.
Special Risks Associated with Options on Currency. An exchange traded options position may be closed out only on an options exchange that provides a secondary market for an option of the same series. Although the Portfolio will generally purchase or sell options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time. For some options, no secondary market on an exchange may exist. In such event, it might not be possible to effect closing transactions in particular options, with the result that the Portfolio would have to exercise its options in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs on the sale of the underlying currency.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts
Futures contracts that the Portfolio may buy and sell may include futures contracts on fixed-income or other securities, and contracts based on interest rates, foreign currencies or financial indices, including any index of U.S. government securities. The Portfolio may, for example, purchase or sell futures contracts and options thereon to hedge against changes in interest rates, securities (through index futures or options) or currencies.
The Portfolio purchases and sells futures contracts only on exchanges where there appears to be a market in the futures sufficiently active to accommodate the volume of trading activity. Options on futures contracts written or purchased by the Portfolio will be traded on exchanges or over-the-counter. The Portfolio may purchase or sell options on futures contracts for hedging or other purposes.
Interest rate futures contracts are purchased or sold for hedging purposes to attempt to protect against the effects of interest rate changes on the Portfolios current or intended investments in fixed-income securities. For example, if the Portfolio owned long-term bonds and interest rates were expected to increase, the Portfolio might sell interest rate futures contracts. Such a sale would have much the same effect as selling some of the long-term bonds in the Portfolio. However, since the futures market is more liquid than the cash market, the use of interest rate futures contracts as a hedging technique allows the Portfolio to hedge its interest rate risk without having to sell its portfolio securities. If interest rates were to increase, the value of the debt securities in the portfolio would decline, but the value of the Portfolios interest rate futures contracts would be expected to increase at approximately the same rate, thereby keeping the NAV of the Portfolio from declining as much as it otherwise would have. On the other hand, if interest rates were expected to decline, interest rate futures contracts could be purchased to hedge in anticipation of subsequent purchases of long-term bonds at higher prices. Because the fluctuations in the value of the interest rate futures contracts should be similar to those of long-term bonds, the Portfolio could protect itself against the effects of the anticipated rise in the value of long-term bonds without actually buying them until the necessary cash becomes available or the market has stabilized. At that time, the interest rate futures contracts could be liquidated and the Portfolios cash reserves could then be used to buy long-term bonds on the cash market.
The Portfolio may purchase and sell foreign currency futures contracts for hedging purposes in order to protect against fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Such fluctuations could reduce the dollar value of portfolio securities denominated in foreign currencies, or increase the cost of non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities to be acquired, even if the value of such securities in the currencies in which they are denominated remains constant. The Portfolio may sell futures contracts on a foreign currency, for example, when it holds securities denominated in such currency and it anticipates a decline in the value of such currency relative to the dollar. If such a decline were to occur, the resulting adverse effect on the value of non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities may be offset, in whole or in part, by gains on the futures contracts. However, if the value of the foreign currency increases relative to the dollar, the Portfolios loss on the foreign currency futures contract may or may not be offset by an increase in the value of the securities because a decline in the price of the security stated in terms of the foreign currency may be greater than the increase in value as a result of the change in exchange rates.
Conversely, the Portfolio could protect against a rise in the dollar cost of non-U.S. Dollar-denominated securities to be acquired by purchasing futures contracts on the relevant currency, which could offset, in whole or in part, the increased cost of such securities
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resulting from a rise in the dollar value of the underlying currencies. When the Portfolio purchases futures contracts under such circumstances, however, and the price in dollars of securities to be acquired instead declines as a result of appreciation of the dollar, the Portfolio will sustain losses on its futures position which could reduce or eliminate the benefits of the reduced cost of portfolio securities to be acquired.
The Portfolio may also engage in currency cross hedging when, in the opinion of the Manager, the historical relationship among foreign currencies suggests that the Portfolio may achieve protection against fluctuations in currency exchange rates similar to that described above at a reduced cost through the use of a futures contract relating to a currency other than the U.S. Dollar or the currency in which the foreign security is denominated. Such cross hedging is subject to the same risks as those described above with respect to an unanticipated increase or decline in the value of the subject currency relative to the U.S. Dollar.
The Portfolio may also use foreign currency futures contracts and options on such contracts for non-hedging purposes. Similar to options on currencies described above, the Portfolio may use foreign currency futures contracts and options on such contracts to seek to increase total return when the Manager anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Portfolio and do not present attractive investment opportunities. The risks associated with foreign currency futures contracts and options on futures are similar to those associated with options on foreign currencies, as described above. For additional information on the use of options on foreign currencies for non-hedging purposes, see Currency Transactions below.
Purchases or sales of stock or bond index futures contracts may be used for investment purposes and may also be used for hedging or risk management purposes to attempt to protect the Portfolios current or intended investments from broad fluctuations in stock or bond prices. For example, the Portfolio may sell stock or bond index futures contracts in anticipation of or during a market decline to attempt to offset the decrease in market value of the Portfolios securities that might otherwise result. If such decline occurs, the loss in value of portfolio securities may be offset, in whole or in part, by gains on the futures position. When the Portfolio is not fully invested in the securities market and anticipates a significant market advance, it may purchase stock or bond index futures contracts in order to gain rapid market exposure that may, in whole or in part, offset increases in the cost of securities that the Portfolio intends to purchase. As such purchases are made, the corresponding positions in stock or bond index futures contracts will be closed out.
The Portfolio has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under that Act.
Options on futures contracts are options that call for the delivery of futures contracts upon exercise. Options on futures contracts written or purchased by the Portfolio will be traded on U.S. exchanges.
The writing of a call option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against declining prices of the securities in the Portfolio. If the futures price at expiration of the option is below the exercise price, the Portfolio will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in the Portfolios holdings. The writing of a put option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against increasing prices of the securities or other instruments required to be delivered under the terms of the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration of the put option is higher than the exercise price, the Portfolio will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any increase in the price of securities which the Portfolio intends to purchase. If a put or call option the Portfolio has written is exercised, the Portfolio will incur a loss which will be reduced by the amount of the premium it receives. Depending on the degree of correlation between changes in the value of its portfolio securities and changes in the value of its options on futures positions, the Portfolios losses from exercised options on futures may to some extent be reduced or increased by changes in the value of portfolio securities.
The Portfolio may write (i.e., sell) only covered put and call options on futures contracts. The Portfolio is considered covered with respect to a call option it writes on a futures contract if the Portfolio (i) owns a long position in the underlying futures contract; (ii) segregates and maintains with its custodian liquid assets equal in value to the exercise price of the call (less any initial margin deposited); (iii) owns a security or currency which is deliverable under the futures contract; or (iv) owns an option to purchase the security, currency or securities index, which is deliverable under the futures contract or owns a call option to purchase the underlying futures contract, in each case at a price no higher than the exercise price of the call option written by the Portfolio, or if higher, the Portfolio deposits and maintains the differential between the two exercise prices in liquid assets in a segregated account with its custodian. The Portfolio is considered covered with respect to a put option it writes on a futures contract if it (i) segregates and maintains with its custodian liquid assets equal in value to the exercise price of the put (less any initial and variation margin deposited); (ii) owns a put option on the security, currency or securities index which is the subject of the futures contract or owns a put option on the futures contract underlying the option, in each case at an exercise price as high as or higher than the price of the contract held by the Portfolio or, if lower, the Portfolio deposits and maintains the differential between the two exercise prices in liquid assets in a segregated account with its custodian; or (iii) owns a short position in the underlying futures contract.
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The Portfolio may write covered straddles of options on futures. A straddle is a combination of a call and a put written on the same underlying futures contract. A straddle will be covered when sufficient assets are deposited to meet the requirements, as defined in the preceding paragraph. The Portfolio may use the same liquid assets to cover both the call and put options where the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put. In such cases, the Portfolio will also segregate liquid assets equivalent to the amount, if any, by which the put is in the money.
If the Manager wishes to shorten the effective duration of the Portfolio, the Manager may sell a futures contract or a call option thereon, or purchase a put option on that futures contract. If the Manager wishes to lengthen the effective duration of the Portfolio, the Manager may buy a futures contract or a call option thereon, or sell a put option.
Credit Default Swap Agreements
The buyer in a credit default swap contract is obligated to pay the seller a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract in return for a contingent payment upon the occurrence of a credit event with respect to an underlying reference obligation. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, failure to pay, obligation acceleration or restructuring. The Portfolio may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. As a seller, the Portfolio receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between one month and ten years, provided that no credit event occurs. If a credit event occurs, the Portfolio typically must pay the contingent payment to the buyer. The contingent payment will be either (i) the par value (full notional value) of the reference obligation in which case the Portfolio will receive the reference obligation in return, or (ii) an amount equal to the difference between the par value and the current market value of the obligation. The value of the reference obligation received by the Portfolio as a seller if a credit event occurs, coupled with the periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Portfolio. If the Portfolio is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Portfolio will lose its periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer typically receives full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value.
Credit default swaps may involve greater risks than if the Portfolio had invested in the reference obligation directly. Credit default swaps are subject to general market risk, illiquidity risk and credit risk.
The Portfolio may enter into a credit default swap that provides for settlement by physical delivery if, at the time of entering into the swap, such delivery would not result in the Portfolio investing more than 20% of its total assets in securities rated lower than A by S&P, Fitch or Moodys. A subsequent deterioration of the credit quality of the underlying obligation of the credit default swap will not require the Portfolio to dispose of the swap.
Currency Swaps
The Portfolio may enter into currency swaps for hedging purposes in an attempt to protect against adverse changes in exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and other currencies. The Portfolio may also enter into currency swaps for non-hedging purposes as a means of making direct investment in foreign currencies, as described below under Currency Transactions. Currency swaps involve the exchange by the Portfolio with another party of a series of payments in specified currencies. Actual principal amounts of currencies may be exchanged by the counterparties at the initiation and again upon termination of the transaction. Since currency swaps are individually negotiated, the Portfolio expects to achieve an acceptable degree of correlation between its investments and its currency swaps positions. Therefore, the entire principal value of a currency swap is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations. The net amount of excess, if any, of the Portfolios obligations over their entitlements with respect to each currency swap will be accrued on a daily basis and an amount of liquid assets having an aggregate NAV at least equal to the accrued excess will be maintained in a segregated account by the Portfolios custodian. The Portfolio will not enter into any currency swap unless the credit quality of the unsecured senior debt or the claims-paying ability of the other party thereto is rated in the highest short-term rating category of at least one nationally recognized rating organization at the time of entering into the transaction. If the creditworthiness of the Portfolios counterparty declines, the value of the swap agreement will likely decline, potentially resulting in losses. If there is a default by the other party to such a transaction, the Portfolio will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transactions.
Swaps: Interest Rate Transactions
The Portfolio may enter into interest rate swap, cap or floor transactions, which may include preserving a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio or protecting against an increase in the price of securities the Portfolio anticipates purchasing at a later date. Unless there is a counterparty default, the risk of loss to the Portfolio from interest rate transactions is limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Portfolio is contractually obligated to make. If the counterparty to an interest rate transaction defaults, the Portfolio may lose the net amount of interest payments that the Portfolio is contractually entitled to receive. The Portfolio also may invest in interest rate transaction futures.
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Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Portfolio with another party of payments calculated by reference to specified interest rates (e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed rate payments) computed based on a contractually-based principal (or notional) amount.
An option on a swap agreement, also called a swaption, is an option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a future date in exchange for paying a market-based premium. A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. Swaptions also include options that allow an existing swap to be terminated or extended by one of the counterparties.
Interest rate caps and floors are similar to options in that the purchase of an interest rate cap or floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds (in the case of a cap) or falls below (in the case of a floor) a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional amount from the party selling the interest rate cap or floor.
It may be more difficult for the Portfolio to trade or close out interest rate caps and floors in comparison to other types of swaps. Caps and floors do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal. The Portfolio will enter into bilateral swap agreements, including interest rate swap, swaption, cap or floor transactions, only with counterparties who have credit ratings of at least A- (or the equivalent) from any one NRSRO or counterparties with guarantors with debt securities having such a rating. With respect to cleared interest rate swaps, the Manager will monitor the creditworthiness of each of the central clearing counterparty, clearing broker and executing broker, but there are no prescribed NRSRO rating requirements for these entities.
The Portfolio expects to enter into these transactions for a variety of reasons, including for hedging purposes, as a duration management technique or to attempt to exploit mispricings in the bond markets.
Inflation (CPI) Swaps
Inflation swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to pay the cumulative percentage increase in a price index (the Consumer Price Index with respect to CPI swaps) over the term of the swap (with some lag on the inflation index), and the other pays a compounded fixed rate. Inflation swap agreements may be used to protect the NAV of the Portfolio against an unexpected change in the rate of inflation measured by an inflation index since the value of these agreements is expected to increase if unexpected inflation increases.
Total Return Swaps
The Portfolio may enter into total return swaps in order to take a long or short position with respect to an underlying referenced asset. The Portfolio is subject to market price volatility of the underlying referenced asset. A total return swap involves commitments to pay interest in exchange for a market linked return based on a notional amount. To the extent that the total return of the security, group of securities or index underlying the transaction exceeds or falls short of the offsetting interest obligation, the Portfolio will receive a payment from or make a payment to the counterparty.
Variance and Correlation Swaps
The Portfolio may enter into variance or correlation swaps in an attempt to hedge equity market risk or adjust exposure to the equity markets. Variance swaps are contracts in which two parties agree to exchange cash payments based on the difference between the stated level of variance and the actual variance realized on an underlying asset or index. Actual variance as used here is defined as the sum of the square of the returns on the reference asset or index (which in effect is a measure of its volatility) over the length of the contract term. The parties to a variance swap can be said to exchange actual volatility for a contractually stated rate of volatility. Correlation swaps are contracts in which two parties agree to exchange cash payments based on the differences between the stated and the actual correlation realized on the underlying equity securities within a given equity index. Correlation as used here is defined as the weighted average of the correlations between the daily returns of each pair of securities within a given equity index. If two assets are said to be closely correlated, it means that their daily returns vary in similar proportions or along similar trajectories.
Special Risks Associated with Swaps. Risks may arise as a result of the failure of the counterparty to a bilateral swap contract to comply with the terms of the swap contract. The loss incurred by the failure of a counterparty is generally limited to the net interim payment to be received by the Portfolio, and/or the termination value at the end of the contract. Therefore, the Portfolio considers the creditworthiness of the counterparty to a bilateral swap contract. The risk is mitigated by having a netting arrangement between the Portfolio and the counterparty and by the posting of collateral by the counterparty to the Portfolio to cover the Portfolios exposure to the counterparty. Certain standardized swaps, including certain interest rate swaps and credit default swaps, among other types of swaps, are subject to mandatory central clearing and trading on a registered electronic facility. Central clearing is expected, among other things, to reduce counterparty credit risk, but does not eliminate it completely.
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Additionally, risks may arise from unanticipated movements in interest rates or in the value of the underlying securities. The Portfolio accrues for the changes in value on swap contracts on a daily basis, with the net amount recorded within unrealized appreciation/depreciation of swap contracts on the statement of assets and liabilities. Once the interim payments are settled in cash, the net amount is recorded as realized gain/(loss) on swaps on the statement of operations, in addition to any realized gain/(loss) recorded upon the termination of swap contracts. Fluctuations in the value of swap contracts are recorded as a component of net change in unrealized appreciation/ depreciation of swap contracts on the statement of operations.
Eurodollar Instruments
Eurodollar instruments are essentially U.S. Dollar-denominated futures contracts or options thereon that are linked to the London Interbank Offered Rate and are subject to the same limitations and risks as other futures contracts and options.
Structured Products
The Portfolio may invest in structured products. Structured products, including indexed or structured securities, combine the elements of futures contracts or options with those of debt, preferred equity or a depositary instrument. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a structured product is tied (either positively or negatively) to prices, changes in prices, or differences between prices, of underlying assets, such as securities, currencies, intangibles, goods, articles or commodities or by reference to an unrelated benchmark related to an objective index, economic factor or other measure, such as interest rates, currency exchange rates, commodity indices, and securities indices. The interest rate or (unlike most fixed-income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a structured product may be increased or decreased depending on changes in the value of the underlying asset or benchmark.
Structured products may take a variety of forms. Most commonly, they are in the form of debt instruments with interest or principal payments or redemption terms determined by reference to the value of a currency or commodity or securities index at a future point in time, but may also be issued as preferred stock with dividend rates determined by reference to the value of a currency or convertible securities with the conversion terms related to a particular commodity.
Investing in structured products may be more efficient and less expensive for the Portfolio than investing in the underlying assets or benchmarks and the related derivative. These investments can be used as a means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management and increased total return. In addition, structured products may be a tax-advantaged investment in that they generate income that may be distributed to shareholders as income rather than short-term capital gains that may otherwise result from a derivatives transaction.
Structured products, however, have more risk than traditional types of debt or other securities. These products may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a structured product or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a structured product could be zero. Structured products are potentially more volatile and carry greater market risks than traditional debt instruments. The prices of the structured instrument and the benchmark or underlying asset may not move in the same direction or at the same time. Structured products may be more difficult to trade and price than less complex securities or instruments or more traditional debt securities. The risk of these investments can be substantial with the possibility that the entire principal amount is at risk. The purchase of structured products also exposes the Portfolio to the credit risk of the issuer of the structured product.
Structured Notes and Indexed Securities: The Portfolio may invest in a particular type of structured instrument sometimes referred to as a structured note. The terms of these notes may be structured by the issuer and the purchaser of the note. Structured notes are derivative debt instruments, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator (for example, a currency, security, commodity or index thereof). Indexed securities may include structured notes as well as securities other than debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. The terms of structured notes and indexed securities may provide that in certain circumstances no principal is due at maturity, which may result in a total loss of invested capital. Structured notes and indexed securities may be positively or negatively indexed, so that appreciation of the unrelated indicator may produce an increase or a decrease in the interest rate or the value of the structured note or indexed security at maturity may be calculated as a specified multiple of the change in the value of the unrelated indicator. Therefore, the value of such notes and securities may be very volatile. Structured notes and indexed securities may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities because the investor bears the risk of the unrelated indicator. Structured notes or indexed securities also may be more volatile and more difficult to trade and price than less complex securities and instruments or more traditional debt securities.
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Commodity Index-Linked Notes and Commodity-Linked Notes: Structured products may provide exposure to the commodities markets. These structured notes may include leveraged or unleveraged commodity index-linked notes, which are derivative debt instruments with principal and/or coupon payments linked to the performance of commodity indices. They also include commodity-linked notes with principal and/or coupon payments linked to the value of particular commodities or commodities futures contracts, or a subset of commodities and commodities future contracts. The value of these notes will rise or fall in response to changes in the underlying commodity, commodity futures contract, subset of commodities or commodities futures contracts or commodity index.
These notes expose the Portfolio economically to movements in commodity prices. These notes also are subject to risks, such as credit, market and interest rate risks, that in general affect the values of debt securities. In addition, these notes are often leveraged, increasing the volatility of each notes market value relative to changes in the underlying commodity, commodity futures contract or commodity index. Therefore, the Portfolio might receive interest or principal payments on the note that are determined based upon a specified multiple of the change in value of the underlying commodity, commodity futures contract or index.
Credit-Linked Securities: Credit-linked securities are issued by a limited purpose trust or other vehicle that, in turn, invests in a basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and other securities, in order to provide exposure to certain high-yield or other fixed-income markets. For example, the Portfolio may invest in credit-linked securities as a cash management tool in order to gain exposure to certain high-yield markets and/or to remain fully invested when more traditional income producing securities are not available. Like an investment in a bond, investments in credit-linked securities represent the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the security. However, these payments are conditioned on the trusts receipt of payments from, and the trusts potential obligations to, the counterparties to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the trust invests. For instance, the trust may sell one or more credit default swaps, under which the trust would receive a stream of payments over the term of the swap agreements provided that no event of default has occurred with respect to the referenced debt obligation upon which the swap is based. If a default occurs, the stream of payments may stop and the trust would be obligated to pay the counterparty the par value (or other agreed-upon value) of the referenced debt obligation. This, in turn, would reduce the amount of income and principal that the Portfolio would receive as an investor in the trust. The Portfolios investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, and leverage risk and management risk. These securities are generally structured as Rule 144A securities so that they may be freely traded among institutional buyers. However, changes in the market for credit-linked securities or the availability of willing buyers may result in a lack of liquidity for these instruments.
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Portfolio purchases securities or other obligations from a bank, securities dealer (or its affiliate), or other counterparty and simultaneously commits to resell them to the counterparty at an agreed upon date or upon demand at a price reflecting a market rate of interest unrelated to the coupon rate or maturity of the purchased obligations. Normally, custody of the underlying obligations prior to their repurchase is maintained by the Portfolio, either through its regular custodian or through a special tri-party custodian or sub-custodian that maintains separate accounts for both the Portfolio and its counterparty. The obligation of the counterparty to pay the repurchase price on the date agreed to or upon demand is, in effect, secured by such obligations.
The Portfolio may seek additional income by investing in repurchase agreements pertaining only to U.S. government securities.
The Portfolio requires continual maintenance of collateral held by the Funds custodian in an amount equal to, or in excess of, the market value of the securities which are the subject of the agreement. In the event of a counterpartys bankruptcy, the Portfolio might be delayed in, or prevented from, selling the collateral for its benefit. Repurchase agreements may be entered into only with those banks (including State Street Bank and Trust Company, the Funds custodian), broker-dealers or other counterparties that are determined to be creditworthy by the Manager.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The Portfolio may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with banks, broker-dealers and other counterparties from time to time.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve sales by the Portfolio of portfolio assets concurrently with an agreement by the Portfolio to repurchase the same assets at a later date at a fixed price. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Portfolio continues to receive principal and interest payments on these securities. Generally, the effect of such a transaction is that the Portfolio can recover all or most of the cash invested in the portfolio securities involved during the term of the reverse repurchase agreement, while it will be able to keep the interest income associated with those portfolio securities. Such transactions are advantageous only if the interest cost to the Portfolio of the reverse repurchase transaction is less than the cost of otherwise obtaining the cash.
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Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be a loan to the Portfolio by the counterparty, collateralized by the assets subject to repurchase because the incidents of ownership are retained by the Portfolio. By entering into reverse repurchase agreements, the Portfolio obtains additional cash to invest in other securities. The Portfolio may use reverse repurchase agreements for borrowing purposes if it believes that the cost of this form of borrowing will be lower than the cost of bank borrowing. Reverse repurchase agreements create leverage and are speculative transactions because they allow the Portfolio to achieve a return on a larger capital base relative to its NAV. The use of leverage creates the opportunity for increased income for the Portfolios shareholders when the Portfolio achieves a higher rate of return on the investment of the reverse repurchase agreement proceeds than it pays in interest on the reverse repurchase transactions. However, there is the risk that returns could be reduced if the rates of interest on the investment proceeds do not exceed the interest paid by the Portfolio on the reverse repurchase transactions. Borrowings through reverse repurchase agreements are not subject to the requirement applicable to bank borrowings under Section 18(f)(1) of the 1940 Act to maintain an asset coverage of at least 300% but are subject to an equivalent requirement to maintain asset coverage by segregating assets in a segregated account equal in value to proceeds received in the reverse repurchase agreement.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities the Portfolio is obligated to repurchase under the agreement may decline below the repurchase price. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Portfolios use of the proceeds of the agreement may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Portfolios obligation to repurchase the securities.
Currency Transactions
The Portfolio may invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies and a corresponding portion of the Portfolios revenues will be received in such currencies. In addition, the Portfolio may conduct foreign currency transactions for hedging and non-hedging purposes on a spot (i.e., cash) basis or through the use of derivatives transactions, such as forward currency exchange contracts, currency futures and options thereon, swaps and options on currencies as described above. The Manager may enter into foreign currency transactions for investment opportunities when it anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value but securities denominated in that currency are not held by the Portfolio and do not present attractive investment opportunities. Such transactions may also be used when the Manager believes that it may be more efficient than a direct investment in a foreign currency-denominated security. The U.S. Dollar equivalent of the Portfolios net assets and distributions will be adversely affected by reductions in the value of certain foreign currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar. Such changes will also affect the Portfolios income. The Portfolio will, however, have the ability to attempt to protect itself against adverse changes in the values of foreign currencies by engaging in certain of the investment practices listed above. While the Portfolio has this ability, there is no certainty as to whether and to what extent the Portfolio will engage in these practices.
Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time causing, along with other factors, the Portfolios NAV to fluctuate. Currency exchange rates generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets and the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates and other complex factors, as seen from an international perspective. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by the intervention of U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or the failure to intervene, or by currency controls or political developments in the United States or abroad. To the extent the Portfolios total assets, adjusted to reflect the Portfolios net position after giving effect to currency transactions, is denominated or quoted in the currencies of foreign countries, the Portfolio will be more susceptible to the risk of adverse economic and political developments within those countries.
The Portfolio will incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. The Portfolio may hold foreign currency received in connection with investments when, in the judgment of the Manager, it would be beneficial to convert such currency into U.S. Dollars at a later date, based on anticipated changes in the relevant exchange rate. If the value of the foreign currencies in which the Portfolio receives its income falls relative to the U.S. Dollar between receipt of the income and the making of Portfolio distributions, the Portfolio may be required to liquidate securities in order to make distributions if the Portfolio has insufficient cash in U.S. Dollars to meet the distribution requirements that the Portfolio must satisfy to qualify as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes. Similarly, if the value of a particular foreign currency declines between the time the Portfolio incurs expenses in U.S. Dollars and the time cash expenses are paid, the amount of the currency required to be converted into U.S. Dollars in order to pay expenses in U.S. Dollars could be greater than the equivalent amount of such expenses in the currency at the time they were incurred. In light of these risks, the Portfolio may engage in certain currency hedging transactions, which themselves involve certain special risks.
At the maturity of a forward contract, the Portfolio may either sell the portfolio security and make delivery of the foreign currency, or it may retain the security and terminate its contractual obligation to deliver the foreign currency by purchasing an offsetting contract obligating it to purchase, on the same maturity date, the same amount of the foreign currency. Alternatively, the Portfolio may enter into a forward contract which provides for settlement by one party making a single one-way payment to the other party in the amount of the difference between the contracted forward rate and the current spot reference rate. The currency used for settlement may be one of the transaction currencies or a base currency, such as U.S. Dollars.
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It is impossible to forecast with absolute precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration of the forward contract. Accordingly, it may be necessary for the Portfolio to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such purchase) if the market value of the security is less than the amount of foreign currency the Portfolio is obligated to deliver and if a decision is made to sell the security and make delivery of the foreign currency. Conversely, it may be necessary to sell on the spot market some of the foreign currency received upon the sale of the portfolio security if its market value exceeds the amount of foreign currency the Portfolio is obligated to deliver.
If the Portfolio retains the portfolio security and engages in an offsetting transaction, the Portfolio will incur a gain or a loss (as described below) to the extent that there has been movement in forward contract prices. If the Portfolio engages in an offsetting transaction, it may subsequently enter into a new forward contract to sell the foreign currency. Should forward prices decline during the period between the Portfolios entering into a forward contract for the sale of a foreign currency and the date it enters into an offsetting contract for the purchase of the foreign security, the Portfolio will realize a gain to the extent the price at which it has agreed to sell exceeds the price at which it has agreed to purchase. Should forward prices increase, the Portfolio will suffer a loss to the extent of the price of the currency it has agreed to purchase exceeds the price of the currency it has agreed to sell.
The Portfolio reserves the right to enter into forward foreign currency contracts for different purposes and under different circumstances than those described above. Of course, the Portfolio is not required to enter into forward contracts with regard to their foreign currency-denominated securities and will not do so unless deemed appropriate by the Manager. It also should be realized that this method of hedging against a decline in the value of a currency does not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities. It simply establishes a rate of exchange at a future date. Additionally, although such contracts tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, at the same time, they tend to limit any potential gain which might result from an increase in the value of that currency.
The Portfolio does not intend to convert any holdings of foreign currencies into U.S. Dollars on a daily basis. The Portfolio may do so from time to time, and investors should be aware of the costs of currency conversion. Although foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference (the spread) between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to the Portfolio at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Portfolio desire to resell that currency to the dealer.
There is no assurance that a forward contract counterparty will be able to meet its obligations under the forward contract or that, in the event of default by the counterparty the Portfolio will succeed in pursuing contractual remedies. The Portfolio assumes the risk that it may be delayed in or prevented from obtaining payments owed to it pursuant to the contractual agreements entered into in connection with a forward contract.
Dollar Rolls
The Portfolio may enter into dollar rolls. Dollar rolls involve sales by the Portfolio of securities for delivery in the current month and the Portfolios simultaneously contracting to repurchase substantially similar (same type and coupon) securities on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Portfolio forgoes principal and interest paid on the securities. The Portfolio is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the drop) as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale. The Portfolio may also enter into a type of dollar roll known as a fee roll. In a fee roll, the Portfolio is compensated for entering into the fee roll by fee income, which is received when the Portfolio enters into the commitment. Such fee income is recorded as deferred income and accrued by the Portfolio over the roll period. Dollar rolls may be considered to be borrowings by the Portfolio. Dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities the Portfolio is obligated to repurchase under the agreement may decline below the repurchase price.
When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments
The Portfolio may purchase securities offered on a when-issued basis and may purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis. When such transactions are negotiated, the price, which is generally expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. Normally, the settlement date occurs within two months after the transaction, but delayed settlements beyond two months may be negotiated. During the period between a commitment by the Portfolio and settlement, no payment is made for the securities purchased by the purchaser, and, thus, no interest accrues to the purchaser from the transaction. The use of when-issued transactions and forward commitments enables the Portfolio to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. For instance, in periods of rising interest rates and falling bond prices, the Portfolio might sell securities which it owned on a forward commitment basis to limit its exposure to falling bond prices. In
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periods of falling interest rates and rising bond prices, the Portfolio might sell a security held by the Portfolio and purchase the same or a similar security on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, thereby obtaining the benefit of currently higher cash yields. However, if the Manager were to forecast incorrectly the direction of interest rate movements, the Portfolio might be required to complete such when-issued or forward transactions at prices less favorable than the current market value.
When-issued securities and forward commitments may be sold prior to the settlement date, but the Portfolio enters into when-issued and forward commitment transactions only with the intention of actually receiving or delivering the securities, as the case may be. At the time the Portfolio makes the commitment to purchase or sell a municipal security on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, it records the transaction and reflects the value of the security purchased or, if a sale, the proceeds to be received, in determining its NAV. To facilitate these transactions, the Funds custodian bank will maintain, in a separate account of the Fund, liquid assets having value equal to, or greater than, any commitments to purchase municipal securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis and, with respect to forward commitments to sell portfolio securities of the Portfolio, the portfolio securities themselves. If the Portfolio, however, chooses to dispose of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition or dispose of its right to deliver or receive against a forward commitment, it can incur a gain or loss. When-issued municipal securities may include bonds purchased on a when, as and if issued basis under which the issuance of the securities depends upon the occurrence of a subsequent event, such as approval of a proposed financing by appropriate municipal authorities.
If the Portfolio is fully or almost fully invested with when-issued or forward commitment transactions, the transactions may result in a form of leveraging. Leveraging the Portfolio in this manner may increase the volatility of the Portfolios NAV.
Forward commitments include to be announced (TBA) mortgage-backed securities, which are contracts for the purchase or sale of mortgage-backed securities to be delivered at a future agreed-upon date, whereby the specific mortgage pool numbers or the number of pools that will be delivered to fulfill the trade obligation or terms of the contract are unknown at the time of the trade. Subsequent to the time of the trade, a mortgage pool or pools guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA, or FHLMC (including fixed rate or variable rate mortgages) are allocated to the TBA mortgage-backed securities transactions.
At the time the Portfolio intends to enter into a forward commitment, it will record the transaction and thereafter reflect the value of the security purchased or, if a sale, the proceeds to be received, in determining its NAV. Any unrealized appreciation or depreciation reflected in such valuation of a when, as and if issued security would be canceled in the event that the required conditions did not occur and the trade was canceled.
Purchases of securities on a forward commitment or when-issued basis may involve more risk than other types of purchases. For example, by committing to purchase securities in the future, the Portfolio subjects itself to a risk of loss on such commitments as well as on its portfolio securities. Also, the Portfolio may have to sell assets which have been set aside in order to meet redemptions. In addition, if the Portfolio determines it is advisable as a matter of investment strategy to sell the forward commitment or when-issued or delayed delivery securities before delivery, the Portfolio may incur a gain or loss because of market fluctuations since the time the commitment to purchase such securities was made. Any such gain or loss would be treated as a capital gain or loss for tax purposes. When the time comes to pay for the securities to be purchased under a forward commitment or on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, the Portfolio will meet its obligations from the then available cash flow or the sale of securities, or, although it would not normally expect to do so, from the sale of the forward commitment or when-issued or delayed delivery securities themselves (which may have a value greater or less than the Portfolios payment obligation). No interest or dividends accrue to the purchaser prior to the settlement date for securities purchased or sold under a forward commitment. In addition, in the event the other party to the transaction files for bankruptcy, becomes insolvent, or defaults on its obligation, the Portfolio may be adversely affected.
Securities Ratings
The ratings of fixed-income securities by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations including S&P, Moodys, Fitch, and A.M. Best Company are a generally accepted barometer of credit risk. They are, however, subject to certain limitations from an investors standpoint. The rating of an issuer is heavily weighted by past developments and does not necessarily reflect probable future conditions. There is frequently a lag between the time a rating is assigned and the time it is updated. In addition, there may be varying degrees of difference in credit risk of securities within each rating category. See Appendix A for a description of S&P, Moodys and Fitch ratings.
Unless otherwise indicated, references to securities ratings by one rating agency in this SAI shall include the equivalent rating by another rating agency.
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Special Risk Considerations for Lower-Rated Securities
Securities rated Ba by Moodys or BB by S&P or Fitch are considered to have speculative characteristics. Sustained periods of deteriorating economic conditions or rising interest rates are more likely to lead to a weakening in the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal than in the case of higher-rated securities. Securities rated below investment grade, i.e., Ba or BB and lower (lower-rated securities), are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher-rated securities and are considered to be predominately speculative with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal, which may in any case decline during sustained periods of deteriorating economic conditions or rising interest rates. They are also generally considered to be subject to greater market risk than higher-rated securities in times of deteriorating economic conditions. In addition, lower-rated securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities.
The market for lower-rated securities may be thinner and less active than that for higher-quality securities, which can adversely affect the prices at which these securities can be sold. To the extent that there is no established secondary market for lower-rated securities, the Portfolio may experience difficulty in valuing such securities and, in turn, the Portfolios assets. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions about lower-rated securities, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may tend to decrease the market value and liquidity of such lower-rated securities.
The Manager will try to reduce the risk of investment in lower-rated securities through credit analysis, attention to current developments and trends in interest rates and economic conditions. However, there can be no assurance that losses will not occur. Since the risk of default is higher for lower-quality securities, the Managers research and credit analysis are a correspondingly important aspect of its program for managing the Portfolios securities. In considering investments for the Portfolio, the Manager will attempt to identify those high-risk, high-yield securities whose financial condition is adequate to meet future obligations, has improved or is expected to improve in the future. The Managers analysis focuses on relative values based on such factors as interest coverage, financial prospects, and the strength of the issuer.
Non-rated fixed-income securities will also be considered for investment by the Portfolio when the Manager believes that the financial condition of the issuers of such obligations and the protection afforded by the terms of the obligations themselves limit the risk to the Portfolio to a degree comparable to that of rated securities which are consistent with the Portfolios objective and policies.
In seeking to achieve the Portfolios objective, there will be times, such as during periods of rising interest rates, when depreciation and realization of capital losses on securities in the portfolio will be unavoidable. Moreover, medium-and lower-rated securities and non-rated securities of comparable quality may be subject to wider fluctuations in yield and market values than higher-rated securities under certain market conditions. Such fluctuations after a security is acquired do not affect the cash income received from that security but are reflected in the NAV of the Portfolio.
Lending Portfolio Securities
The Portfolio may lend Portfolio securities. The Portfolio may lend up to 30% of its total assets (including collateral for any security loaned). Loans may be made to qualified broker-dealers, banks or other financial institutions, provided that cash, liquid high-grade debt securities or bank letters of credit equal to at least 100% of the market value of the securities loaned are deposited and maintained by the borrower with the Portfolio. A principal risk in lending Portfolio securities, as with other collateral extensions of credit, consists of possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. In addition, the Portfolio will be exposed to the risk that the sale of any collateral realized upon a borrowers default will not yield proceeds sufficient to replace the loaned securities. In determining whether to lend securities to a particular borrower, the Manager will consider all relevant facts and circumstances, including the creditworthiness of the borrower. While securities are on loan, the borrower will pay the Portfolio any income earned from the securities. The Portfolio may invest any cash collateral directly or indirectly in short-term, high-quality debt instruments and earn additional income or receive an agreed-upon amount of income from a borrower who has delivered equivalent collateral. Any such investment of cash collateral will be subject to the Portfolios investment risks. The Portfolio will have the right to regain record ownership of loaned securities to exercise beneficial rights such as voting rights, subscription rights and rights to dividends, interest or distributions. The Portfolio may pay reasonable finders, administrative, and custodial fees in connection with a loan.
The Portfolio did not engage in securities lending during its most recent fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, and therefore had no income and fees/compensation related to their securities lending activities.
Event-Linked Securities
Event-linked securities are variable rate or fixed-rate fixed income securities or types of equity securities for which the return of principal and payment of interest are contingent on the non-occurrence of various catastrophe exposures, which may be specific trigger events or a diversified group of events, such as hurricanes, typhoons, wind events or earthquakes. The most common type of
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event-linked fixed-income securities are known as catastrophe or CAT bonds. In some cases, the trigger event(s) will not be deemed to have occurred unless the event(s) happened in a particular geographic area and was of a certain magnitude (based on independent scientific readings) or caused a certain amount of actual or modeled loss. If the trigger event(s) occurs prior to the securities maturity, the Portfolio may lose all or a portion of its principal and forgo additional interest.
These securities may have a special condition that states that if the issuer (i.e., an insurance or reinsurance company) suffers a loss from a particular pre-defined catastrophe, then the issuers obligation to pay interest and/or repay the principal is either deferred or completely forgiven. For example, if the Portfolio holds an event-linked security that covers an insurers losses due to a hurricane with a trigger at $1 billion and a hurricane hits causing $1 billion or more in losses to such insurer, then the Portfolio will lose all or a portion of its principal invested in the security and forgo any future interest payments. If the trigger event(s) does not occur, the Portfolio will be entitled to recover its principal plus interest. Interest typically accrues and is paid on a quarterly basis. Although principal typically is repaid only on the maturity date, it may be repaid in installments, depending on the terms of the securities.
Event-linked securities may be issued by government agencies, insurance companies, reinsurers, special purpose companies or other on-shore or off-shore entities. Event-linked securities are a relatively new type of financial instrument. As a result, there is no significant trading history of these securities and these securities may be more difficult to trade or dispose of than other types of securities or the markets for these instruments may not be liquid at all times. These securities may be rated, generally below investment grade or the unrated equivalent, and have the same or equivalent risks as higher yield debt securities (junk bonds). The rating primarily reflects the rating agencys calculated probability that a pre-defined trigger event will occur as well as the overall expected loss to the principal of the security.
Investments in Pre-IPO Securities
The Portfolio may invest in pre-IPO (initial public offering) securities. Pre-IPO securities, or venture capital investments, are investments in new and early stage companies, often funded by venture capital and referred to as venture capital companies, whose securities are not publicly traded. These investments may present significant opportunities for capital appreciation but involve a high degree of risk that may result in significant decreases in the value of these investments. Venture capital companies may not have established products, experienced management or earnings history. The Portfolio may not be able to sell such investments when the portfolio managers and/or investment personnel deem it appropriate to do so because they are not publicly traded and may be subject to substantial restrictions on resale. As such, these investments are generally considered to lack liquidity until a companys public offering and are often subject to additional contractual restrictions on resale that may, following the public offering, prevent the Portfolio from selling its shares of these companies for a period of time. Market conditions, developments within a company, investor perception or regulatory decisions may adversely affect a venture capital company and delay or prevent a venture capital company from ultimately offering its securities to the public.
Illiquid Securities
The Portfolio must limit its investments in illiquid securities to 15% of its net assets. Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act (the Liquidity Rule) defines the term illiquid securities for this purpose to mean securities or investments that the Portfolio reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment.
If the Portfolio invests in illiquid securities, the Portfolio may not be able to sell such securities and may not be able to realize their full value upon sale. Restricted securities (securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale) may be illiquid. Some restricted securities (such as securities issued pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 (Rule 144A Securities) or certain commercial paper) may be more difficult to trade or dispose of than other types of securities.
As required by the Liquidity Rule, the Fund has implemented the initial portions of the Portfolios liquidity risk management program (the Liquidity Program) and the Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors (as defined below), have appointed an administrator of the Liquidity Program. The implementation of the remaining portion of the Liquidity Program, including classifying each investment as a highly liquid investment, moderately liquid investment, less liquid investment or illiquid investment, is scheduled to become effective on June 1, 2019.
DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
The following table lists the directors and executive officers of the SCB Fund, their business addresses and their principal occupations during the past five years.
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| NAME, ADDRESS,* YEAR OF BIRTH, (YEAR ELECTED**) |
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS AND OTHER INFORMATION |
NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS IN THE FUND COMPLEX OVERSEEN BY THE DIRECTOR |
OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD BY THE DIRECTOR DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS | |||
| INTERESTED DIRECTOR*** | ||||||
| Kathleen Fisher**** c/o AllianceBernstein L.P. 1345 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10105 1954 (Since 2017) |
Senior Vice President of the Manager with which she has been associated since prior to 2014. She is the Head of Wealth and Investment Strategies of the Managers Bernstein Private Wealth Management unit since 2014, leading the team responsible for developing and communicating asset allocation advice and investment strategies for Bernsteins high-net-worth clients. Since 2013, Ms. Fisher has overseen research on investment planning and wealth transfer issues facing high-net-worth families, endowments and foundations. She has been a National Managing Director of Bernstein since 2009. She joined AB in 2001 as a Senior Portfolio Manager. Prior to joining AB, she spent 15 years at J.P. Morgan, most recently as a managing director advising banks on acquisitions, divestitures and financing techniques. Prior thereto, she held positions at both Morgan Stanley and at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. | 19 | Southwestern Vermont Health Care; and HildeneThe Lincoln Family Home | |||
| INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS*** |
||||||
| Debra Perry#^ Chair of the Board 1951 (Since 2011) |
Formerly, Senior Managing Director of Global Ratings and Research, Moodys Investors Service, Inc. from 2001 to 2004; Chief Administrative Officer, Moodys, from 1999 to 2001; Chief Credit Officer, Moodys, from 2000 to 2001; Group Managing Director for the Finance, Securities and Insurance Ratings Groups, Moodys Corp., from 1996 to 1999; Earlier she held executive positions with First Boston Corporation and Chemical Bank. | 19 | Assurant, Inc., since 2017; Genworth Financial, Inc. since 2016; Korn/Ferry International from 2008-present; PartnerRe, from 2013-2016; Bank of America Funds Series Trust, from 2011-2016. | |||
| Bart Friedman# 1944 (Since 2005) |
Senior Counsel at Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP (law firm) since January 2017 and Senior Partner thereof since prior to 2014. | 19 | Chair of the Audit Committee of The Brookings Institution; Chair of the Audit and Compensation Committees of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts; and Ovid Therapeutics, Inc. | |||
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| NAME, ADDRESS,* YEAR OF BIRTH, (YEAR ELECTED**) |
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS AND OTHER INFORMATION |
NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS IN THE FUND COMPLEX OVERSEEN BY THE DIRECTOR |
OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD BY THE DIRECTOR DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS | |||
| R. Jay Gerken# 1951 (Since 2013) |
Formerly, President and Chief Executive Officer of Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC, and President & Board Member of The Legg Mason and Western Asset mutual funds from 2005 until June 2013. Previously, he was the President and Chair of the funds boards of the Citigroup Asset Management mutual funds from 2002 to 2005; Portfolio Manager and Managing Director, Smith Barney Asset Management from 1993 to 2001 and President & CEO, Directions Management of Shearson Lehman, Inc. from 1988 to 1993. | 19 | Cedar Lawn Corporation; Trustee of the New Jersey Chapter of The Nature Conservancy; Trustee of the United Methodist Foundation of New Jersey; and Associated Banc-Corp | |||
| William Kristol# 1952 (Since 1994) |
Founder and editor, The Weekly Standard from 1995 until 2018. He is a regular contributor on leading political commentary shows. In 2019 he will serve as the inaugural Vann Professor of Ethics in Society at Davidson College. | 19 | Manhattan Institute; John M. Ashbrook Center for Public Affairs at Ashland University; The Salvatori Center at Claremont McKenna College; The Institute for the Study of War; The Foundation for Constitutional Government; and Defending Democracy Together, a non-profit educational corporation | |||
| Donald K. Peterson# 1949 (Since 2007) |
Formerly, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Avaya Inc. from 2002 to 2006; President and Chief Executive Officer, Avaya Inc. from 2000 to 2001; President, Enterprise Systems Group in 2000; Chief Financial Officer, Lucent Technologies (telecommunications equipment and services) from 1996 to 2000; Chief Financial Officer, AT&T, Communications Services Group from 1995 to 1996; President, Nortel Communications Systems, Inc. from 1994 to 1995; Prior thereto he was at Nortel (telecommunications and networking equipment) from 1976 to 1995. | 19 | Worcester Polytechnic Institute (Emeritus); Member of the Board of TIAA; and Member of the Board of TIAA-Bank, FSB | |||
| * | The address for each of the Funds Independent Directors is c/o AllianceBernstein L.P., Attn: Legal and Compliance Dept., Mutual Fund Legal, 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105. |
| ** | There is no stated term of office for the Funds Directors. |
| *** | Directors who are not interested persons of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act, are referred to as Independent Directors, and Directors who are interested persons of the Fund are referred to as Interested Directors. |
| **** | Ms. Fisher is an interested person, as defined in the 1940 Act, because of her affiliation with the Manager. |
| # | Member of the Funds Audit Committee and Independent Directors Committee and member of the Funds Nominating, Governance and Compensation Committee (the Governance Committee). |
| ^ | Member of the Funds Fair Value Pricing Committee (the Pricing Committee). |
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The business affairs of the Fund are managed under the oversight of the Board. Directors who are not interested persons of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act, are referred to as Independent Directors, and Directors who are interested persons of the Fund are referred to as Interested Directors. Certain information concerning the Funds governance structure and each Director is set forth below.
Experience, Skills, Attributes, and Qualifications of the Funds Directors. The Funds Governance Committee, which is composed of Independent Directors, reviews the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of potential candidates for nomination or election by the Board, and conducts a similar review in connection with the proposed nomination of current Directors for re-election by stockholders at an annual or special meeting of stockholders. In evaluating a candidate for nomination or election as a Director, the Governance Committee takes into account the contribution that the candidate would be expected to make to the diverse mix of experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that the Governance Committee believes contributes to good governance for the Fund. Additional information concerning the Governance Committees consideration of Directors appears in the description of the Committee below.
The Board believes that, collectively, the Directors have balanced and diverse experience, qualifications, attributes, and skills, which allow the Board to operate effectively in governing the Fund and protecting the interests of stockholders. The Board has concluded that, based on each Directors experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Directors, each Director is qualified to serve as such.
In determining that a particular Director was qualified to serve as a Director, the Board considered a variety of criteria, none of which, in isolation, was controlling. In addition, the Board has taken into account the actual service and commitment of each Director during his or her tenure (including the Directors commitment and participation in Board and committee meetings, as well as his or her current and prior leadership of standing committees) in concluding that each should serve as Director. Additional information about the specific experience, skills, attributes and qualifications of each Director, which in each case led to the Boards conclusion that each Director should serve as a Director of the Fund, is provided in the table above and in the next paragraph.
Among other attributes and qualifications common to all Directors are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them (including information requested by the Directors), to interact effectively with the Manager, other service providers, counsel and the Funds independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties as Directors. While the Board does not have a formal, written diversity policy, the Board believes that an effective board consists of a diverse group of individuals who bring together a variety of complementary skills and perspectives. In addition to his or her service as a Director of the Fund: Ms. Fisher has business, finance and investment management experience as Head of Wealth and Investment Strategies of Bernstein Private Wealth Management of AllianceBernstein L.P. (Bernstein); Mr. Friedman has a legal background and experience as a board member of various organizations; Mr. Gerken has investment management experience as a portfolio manager and executive officer, and experience as a board member; Mr. Kristol has a public and economic policy background and experience as a board member of various organizations; Ms. Perry has business and financial experience as a senior executive of various financial services firms focusing on fixed income research and capital markets and experience as a board member of various organizations; and Mr. Peterson has business and finance experience as an executive officer of public companies and experience as a board member of various organizations. The disclosure herein of a Directors experience, qualifications, attributes and skills does not impose on such Director any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations and liability imposed on such Director as a member of the Board and any committee thereof in the absence of such experience, qualifications, attributes and skills.
Board Structure and Oversight Function. The Board is responsible for oversight of the Fund. The Fund has engaged the Manager to manage the Portfolio on a day-to-day basis. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Manager and the Funds other service providers in the operations of the Portfolio in accordance with the Portfolios investment objectives and policies and otherwise in accordance with the Prospectus, the requirements of the 1940 Act, and other applicable Federal, state and other securities and other laws, and the Funds charter and bylaws. The Board meets in-person at regularly scheduled meetings five times throughout the year. In addition, the Directors may meet in-person or by telephone at special meetings or on an informal basis at other times. The Independent Directors also regularly meet without the presence of any representatives of management. As described below, the Board has established four standing committeesthe Audit Committee, the Governance Committee, the Pricing Committee and the Independent Directors Committeeand may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time, to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. Each committee is composed exclusively of Independent Directors. The responsibilities of each committee, including its oversight responsibilities, are described further below. The Independent Directors have also engaged independent legal counsel, and may from time to time engage consultants and other advisors, to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.
An Independent Director serves as Chairman of the Board. The Chairmans duties include setting the agenda for the Board meeting in consultation with management, presiding at the Board meeting, communicating with management between Board
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meetings, and facilitating communication and coordination between the Independent Directors and management. The Directors have determined that the Boards leadership by an Independent Director and its committees composed exclusively of Independent Directors is appropriate because they believe it sets the proper tone to the relationships between the Fund, on the one hand, and the Manager and other service providers, on the other, and facilitates the exercise of the Boards independent judgment in evaluating and managing the relationships. In addition, the Fund is required to have an Independent Director as Chairman pursuant to certain 2003 regulatory settlements involving the Manager.
Risk Oversight. The Portfolio is subject to a number of risks, including investment, compliance and operational risks. Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Portfolio resides with the Manager or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to oversight by the Manager. The Board has charged the Manager and its affiliates with (i) identifying events or circumstances, the occurrence of which could have demonstrable and material adverse effects on the Portfolio; (ii) to the extent appropriate, reasonable or practicable, implementing processes and controls reasonably designed to lessen the possibility that such events or circumstances occur or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur; and (iii) creating and maintaining a system designed to evaluate continuously, and to revise as appropriate, the processes and controls described in (i) and (ii) above.
Risk oversight forms part of the Boards general oversight of the Portfolios investment program and operations and is addressed as part of various regular Board and committee activities. The Portfolios investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Manager and other service providers. Each of these entities has an independent interest in risk management but the policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from the Portfolios and each others in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. Oversight of risk management is provided by the Board and the Audit Committee. The Directors regularly receive reports from, among others, management (including the Global Heads of Investment Risk and Trading Risk of the Manager and representatives of various internal committees of the Manager), the Funds Chief Compliance Officer, the Funds independent registered public accounting firm, the Managers internal legal counsel, and internal auditors for the Manager, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by the Portfolio and the Managers risk management programs. In addition, the Directors receive regular updates on cyber-security matters.
Not all risks that may affect the Portfolio can be identified, nor can controls be developed to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. It may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, the processes and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness, and some risks are simply beyond the reasonable control of the Fund or the Manager, its affiliates or other service providers. Moreover, it is necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Funds goals. Because most of the Portfolios operations are carried out by various service providers, the Boards oversight of the risk management procedures of these service providers, including processes to address cyber security and other operational issues, is inherently limited. As a result of the foregoing and other factors the Portfolios ability to manage risk is subject to substantial limitations.
Board Committees: The Board has four standing committees of the Board an Audit Committee, a Governance Committee, a Pricing Committee and an Independent Directors Committee. The members of the Audit Committee, the Governance Committee, the Pricing Committee and the Independent Directors Committee are identified above.
The function of the Audit Committee is to assist the Board in its oversight of the Funds financial reporting process. The Audit Committee met three times during the Funds most recently completed fiscal year.
The functions of the Governance Committee are to nominate persons to fill any vacancies or newly created positions on the Board, to monitor and evaluate industry and legal developments with respect to governance matters and to review and make recommendations to the Board regarding the compensation of Directors and the Chief Compliance Officer. The Governance Committee met five times during the Funds most recently completed fiscal year, four of which were in conjunction with Board meetings.
The Governance Committee has a charter and, pursuant to the charter, the Governance Committee will consider candidates for nomination as a director submitted by a shareholder or group of shareholders who have beneficially owned at least 5% of the Funds common stock or shares of beneficial interest for at least two years prior to the time of submission and who timely provide specified information about the candidates and the nominating shareholder or group. To be timely for consideration by the Nominating, Governance and Compensation Committee, the submission, including all required information, must be submitted in writing to the attention of the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Fund not less than 120 days before the date of the proxy statement for the previous years annual meeting of shareholders. If the Fund did not hold any annual meeting of shareholders in the previous year, the submission must be delivered or mailed and received within a reasonable amount of time before the Fund begins to print and mail its proxy materials. Public notice of an upcoming annual meeting of shareholders may be given in a shareholder report or other mailing to shareholders or by other means deemed by the Governance Committee or the Board to be reasonably calculated to inform shareholders.
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Shareholders submitting a candidate for consideration by a Governance Committee must provide the following information to the Governance Committee: (i) a statement in writing setting forth (A) the name, date of birth, business address and residence address of the candidate; (B) any position or business relationship of the candidate, currently or within the preceding five years, with the shareholder or an associated person of the shareholder as defined below; (C) the class or series and number of all shares of the Fund owned of record or beneficially by the candidate; (D) any other information regarding the candidate that is required to be disclosed about a nominee in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies for election of Directors pursuant to Section 20 of the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; (E) whether the shareholder believes that the candidate is or will be an interested person of the Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act) and, if believed not to be an interested person, information regarding the candidate that will be sufficient for the Fund to make such determination; and (F) information as to the candidates knowledge of the investment company industry, experience as a director or senior officer of public companies, directorships on the boards of other registered investment companies and educational background; (ii) the written and signed consent of the candidate to be named as a nominee and to serve as a Director if elected; (iii) the written and signed agreement of the candidate to complete a directors and officers questionnaire if elected; (iv) the shareholders consent to be named as such by the Fund; (v) the class or series and number of all shares of the Fund owned beneficially and of record by the shareholder and any associated person of the shareholder and the dates on which such shares were acquired, specifying the number of shares owned beneficially but not of record by each, and stating the names of each as they appear on the Funds record books and the names of any nominee holders for each; and (vi) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the shareholder, the candidate and/or any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the recommendation is being made by the shareholder. Associated Person of the shareholder means any person who is required to be identified under clause (vi) of this paragraph and any other person controlling, controlled by or under common control with, directly or indirectly, (a) the shareholder or (b) the associated person of the shareholder.
The Governance Committee may require the shareholder to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require or deem necessary to verify any information furnished pursuant to the nominating procedures described above or to determine the qualifications and eligibility of the candidate proposed by the shareholder to serve on the Board. If the shareholder fails to provide such other information in writing within seven days of receipt of written request from the Governance Committee, the recommendation of such candidate as a nominee will be deemed not properly submitted for consideration, and will not be considered, by the Governance Committee.
The Governance Committee will consider only one candidate submitted by such a shareholder or group for nomination for election at an annual meeting of shareholders. The Governance Committee will not consider self-nominated candidates. The Governance Committee will consider and evaluate candidates submitted by shareholders on the basis of the same criteria as those used to consider and evaluate candidates submitted from other sources. These criteria include the candidates relevant knowledge, experience, and expertise, the candidates ability to carry out his or her duties in the best interests of the Fund, the candidates ability to qualify as an Independent Director. When assessing a candidate for nomination, the Governance Committee considers whether the individuals background, skills, and experience will complement the background, skills, and experience of other nominees and will contribute to the diversity of the Board.
The function of the Pricing Committee is to consider, in advance if possible, any fair valuation decision of the Managers Valuation Committee relating to a security held by the Fund made under unique or highly unusual circumstances not previously addressed by the Valuation Committee that would result in a change in the Funds NAV by more than $0.01 per share. The Pricing Committee did not meet during the Funds most recently completed fiscal year.
The function of the Independent Directors Committee is to consider and take action on matters that the Board or Committee believes should be addressed in executive session of the Independent Directors, such as review of the Advisory and Distribution Services Agreements. The Independent Directors Committee met seven times during the Funds most recently completed fiscal year, four of which were in conjunction with Board meetings.
Meetings of the Governance Committee and the Independent Directors Committee may take place during executive sessions of Board meetings and may not be formally designated as Committee meetings.
Share Ownership and Compensation
The following table sets forth the dollar range of equity securities in the Portfolio beneficially owned by a Director, and on an aggregate basis, in all registered investment companies in the AB Fund Complex (as defined in MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND Manager below) owned by each Director, if any, as of December 31, 2018.
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| Name |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Intermediate Duration Portfolio |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Director in AB Fund Complex |
||||||
| Interested Director: |
||||||||
| Kathleen Fisher |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||||
| Independent Directors: |
||||||||
| Bart Friedman |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||||
| R. Jay Gerken |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||||
| William Kristol |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||||
| Debra Perry |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||||
| Donald K. Peterson |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||||
As of April 2, 2019, no Independent Director, nor any of their immediate family members, owned beneficially or of record any class of securities in the Manager or the Funds distributor or a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with (within the meaning of the 1940 Act) the Manager or the Funds distributor.
As of April 2, 2019, the Directors and officers of the Fund, as a group, owned less than one percent of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio.
The Fund does not pay any fees to, or reimburse expenses of, its Directors who are considered interested persons of the Fund. The aggregate compensation paid to each of the Directors during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 by the Fund, the aggregate compensation paid to each of the Directors during the calendar year ended December 31, 2018 by the AB Fund Complex and the total number of registered investment companies (and separate investment portfolios within those companies) in the AB Fund Complex with respect to which each of the Directors serves as a director or trustee, are set forth below. Neither Fund nor any other fund in the AB Fund Complex provides compensation in the form of pension or retirement benefits to any of its directors or trustees. Each of the Directors is a director or trustee of one or more other registered investment companies in the AB Fund Complex.
| Name of Director |
Aggregate Compensation from the Fund |
Total Compensation from the AB Fund Complex, Including the Fund |
Total Number of Investment Companies in the AB Fund Complex, Including the Fund, as to which the Director is a Director or Trustee |
Total Number of Investment Portfolios within the AB Fund Complex Including the Fund, as to which the Director is a Director or Trustee |
||||||||||||
| Interested Directors: |
||||||||||||||||
| Kathleen Fisher |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | 3 | 19 | ||||||||||
| Independent Directors: |
||||||||||||||||
| Bart Friedman |
$ | 221,656 | $ | 250,000 | 3 | 19 | ||||||||||
| R. Jay Gerken |
$ | 195,070 | $ | 237,500 | 3 | 19 | ||||||||||
| William Kristol |
$ | 189,880 | $ | 225,000 | 3 | 19 | ||||||||||
| Debra Perry |
$ | 209,792 | $ | 257,500 | 3 | 19 | ||||||||||
| Donald K. Peterson |
$ | 204,681 | $ | 240,000 | 3 | 19 | ||||||||||
Officer Information
Certain information concerning the SCB Funds officers is set forth below.
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| NAME, ADDRESS* AND YEAR OF BIRTH |
POSITION(S) HELD WITH FUND |
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING LAST FIVE YEARS OR LONGER | ||
| Kathleen Fisher 1954 |
President | See biography above. | ||
| Sharon E. Fay 1960 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager, with which she has been associated since prior to 2014. She is also Head and Chief Investment Officer of Equities. | ||
| Kent W. Hargis 1968 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated in a similar capacity to his current position since prior to 2014, and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Strategic Core Equities since 2018. | ||
| Henry DAuria 1961 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014, and Chief Investment Officer of Emerging Markets Value Equities. | ||
| Laurent Saltiel 1969 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014, and Chief Investment Officer of Emerging Markets Growth. | ||
| Mark Phelps 1959 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President and Chief Investment Officer of Concentrated Global Growth of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014. | ||
| Daniel C. Roarty 1971 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014, and Chief Investment Officer of Thematic and Sustainable Equities. | ||
| R. B. (Guy) Davidson III 1961 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014, and Director of Municipal Bond Management. | ||
| Terrance T. Hults 1966 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014. | ||
| Michael Canter 1969 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014, and Director of U.S. Multi-Sector and Securitized Assets. | ||
| Shawn E. Keegan 1971 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014. | ||
| Douglas J. Peebles 1965 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014, and Chief Investment Officer of Fixed Income. | ||
| Greg J. Wilensky 1967 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014, and Director of U.S. Multi-Sector Fixed Income, U.S. Inflation-Linked Fixed Income and Stable Value Investments. | ||
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| NAME, ADDRESS* AND YEAR OF BIRTH |
POSITION(S) HELD WITH FUND |
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING LAST FIVE YEARS OR LONGER | ||
| Nelson Yu 1971 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014, Head of Blend Strategies since 2017, and Head of Quantitative Research for Equities since 2014. | ||
| Daniel J. Loewy 1974 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014, and Chief Investment Officer and Head of Multi-Asset Solutions. | ||
| Alexander Barenboym 1971 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014. | ||
| Avi Lavi 1966 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014, and Chief Investment Officer of Global and International Value Equities. | ||
| Matthew Norton 1983 |
Vice President | Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014. | ||
| Andrew Potter 1985 |
Vice President | Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014. | ||
| Janaki Rao 1970 |
Vice President | Senior Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014. | ||
| Emilie D. Wrapp 1955 |
Secretary | Senior Vice President, Assistant General Counsel and Assistant Secretary of AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. (ABI)**, with which she has been associated since prior to 2014. | ||
| Michael B. Reyes 1976 |
Senior Analyst | Vice President of the Manager**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014. | ||
| Joseph J. Mantineo 1959 |
Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer | Senior Vice President of AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. (ABIS)**, with which he has been associated since prior to 2014. | ||
| Phyllis J. Clarke 1961 |
Controller | Vice President of ABIS**, with which she has been associated since prior to 2014. | ||
| Vincent S. Noto 1964 |
Chief Compliance Officer | Senior Vice President since 2015 and Mutual Fund Chief Compliance Officer of the Manager** since 2014. Prior thereto, he was Vice President and Director of Mutual Fund Compliance of the Manager since 2012. | ||
| * | The address for each of the Funds officers is c/o AllianceBernstein L.P., 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105. |
| ** | The Manager, ABIS and ABI are affiliates of the Fund. |
Manager. The Funds investment manager is AllianceBernstein L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, with offices at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105.
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The Manager is a leading global investment management firm supervising client accounts with assets as of March 31, 2019, totaling approximately $555 billion. The Manager provides management services for many of the largest U.S. public and private employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, public employee retirement funds, banks, insurance companies and high net worth individuals worldwide. The Manager is also one of the largest mutual fund sponsors, with a diverse family of globally distributed mutual fund portfolios. As one of the worlds leading global investment management organizations, the Manager is able to compete for virtually any portfolio assignment in any developed capital market in the world.
As of March 31, 2019, the ownership structure of the Manager, expressed as a percentage of general and limited partnership interests, was as follows:
| AXA Equitable Holdings and its subsidiaries |
64.0 | % | ||
| AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. |
35.2 | % | ||
| Unaffiliated holders |
0.8 | % | ||
|
|
|
|||
| 100.0 | % | |||
|
|
|
AXA S.A. (AXA), a French holding company for the AXA Group, a worldwide leader in life, property and casualty and health insurance and asset management, owned approximately 48.3% of the outstanding common stock of AXA Equitable Holdings, Inc. (AXA Equitable) as of March 31, 2019.
As of March 31, 2019, AXA Equitable owned approximately 4.2% of the issued and outstanding units representing assignments of beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests in AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (AB Holding). AllianceBernstein Corporation (an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of AXA Equitable, GP) is the general partner of both AB Holding and the Manager. The GP owns 100,000 general partnership units in AB Holding and a 1% general partnership interest in the Manager.
Including both the general partnership and limited partnership interests in AB Holding and the Manager, AXA Equitable and its subsidiaries had an approximate 65.2% economic interest in the Manager as of March 31, 2019.
See Management of the Portfolio in the Portfolios prospectus for additional information about the ownership structure of the Manager and related matters.
Subject to the general oversight of the Board, and in conformity with the stated policies of the Portfolio, AB manages the investment of the Portfolios assets. AB makes investment decisions for the Portfolio and places purchase and sale orders. The services of AB are not exclusive under the terms of the Funds investment management agreement, with respect to the Portfolio (the Management Agreement); AB is free to render similar services to others.
AB has authorized those of its directors, officers or employees who are elected as directors or officers of the Fund to serve in the capacities in which they are elected. All services furnished by the Manager under the Management Agreement may be furnished through the medium of any such directors, officers or employees of the Manager. In connection with the provision of its services under the Management Agreement, the Manager bears various expenses, including the salaries and expenses of all personnel, except the fees and expenses of directors not affiliated with the Manager.
The Portfolio pays the Manager for the services performed on behalf of the Portfolio, as well as for the services performed on behalf of the Fund as a whole. The fee is computed daily and paid monthly at the annual rates set forth below:
| Portfolio |
Annual Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets of The Portfolio | |
| Intermediate Duration Portfolio |
0.45% of the first $2.5 billion; 0.40% in excess of $2.5 billion up to, but not exceeding $5 billion; 0.35% in excess of $5 billion up to, but not exceeding $8 billion; 0.30% of assets in excess of $8 billion |
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The table below indicates the investment management fees accrued or paid by the Portfolio to the Manager for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2018:
| Management Fee for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, |
||||||||||||
| Portfolio |
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |||||||||
| Intermediate Duration Portfolio |
$ | 15,580,957 | $ | 15,403,657 | $ | 14,796,930 | ||||||
The Management Agreement provides that the Manager shall not be liable to the Fund or the Portfolio for any error of judgment by the Manager or mistake of law or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the management of the Fund or the Portfolio, except in the case of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or reckless disregard of obligations and duties under the Management Agreement.
Except as indicated above, the Portfolio is responsible for the payment of its expenses and an allocable share of the common expenses of the Fund, including: (i) the fees payable to the Manager under the Management Agreement; (ii) the fees and expenses of Directors who are not affiliated with the Manager; (iii) the fees and expenses of the Funds custodian (the Custodian); (iv) the fees and expenses of calculating yield and/or performance pursuant to any independent servicing agreement; (v) the charges and expenses of legal counsel and independent auditors; (vi) all taxes and corporate fees payable to governmental agencies; (vii) the fees of any trade association of which the Fund is a member; (viii) reimbursement of the Portfolios share of the organization expenses of the Fund; (ix) the fees and expenses involved in registering and maintaining registration of the Fund and the Portfolios shares with the SEC, registering the Fund as a broker or dealer and qualifying the shares of the Portfolio under state securities laws, including the preparation and printing of the registration statements and prospectuses for such purposes, allocable communications expenses with respect to investor services, all expenses of shareholders and Board meetings and preparing, printing and mailing proxies, prospectuses and reports to shareholders; (x) brokers commissions, dealers markups, and any issue or transfer taxes chargeable in connection with the Portfolios securities transactions; (xi) the cost of stock certificates representing shares of the Portfolio; (xii) insurance expenses, including but not limited to, the cost of a fidelity bond, directors and officers insurance, and errors and omissions insurance; and (xiii) litigation and indemnification expenses, expenses incurred in connection with mergers, and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Portfolios business.
The Management Agreement with the Fund provides that if at any time the Manager shall cease to act as investment adviser to the Portfolio or to the Fund, the Fund shall take all steps necessary under corporate law to change its corporate name to delete the reference to Sanford C. Bernstein and shall thereafter refrain from using such name with reference to the Fund.
The Management Agreement provides that it will terminate automatically if assigned and that it may be terminated without penalty by the Portfolio (by vote of the directors or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio voting separately from any other Portfolio of the Fund) on not less than 30 days written notice. The Management Agreement also provides that it will continue for more than the first two years only if such continuance is annually approved in the manner required by the 1940 Act and the Manager shall not have notified the Fund that it does not desire such continuance. Most recently, continuance of the Management Agreement for an additional annual period was approved by a vote, cast in person, of the Board, including a majority of the Directors who are not parties to the Management Agreement or interested persons of any such party, at a meeting held on October 24-25, 2018.
Certain other clients of the Manager may have investment objectives and policies similar to that of the Portfolio. The Manager may, from time to time, make recommendations which result in the purchase or sale of the particular security by its other clients simultaneously with a purchase or sale thereof by the Portfolio. If transactions on behalf of more than one client during the same period increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price. It is the policy of the Manager to allocate advisory recommendations and the placing of orders in a manner that is deemed equitable by the Manager to the accounts involved, including the Portfolio. When two or more of the Managers clients (including the Portfolio) are purchasing or selling the same security on a given day through the same broker or dealer, such transactions may be averaged as to price.
The Manager may act as an investment adviser to other persons, firms or corporations, including investment companies, and is the investment adviser to the following registered investment companies: AB Bond Fund, Inc., AB Cap Fund, Inc., AB Corporate Shares, AB Discovery Growth Fund, Inc., AB Core Opportunities Fund, Inc., AB Equity Income Fund, Inc., AB Fixed-Income Shares, Inc., AB Global Bond Fund, Inc., AB Global Real Estate Investment Fund, Inc., AB Global Risk Allocation Fund, Inc., AB Sustainable Global Thematic Fund, Inc., AB Relative Value Fund, Inc., AB High Income Fund, Inc., AB Institutional Funds, Inc., AB Sustainable International Thematic Fund, Inc., AB Large Cap Growth Fund, Inc., AB Trust, AB Unconstrained Bond Fund, Inc., AB Variable Products Series Fund, Inc., The AB Portfolios, Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc., Sanford C. Bernstein Fund II, Inc. and Bernstein Fund, Inc., all open-end investment companies; and to AllianceBernstein Global High Income Fund, Inc., AB Multi-Manager
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Alternative Fund, Alliance California Municipal Income Fund, Inc. and AllianceBernstein National Municipal Income Fund, all registered closed-end investment companies. The registered investment companies for which the Manager serves as investment adviser are referred to collectively below as the AB Funds or AB Fund Complex.
Additional Information Regarding Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers
As of September 30, 2018, the Managers employees had approximately $1,176,454 invested in shares of the Fund and $52,931,266 invested in shares of all AB Mutual Funds (excluding AB money market funds) through their interests in certain deferred compensation plans, including the Partners Compensation Plan, including both vested and unvested amounts.
The management of and investment decisions for the Portfolio are made by the U.S. Investment Grade: Core Fixed Income Investment Team. The investment professionals with the most significant responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Portfolio are: Michael Canter, Shawn E. Keegan, Douglas J. Peebles, Janaki Rao and Greg J. Wilensky. For additional information about the portfolio management of the Portfolio, see Management of the Portfolio in the Prospectus.
Except as set forth below, the aforementioned individuals did not own shares in the Portfolios securities as of September 30, 2018.
| Intermediate Duration Portfolio |
DOLLAR RANGE OF EQUITY SECURITIES IN THE PORTFOLIO | |
| Douglas J. Peebles |
$100,001-$500,000 |
The following tables provide information regarding other registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts over which the Portfolios portfolio managers also have day-to-day management responsibilities. The tables provide the numbers of such accounts, the total assets in such accounts and the number of accounts and total assets whose fees are based on performance. The information is provided as of September 30, 2018.
REGISTERED INVESTMENT COMPANIES (excluding the Portfolio)
| Portfolio Manager |
Total Number of Registered Investment Companies Managed |
Total Assets of Registered Investment Companies Managed (in millions) |
Number of Registered Investment Companies Managed with Performance- based Fees |
Total Assets of Registered Investment Companies Managed with Performance- based Fees (in millions) |
||||||||||||
| Michael Canter |
34 | $ | 6,155 | None | None | |||||||||||
| Shawn E. Keegan |
1 | $ | 351 | None | None | |||||||||||
| Douglas J. Peebles |
29 | $ | 15,556 | None | None | |||||||||||
| Janaki Rao |
None | None | None | None | ||||||||||||
| Greg J. Wilensky |
34 | $ | 6,155 | None | None | |||||||||||
OTHER POOLED INVESTMENT VEHICLES
| Portfolio Manager |
Total Number of Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed |
Total Assets of Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed (in millions) |
Number of Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed with Performance- based Fees |
Total Assets of Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed with Performance- based Fees (in millions) |
||||||||||||
| Michael Canter |
33 | $ | 4,431 | None | None | |||||||||||
| Shawn E. Keegan |
38 | $ | 44,471 | None | None | |||||||||||
| Douglas J. Peebles |
73 | $ | 7,754 | None | None | |||||||||||
| Janaki Rao |
5 | $ | 3,190 | None | None | |||||||||||
| Greg J. Wilensky |
33 | $ | 4,431 | None | None | |||||||||||
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OTHER ACCOUNTS
| Portfolio Manager |
Total Number of Other Accounts Managed |
Total Assets of Other Accounts Managed (in millions) |
Number of Other Accounts Managed with Performance- based Fees |
Total Assets of Other Accounts with Performance- based Fees (in millions) |
||||||||||||
| Michael Canter |
102 | $ | 5,658 | 3 | $ | 426 | ||||||||||
| Shawn E. Keegan |
146 | $ | 40,193 | 3 | $ | 4,957 | ||||||||||
| Douglas J. Peebles |
74 | $ | 26,773 | 2 | $ | 1,660 | ||||||||||
| Janaki Rao |
1 | $ | 211 | 1 | $ | 211 | ||||||||||
| Greg J. Wilensky |
102 | $ | 5,658 | 3 | $ | 426 | ||||||||||
Investment Professional Conflict of Interest Disclosure
As an investment adviser and fiduciary, the Manager owes its clients and shareholders an undivided duty of loyalty. The Manager recognizes that conflicts of interest are inherent in our business and accordingly have developed policies and procedures (including oversight monitoring) reasonably designed to detect, manage and mitigate the effects of actual or potential conflicts of interest in the area of employee personal trading, managing multiple accounts for multiple clients, including AB Mutual Funds, and allocating investment opportunities. Investment professionals, including portfolio managers and research analysts, are subject to the above-mentioned policies and oversight monitoring to ensure that all clients are treated equitably. The Manager places the interests of its clients first and expects all of its employees to meet their fiduciary duties.
Employee Personal Trading. The Manager has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that is designed to detect and prevent conflicts of interest when investment professionals and other personnel of the Manager own, buy or sell securities which may be owned by, or bought or sold for, clients. Personal securities transactions by an employee may raise a potential conflict of interest when an employee owns or trades in a security that is owned or considered for purchase or sale by a client, or recommended for purchase or sale by an employee to a client. Subject to the reporting requirements and other limitations of its Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, the Manager permits its employees to engage in personal securities transactions, and also allows them to acquire investments in certain portfolios managed by the Manager. The Managers Code of Business Conduct and Ethics requires disclosure of all personal accounts and maintenance of brokerage accounts with designated broker-dealers approved by the Manager. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics also requires preclearance of all securities transactions (except transactions in U.S. Treasuries and open-end mutual funds) and imposes a 60-day holding period for securities purchased by employees to discourage short-term trading.
Managing Multiple Accounts for Multiple Clients. The Manager has compliance policies and oversight monitoring in place to address conflicts of interest relating to the management of multiple accounts for multiple clients. Conflicts of interest may arise when an investment professional has responsibilities for the investments of more than one account because the investment professional may be unable to devote equal time and attention to each account. The investment professional or investment professional teams for each client may have responsibilities for managing all or a portion of the investments of multiple accounts with a common investment strategy, including other registered investment companies, unregistered investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, pension plans, separate accounts, collective trusts and charitable foundations. Among other things, the Managers policies and procedures provide for the prompt dissemination to investment professionals of initial or changed investment recommendations by analysts so that investment professionals are better able to develop investment strategies for all accounts they manage. In addition, investment decisions by investment professionals are reviewed for the purpose of maintaining uniformity among similar accounts and ensuring that accounts are treated equitably. No investment professional who manages client accounts carrying performance fees is compensated directly or specifically for the performance of those accounts. Investment professional compensation reflects a broad contribution in multiple dimensions to long-term investment success for clients of the Manager and is generally not tied specifically to the performance of any particular clients account, nor is it generally tied directly to the level or change in level of assets under management.
Allocating Investment Opportunities. The investment professionals at the Manager routinely are required to select and allocate investment opportunities among accounts. The Manager has adopted policies and procedures intended to address conflicts of interest relating to the allocation of investment opportunities. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that information relevant to investment decisions is disseminated promptly within its portfolio management teams and investment opportunities are allocated equitably among different clients. The policies and procedures require, among other things, objective allocation for limited investment opportunities (e.g., on a rotational basis), and documentation and review of justifications for any decisions to make investments only for select accounts or in a manner disproportionate to the size of the account. Portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar accounts, which minimizes the potential for conflicts of interest relating to the allocation of investment opportunities. Nevertheless, access to portfolio funds or other investment opportunities may be allocated differently among accounts due to the particular characteristics of an account, such as size of the account, cash position, tax status, risk tolerance and investment restrictions or for other reasons.
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The Managers procedures are also designed to address potential conflicts of interest that may arise when the Manager has a particular financial incentive, such as a performance-based management fee, relating to an account. An investment professional may perceive that he or she has an incentive to devote more time to developing and analyzing investment strategies and opportunities or allocating securities preferentially to accounts for which the Manager could share in investment gains.
Portfolio Manager Compensation
The Managers compensation program for portfolio managers is designed to align with clients interests, emphasizing each portfolio managers ability to generate long-term investment success for the Managers clients, including the Portfolio. The Manager also strives to ensure that compensation is competitive and effective in attracting and retaining the highest caliber employees.
Portfolio managers receive a base salary, incentive compensation and contributions to the Managers 401(k) plan. Part of the annual incentive compensation is generally paid in the form of a cash bonus, and part through an award under the firms Incentive Compensation Award Plan (ICAP). The ICAP awards vest over a four-year period. Deferred awards are paid in the form of restricted grants of the firms Master Limited Partnership Units, and award recipients have the ability to receive a portion of their awards in deferred cash. The amount of contributions to the 401(k) plan is determined at the sole discretion of the Manager. On an annual basis, the Manager endeavors to combine all of the foregoing elements into a total compensation package that considers industry compensation trends and is designed to retain its best talent.
The incentive portion of total compensation is determined by quantitative and qualitative factors. Quantitative factors, which are weighted more heavily, are driven by investment performance. Qualitative factors are driven by contributions to the investment process and client success.
The quantitative component includes measures of absolute, relative and risk-adjusted investment performance. Relative and risk-adjusted returns are determined based on the benchmark in the Funds prospectus and versus peers over one-, three- and five-year calendar periods, with more weight given to longer-time periods. Peer groups are chosen by Chief Investment Officers, who consult with the product management team to identify products most similar to our investment style and most relevant within the asset class. Portfolio managers of the Portfolio do not receive any direct compensation based upon the investment returns of any individual client account, and compensation is not tied directly to the level or change in level of assets under management.
Among the qualitative components considered, the most important include thought leadership, collaboration with other investment colleagues, contributions to risk-adjusted returns of other portfolios in the firm, efforts in mentoring and building a strong talent pool and being a good corporate citizen. Other factors can play a role in determining portfolio managers compensation, such as the complexity of investment strategies managed, volume of assets managed and experience.
The Manager emphasizes four behavioral competenciesrelentlessness, ingenuity, team orientation and accountabilitythat support its mission to be the most trusted advisor to its clients. Assessments of investment professionals are formalized in a year-end review process that includes 360-degree feedback from other professionals from across the investment teams and the Manager.
The NAV of the Portfolio is calculated at the close of regular trading on any day the Exchange is open (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes earlier, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading) following receipt of a purchase or redemption order by the Portfolio on the Portfolio business day on which such an order is received and on such other days or at such other times as the Board deems appropriate or necessary in order to comply with Rule 22c-1 under the 1940 Act. The Portfolios per share NAV is calculated by dividing the value of the Portfolios total assets, less its liabilities, by the total number of its shares then outstanding. The Portfolio business day is any weekday on which the Exchange is open for trading.
Portfolio securities are valued at current market value or, if market quotations are not readily available or are unreliable, at fair value as determined in accordance with applicable rules under the 1940 Act and the Portfolios pricing policies and procedures (the Pricing Policies) established by and under the general supervision of the Board. The Board has delegated to the Manager, subject to the Boards continuing oversight, certain of its duties with respect to the Pricing Policies. The Manager has established a Valuation Committee, which operates under policies and procedures approved by the Board, to value the Portfolios assets on behalf of the Portfolio.
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Whenever possible, all securities are valued based on market information on the business day as of which the value is being determined, as follows:
(a) an equity security listed on the Exchange or another national or foreign exchange (other than securities listed on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange (NASDAQ)), is valued at the last sale price reflected on the consolidated tape at the close of the exchange. If there has been no sale on the relevant business day, the security is valued at the last traded price;
(b) an equity security traded on NASDAQ is valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price;
(c) an OTC equity security is valued at the mid-level between the current bid and asked prices. If the mid-price is not available, the security will be valued at the bid price. An equity security traded on more than one exchange is valued in accordance with paragraph (a) above by reference to the principal exchange on which the security is traded, as determined by the Manager;
(d) a listed or OTC put or call option is valued at the mid-level between the current bid and asked prices (for options on futures contracts, see item (e)). If neither a current bid nor a current ask price is available, the Manager will have discretion to determine the best valuation (e.g., last trade price) and then bring the issue to the Valuation Committee the following day;
(e) an open futures contract and any option thereon is valued at the closing settlement price or, in the absence of such a price, the most recent quoted bid price. If there are no quotations available for the relevant business day, the security is valued at the last available closing settlement price;
(f) a listed right is valued at the last traded price provided by approved vendors. If there has been no sale on the relevant business day, the right is valued at the last traded price from the previous day. On the following day, the security is valued in good faith at fair value. For an unlisted right, the calculation used in determining a value is the price of the reference security minus the subscription price multiplied by the terms of the right. There may be some instances when the subscription price is greater than the reference security price. In such instances, the right would be valued as worthless;
(g) a listed warrant is valued at the last traded price provided by approved vendors. If there has been no sale on the relevant business day, the warrant is valued at the last traded price from the previous day. On the following day, the security is valued in good faith at fair value. All unlisted warrants are valued in good faith at fair value. Once a warrant has expired, it will no longer be valued;
(h) preferred securities are valued based on prices from approved vendors which use last trade data for listed preferreds and evaluated bid side prices for non-listed preferreds, as well as for listed preferreds when there is no trade activity;
(i) U.S. government securities and any other debt instruments having 60 days or less remaining until maturity are generally valued at market by an independent pricing vendor, if a market price is available. If a market price is not available, the securities are valued at amortized cost. This methodology pertains to short term securities that have an original maturity of 60 days or less, as well as short term securities that had an original term to maturity that exceeded 60 days. In instances when amortized cost is utilized, the Valuation Committee must reasonably conclude that the utilization of amortized cost is approximately the same as the fair value of the security. Such factors the Valuation Committee will consider include, but are not limited to, an impairment of the creditworthiness of the issuer or material changes in interest rates. The Manager is responsible for monitoring any instances when a market price is not applied to a short term security and will report any instances to the Valuation Committee for review;
(j) a fixed-income security is typically valued on the basis of bid prices provided by a pricing vendor when the Manager reasonably believes that such prices reflect the market value of the security. In certain markets the market convention may be to use the mid price between bid and offer. Fixed-income securities may be valued on the basis of the mid prices when such prices reflect the convention of the particular markets. The prices provided by a pricing vendor may take into account many factors, including institutional size trading in similar groups of securities and any developments related to specific securities. If the Manager determines that an appropriate pricing vendor does not exist for a security in a market which typically values such security on the basis of a bid price, the security is valued on the basis of a quoted bid price or spread over the applicable yield curve (a bid spread) by a broker/dealer in such security. If the Manager receives multiple broker quotes the Manager will utilize the broker quote which it believes is the most reliable (e.g., market maker for that security). If multiple brokers are deemed equally reliable market makers, the Manager will utilize the second highest broker price. If an appropriate pricing vendor does not exist for a security in a market where convention is to use the mid-price, the security is valued on the basis of a quoted mid-price by a broker-dealer in such security;
(k) bank loans are valued on the basis of bid prices provided by a pricing vendor;
(l) bridge loans are valued at fair value, which equates to the outstanding loan amount, unless it is determined by the Valuation Committee that any particular bridge loan should be valued at something other than the outstanding loan amount. This may occur from a significant change in the high yield market and/or a significant change in the perceived credit quality of any particular issuer or issuers of bridge loans;
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(m) whole loans: residential and commercial mortgage whole loans and whole loan pools are fair market priced by an independent pricing vendor or broker-dealer;
(n) forward and spot currency pricing is provided by an independent pricing vendor. The rate provided by the vendor is a mid-price close for forward and spot rates. In most instances whenever both an onshore rate and an offshore (i.e., NDF) rate is available, the Manager will use the offshore (NDF) rate. NDF contracts are used for currencies where it is difficult (and sometimes impossible) to take actual delivery of the currency;
(o) OTC derivatives pricing: independent pricing vendors are used to obtain derivatives values or obtain information used to derive a price for each investment. This information is placed into various pricing models that can be sourced by the Manager or from approved vendors (depending on the type of derivative) to derive a price for each investment. These pricing models are monitored/reviewed on an ongoing basis by the Manager;
(p) mutual funds and other pooled vehicles: the Manager receives pricing information for mutual funds and other pooled vehicles from various sources (including AB Global Fund Administration and the external custodian banks). Open-end mutual funds are valued at the closing NAV per share. Closed-end funds and ETFs are valued at the closing market price per share;
(q) repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements: repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements will be valued based on their original cost plus accrued interest;
(r) hedge funds: hedge funds will be priced at the most recent available closing NAV per share;
(s) equity-linked notes: prices are sourced at the end of the pricing day from approved vendors. The vendor methodology is to source the relevant underlying non-U.S. dollar exchange closing prices and convert them to U.S. dollars; and
(t) credit-linked notes: prices are sourced on the reference bond consistent with fixed-income security methodology as noted above, which are passed through as the price on the credit-linked note. Alternatively, broker marks are obtained.
If the Manager becomes aware of any news/market events that would cause the Valuation Committee to believe the last traded or market-based price, as applicable, does not reflect fair value, the security is then valued in good faith at fair value by, or in accordance with, procedures approved by the Board.
The Portfolio values its securities at their current market value determined on the basis of market quotations as set forth above or, if market quotations are not readily available (including restricted securities) or are unreliable, at fair value as determined in accordance with procedures established by and under the general supervision of the Board. When the Portfolio uses fair value pricing, it may take into account any factors it deems appropriate. The Portfolio may determine fair value based on factors such as, but not limited to, information obtained by contacting the issuer or analysts or by analysis of the issuers financial statements. The Portfolio may value these securities using fair value prices based on independent pricing services. The Portfolio may determine fair value based upon developments related to a specific security, current valuations of foreign stock indices (as reflected in U.S. futures markets) and/or U.S. sector or broader stock market indices. The prices of securities used by the Portfolio to calculate its NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security.
The Portfolio expects to use fair value pricing for securities primarily traded on U.S. exchanges only under very limited circumstances, such as the early closing of the exchange on which a security is traded or suspension of trading in the security. The Portfolio may use fair value pricing more frequently for securities primarily traded in non-U.S. markets because, among other things, most foreign markets close well before the Portfolio values its securities at 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. The earlier close of these foreign markets gives rise to the possibility that significant events, including broad market moves, may have occurred in the interim. For example, the Portfolio believes that foreign security values may be affected by events that occur after the close of foreign securities markets. To account for this, the Portfolio may frequently value many of its foreign equity securities using fair value prices based on third-party vendor modeling tools to the extent available.
The Board may suspend the determination of the Portfolios NAV (and the offering and sale of shares), subject to the rules of the SEC and other governmental rules and regulations, at a time when: (1) the Exchange is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings, (2) an emergency exists as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Portfolio to dispose of securities owned by it or to determine fairly the value of its net assets, or (3) for the protection of shareholders, the SEC by order permits a suspension of the right of redemption or a postponement of the date of payment on redemption.
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For purposes of determining the Portfolios NAV per share, all assets and liabilities initially expressed in a foreign currency will be converted into U.S. Dollars at the mean of the current bid and asked prices of such currency against the U.S. Dollar last quoted by a major bank that is a regular participant in the relevant foreign exchange market or on the basis of a pricing service that takes into account the quotes provided by a number of such major banks. If such quotations are not available as of the close of the Exchange, the rate of exchange will be determined in good faith by, or under the direction of, the Board.
The assets attributable to the Class A shares, Class Z shares and Advisor Class shares will be invested together in a single portfolio for the Portfolio. The NAV of each class will be determined separately by subtracting the liabilities allocated to that class from the assets belonging to that class in conformance with the provisions of plans adopted by the Portfolio in accordance with Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act.
Distribution Services Agreement
The Fund has entered into a Distribution Services Agreement (the Agreement) with ABI, the Funds principal underwriter (the Principal Underwriter), to permit the Principal Underwriter to distribute the Portfolios Class A shares, and to permit the Fund to pay distribution services fees to defray expenses associated with the distribution of the Portfolios Class A shares in accordance with a plan of distribution which is included in the Agreement and which has been duly adopted and approved in accordance with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the Rule 12b-1 Plan). Advisor Class shares and Class Z shares are not subject to Rule 12b-1 asset-based sales charges.
Class A shares of the Portfolio have not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI and have not paid distribution services fees for expenditures under the Agreement, nor has the Portfolio incurred expenses or costs in connection with activities primarily intended to result in the sale of Class A shares.
With respect to Class A shares of the Portfolio, distribution expenses accrued by ABI in one fiscal year may not be paid from distribution services fees received from the Portfolio in subsequent fiscal years.
The Rule 12b-1 Plan is in compliance with rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), which effectively limit the annual asset-based sales charges and service fees that a mutual fund may pay on a class of shares to 0.75% and 0.25%, respectively, of the average annual net assets attributable to that class. The rules also limit the aggregate of all front-end, deferred and asset-based sales charges imposed with respect to a class of shares by a mutual fund that also charges a service fee to 6.25% of cumulative gross sales of shares of that class, plus interest at the prime rate plus 1% per annum.
In approving the Rule 12b-1 Plan, the Directors of the Fund determined that there was a reasonable likelihood that the Rule 12b-1 Plan would benefit the Portfolio and its shareholders. The distribution services fee of a particular class will not be used to subsidize the provision of distribution services with respect to any other class.
The Manager may from time to time and from its own funds or such other resources as may be permitted by rules of the SEC make payments for distribution services to the Principal Underwriter; the latter may in turn pay part or all of such compensation to brokers or other persons for their distribution assistance.
The Rule 12b-1 Plan continues in effect from year to year with respect to each class of shares of the Portfolio provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Directors of the Fund or by vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of that class, and, in either case, by a majority of the Directors of the Fund who are not parties to the Rule 12b-1 Plan or interested persons, as defined in the 1940 Act, of any such party (other than as Directors of the Fund) and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Rule 12b-1 Plan or any agreement related thereto. Most recently the Directors approved the continuance of the Rule 12b-1 Plan for another annual term at a meeting held on October 24-25, 2018.
In the event that the Rule 12b-1 Plan is terminated by either party or not continued with respect to the Class A shares, (i) no distribution services fees (other than current amounts accrued but not yet paid) would be owed by the Portfolio to the Principal Underwriter with respect to that class and (ii) the Portfolio would not be obligated to pay the Principal Underwriter for any amounts expended under the Rule 12b-1 Plan not previously recovered by the Principal Underwriter from distribution services fees in respect of shares of such class or through deferred sales charges.
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Transfer Agency Agreement
ABIS, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Manager located at 8000 IH 10 W, 13th Floor, San Antonio, Texas 78230, receives a transfer agency fee per account holder of each of the Class A, Class Z and Advisor Class shares of the Portfolio, plus reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses. Class A, Class Z and Advisor Class shares of the Portfolio have not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI so the Portfolio has not paid ABIS pursuant to the Transfer Agency Agreement.
ABIS acts as the transfer agent for the Portfolio. ABIS registers the transfer, issuance and redemption of Portfolio shares and disburses dividends and other distributions to Portfolio shareholders.
The Portfolio shares are owned by selected dealers or selected agents, as defined below, financial intermediaries or other financial representatives (financial intermediaries) for the benefit of their customers. In those cases, the Portfolio often does not maintain an account for you. Thus, some or all of the transfer agency functions for these accounts are performed by the financial intermediaries. Retirement plans may also hold Portfolio shares in the name of the plan, rather than the participant. Financial intermediaries and recordkeepers, who may have affiliated financial intermediaries who sell shares of the AB Mutual Funds, may be paid by the Portfolio, the Manager, ABI and ABIS (i) account fees in amounts up to $19 per account per annum, (ii) asset-based fees of up to 0.25% (except in respect of a limited number of intermediaries) per annum of the average daily assets held through the intermediary, or (iii) a combination of both. These amounts include fees for shareholder servicing, sub-transfer agency, sub-accounting and recordkeeping services. These amounts do not include fees for shareholder servicing that may be paid separately by the Portfolio pursuant to its Rule 12b-1 plan. Amounts paid by the Portfolio for these services are included in Other Expenses under Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio in the Summary Information section of the Prospectus. In addition, financial intermediaries may be affiliates of entities that receive compensation from the Manager or ABI for maintaining retirement plan platforms that facilitate trading by affiliated and non-affiliated financial intermediaries and recordkeeping for retirement plans.
Because financial intermediaries and plan recordkeepers may be paid varying amounts per class for sub-transfer agency and related recordkeeping services, the service requirements of which may also vary by class, this may create an additional incentive for financial intermediaries and their financial advisors to favor one fund complex over another or one class of shares over another.
CODE OF ETHICS AND PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Fund, the Manager and the Principal Underwriter have each adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics permit personnel subject to the codes to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.
The Fund has adopted the Managers proxy voting policies and procedures. The Managers proxy voting policies and procedures are attached as Appendix B.
Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies related to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling (800) 227-4618; or on or through the Funds website at www.alliancebernstein.com; or both; and (2) on the SECs website at www.sec.gov.
The following information supplements that set forth in the Portfolios Prospectus under the heading Investing in the Portfolio.
General
Shares of the Portfolio are offered on a continuous basis at a price equal to their NAV plus an initial sales charge at the time of purchase (Class A shares), to investors eligible to purchase Class Z shares of the Portfolio, without any initial sales charge or CDSC (the Class Z shares) or to investors eligible to purchase Advisor Class shares, without any initial sales charge or CDSC (the Advisor Class shares), in each case as described below. Class A shares of the Portfolio are subject to Rule 12b-1 asset-based sales charges. Shares of the Portfolio that are offered subject to a sales charge are offered through (i) investment dealers that are members of FINRA and have entered into selected dealer agreements with the Principal Underwriter (selected dealers), (ii) depository institutions and other financial intermediaries, or their affiliates, that have entered into selected agent agreements with the Principal Underwriter (selected agents) and (iii) the Principal Underwriter.
Investors may purchase shares of the Portfolio either through financial intermediaries or directly through the Principal Underwriter. A transaction, service, administrative or other similar fee may be charged by your financial intermediary with respect to
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the purchase, sale or exchange of shares made through such financial intermediary. Such financial intermediary may also impose requirements with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares that are different from, or in addition to, those imposed by the Portfolio, including requirements as to classes of shares available through that financial intermediary and the minimum initial and subsequent investment amounts. The Fund is not responsible for, and has no control over, the decision of any financial intermediary to impose such differing requirements. Sales personnel of financial intermediaries distributing the Portfolios shares may receive differing compensation for selling different classes of shares.
In order to open your account, the Fund or your financial intermediary is required to obtain certain information from you for identification purposes. This information may include name, date of birth, permanent residential address and social security/taxpayer identification number. It will not be possible to establish your account without this information. If the Fund or your financial intermediary is unable to verify the information provided, your account may be closed and other appropriate action may be taken as permitted by law.
Right to Restrict, Reject or Cancel Purchase and Exchange Orders. The Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to detect and deter frequent purchases and redemptions of Portfolio shares or excessive or short-term trading that may disadvantage long-term Fund shareholders. These policies are described below. The Fund reserves the right to restrict, reject or cancel, without any prior notice, any purchase order for any reason, including any purchase order accepted by any shareholders financial intermediary. In the event that the Portfolio rejects or cancels an exchange request, neither the redemption nor the purchase side of the exchange will be processed.
Risks Associated With Excessive or Short-Term Trading Generally. While the Portfolio will try to prevent market timing by utilizing the procedures described below, these procedures may not be successful in identifying or stopping excessive or short-term trading in all circumstances. By realizing profits through short-term trading, shareholders that engage in rapid purchases and sales or exchanges of the Portfolios shares dilute the value of shares held by long-term shareholders. Volatility resulting from excessive purchases and sales or exchanges of Portfolio shares, especially involving large dollar amounts, may disrupt efficient portfolio management and cause the Portfolio to sell shares at inopportune times to raise cash to accommodate redemptions relating to short-term trading activity. In particular, the Portfolio may have difficulty implementing its long-term investment strategies if it is forced to maintain a higher level of its assets in cash to accommodate significant short-term trading activity. In addition, the Portfolio may incur increased administrative and other expenses due to excessive or short-term trading, including increased brokerage costs and realization of taxable capital gains.
The Portfolio that invests significantly in securities of foreign issuers may be particularly susceptible to short-term trading strategies. This is because securities of foreign issuers are typically traded on markets that close well before the time the Portfolio calculates its NAV at the close of regular trading on the Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time), which gives rise to the possibility that developments may have occurred in the interim that would affect the value of these securities. The time zone differences among international stock markets can allow a shareholder engaging in a short-term trading strategy to exploit differences in Portfolio share prices that are based on closing prices of securities of foreign issuers established some time before the Portfolio calculates its own share price (referred to as time zone arbitrage). The Portfolio has procedures, referred to as fair value pricing, designed to adjust closing market prices of foreign securities to reflect what is believed to be the fair value of those securities at the time the Portfolio calculates its NAV. While there is no assurance, the Fund expects that the use of fair value pricing, in addition to the short-term trading policies discussed below, will significantly reduce a shareholders ability to engage in time zone arbitrage to the detriment of other Portfolio shareholders. NAV may be calculated at such other time as the Board of the Fund determines in its discretion.
A shareholder engaging in a short-term trading strategy may also target a fund irrespective of its investments in securities of foreign issuers. The Portfolio that invests in securities that are, among other things, thinly traded, traded infrequently, or lack liquidity, has the risk that the current market price for the securities may not accurately reflect current market values. A shareholder may seek to engage in short-term trading to take advantage of these pricing differences (referred to as price arbitrage). All funds may be adversely affected by price arbitrage.
Policy Regarding Short-Term Trading. Purchases and exchanges of shares of the Portfolio should be made for investment purposes only. The Fund seeks to prevent patterns of excessive purchases and sales or exchanges of Portfolio shares. The Fund will seek to prevent such practices to the extent they are detected by the procedures described below, subject to the Portfolios ability to monitor, purchase, sale and exchange activity. The Fund, the Manager, ABI and ABIS each reserve the right to modify this policy, including any surveillance or account blocking procedures established from time to time to effectuate this policy, at any time without notice.
| | Transaction Surveillance Procedures. The Fund, through its agents, ABI and ABIS, maintains surveillance procedures to detect excessive or short-term trading in Portfolio shares. This surveillance process involves several factors, which include scrutinizing transactions in Portfolio shares that exceed certain monetary thresholds or numerical limits within a specified |
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| period of time. Generally, more than two exchanges of Portfolio shares during any 60-day period or purchases of shares followed by a sale within 60 days will be identified by these surveillance procedures. For purposes of these transaction surveillance procedures, the Fund may consider trading activity in multiple accounts under common ownership, control or influence. Trading activity identified by either, or a combination, of these factors, or as a result of any other information available at the time, will be evaluated to determine whether such activity might constitute excessive or short-term trading. With respect to managed or discretionary accounts for which the account owner gives his/her broker, investment adviser or other third-party authority to buy and sell Portfolio shares, the Portfolio may consider trades initiated by the account owner, such as trades initiated in connection with bona fide cash management purposes, separately in their analysis. These surveillance procedures may be modified from time to time, as necessary or appropriate to improve the detection of excessive or short-term trading or to address specific circumstances. |
| | Account Blocking Procedures. If the Fund determines, in its sole discretion, that a particular transaction or pattern of transactions identified by the transaction surveillance procedures described above is excessive or short-term trading in nature, the Fund will take remedial action that may include issuing a warning, revoking certain account-related privileges (such as the ability to place purchase, sale and exchange orders over the internet or by phone) or prohibiting or blocking future purchase or exchange activity. However, sales of Portfolio shares back to the Portfolio or redemptions will continue to be permitted in accordance with the terms of the Portfolios current Prospectus. As a result, unless the shareholder redeems his or her shares, which may have consequences if the shares have declined in value, a CDSC is applicable, or adverse tax consequences may result, the shareholder may be locked into an unsuitable investment. A blocked account will generally remain blocked for 90 days. Subsequent detections of excessive or short-term trading may result in an indefinite account block or an account block until the account holder or the associated broker, dealer or other financial intermediary provides evidence or assurance acceptable to the Fund that the account holder did not or will not in the future engage in excessive or short-term trading. |
| | Applications of Surveillance Procedures and Restrictions to Omnibus Accounts. Omnibus account arrangements are common forms of holding shares of the Portfolio, particularly among certain brokers, dealers and other financial intermediaries, including sponsors of retirement plans and variable insurance products. The Fund applies its surveillance procedures to these omnibus account arrangements. As required by SEC rules, the Fund has entered into agreements with all of its financial intermediaries that require the financial intermediaries to provide the Fund, upon the request of the Fund or its agents, with individual account level information about their transactions. If the Fund detects excessive trading through its monitoring of omnibus accounts, including trading at the individual account level, the financial intermediaries will also execute instructions from the Fund to take actions to curtail the activity, which may include applying blocks to accounts to prohibit future purchases and exchanges of Portfolio shares. For certain retirement plan accounts, the Fund may request that the retirement plan or other intermediary revoke the relevant participants privilege to effect transactions in Portfolio shares via the internet or telephone, in which case the relevant participant must submit future transaction orders via the U.S. Postal Service (i.e., regular mail). |
Limitations on Ability to Detect and Curtail Excessive Trading Practices. Shareholders seeking to engage in excessive or short-term trading activities may deploy a variety of strategies to avoid detection and, despite the efforts of the Fund and its agents to detect excessive or short duration trading in Portfolio shares, there is no guarantee that the Fund will be able to identify these shareholders or curtail their trading practices. In particular, the Fund may not be able to detect excessive or short-term trading in Portfolio shares attributable to a particular investor who effects purchase and/or exchange activity in Portfolio shares through omnibus accounts. Also, multiple tiers of these entities may exist, each utilizing an omnibus account arrangement, which may further compound the difficulty of detecting excessive or short duration trading activity in Portfolio shares.
Purchase of Shares. The Fund reserves the right to suspend the sale of the Portfolios shares to the public in response to conditions in the securities markets or for other reasons. If the Fund suspends the sale of Portfolio shares, shareholders will not be able to acquire those shares, including through an exchange.
The public offering price of shares of the Portfolio is its NAV, plus, in the case of Class A shares, a sales charge. On the Fund business day on which a purchase or redemption order is received by the Fund and trading in the types of securities in which the Portfolio invests might materially affect the value of Portfolio shares, the NAV is computed as of the next close of regular trading on the Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) by dividing the value of the Portfolios total assets, less its liabilities, by the total number of its shares then outstanding. A Fund business day is any day on which the Exchange is open for trading.
The respective NAVs of the various classes of shares of the Portfolio are expected to be substantially the same.
The Fund will accept unconditional orders for shares of the Portfolio to be executed at the public offering price equal to their NAV next determined (plus applicable Class A sales charges), as described below. Orders received by the transfer agent prior to the close of regular trading on the Exchange on each day the Exchange is open for trading are priced at the NAV computed as of the close
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of regular trading on the Exchange on that day (plus applicable Class A sales charges). In the case of orders for purchase of shares placed through financial intermediaries, the applicable public offering price will be the NAV as so determined, but only if the financial intermediary receives the order prior to the close of regular trading on the Exchange. The financial intermediary is responsible for transmitting such orders by a prescribed time to the Fund or its transfer agent. If the financial intermediary fails to do so, the investor will not receive that days NAV. If the financial intermediary receives the order after the close of regular trading on the Exchange, the price received by the investor will be based on the NAV determined as of the close of regular trading on the Exchange on the next day it is open for trading. NAV may be calculated at such other time as the Board of the Portfolio determines in its discretion.
The Fund may, at its sole option, accept securities as payment for shares of the Portfolio if the Manager believes that the securities are appropriate investments for the Portfolio. The securities are valued by the method described under Net Asset Value below as of the date the Fund receives the securities and corresponding documentation necessary to transfer the securities to the Portfolio. This is a taxable transaction to the shareholder.
Following the initial purchase of Portfolio shares, a shareholder may place orders to purchase additional shares by telephone if the shareholder has completed the appropriate portion of the Mutual Fund Application or an Autobuy application obtained by calling the For Literature telephone number shown on the cover of this SAI. Except with respect to certain omnibus accounts, telephone purchase orders may not exceed $500,000. Payment for shares purchased by telephone can be made only by electronic funds transfer from a bank account maintained by the shareholder at a bank that is a member of the National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA). Telephone purchase requests must be received before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, on a Fund business day to receive that days public offering price. Telephone purchase requests received after 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, are automatically placed the following Fund business day, and the applicable public offering price will be the public offering price determined as of the close of business on such following business day.
Full and fractional shares are credited to a shareholders account in the amount of his or her subscription. As a convenience, and to avoid unnecessary expense to the Portfolio, the Portfolio will not issue share certificates representing shares of the Portfolio. Ownership of the Portfolios shares will be shown on the books of the Funds transfer agent.
Each class of shares of the Portfolio represents an interest in the same portfolio of investments of the Portfolio, has the same rights and is identical in all respects, except that (i) Class A shares bear the expense of the initial sales charge (or CDSC, when applicable) and the expense of the distribution services fee applicable to Class A Shares, and (ii) Class A has exclusive voting rights with respect to provisions of the Rule 12b-1 Plan pursuant to which its distribution services fee is paid and other matters for which separate class voting is appropriate under applicable law.
The Directors of the Fund have determined that currently no conflict of interest exists between or among the classes of shares of the Portfolio. On an ongoing basis, the Directors of the Fund, pursuant to their fiduciary duties under the 1940 Act and state law, will seek to ensure that no such conflict arises.
Class A Shares
Class A shares have the following alternative purchase arrangement: Class A shares are generally offered with an initial sales charge. Special purchase arrangements are available for Group Retirement Plans. See Alternative Purchase ArrangementsGroup Retirement Plans below. Group Retirement Plans are defined as 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans, and non-qualified deferred compensation plans where plan level or omnibus accounts are held on the books of the Portfolio. These alternative purchase arrangements permit an investor to choose the method of purchasing shares that is most beneficial given the amount of the purchase, the length of time the investor expects to hold the shares, and other circumstances.
Class A shares of the Portfolio have not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI and have not paid the Principal Underwriter any underwriting commission.
The public offering price of Class A shares is the NAV plus a sales charge, as set forth below.
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Sales Charge
| Amount of Purchase |
As % of Net Amount Invested |
As % of the Public Offering Price |
Discount or Commission to Dealers or Agents of up to % of Offering Price |
|||||||||
| Up to $100,000 |
4.44 | % | 4.25 | % | 4.00 | % | ||||||
| $100,000 up to $250,000 |
3.36 | % | 3.25 | % | 3.00 | % | ||||||
| $250,000 up to $500,000 |
2.30 | % | 2.25 | % | 2.00 | % | ||||||
| $500,000 up to $1,000,000* |
1.78 | % | 1.75 | % | 1.50 | % | ||||||
| * | There is no initial sales charge on transactions of $1,000,000 or more. |
All or a portion of the initial sales charge may be paid to your financial representative. With respect to purchases of $1,000,000 or more for the Intermediate Duration Portfolio, Class A shares redeemed within one year of purchase may be subject to a CDSC of up to 1%. The CDSC on Class A shares will be waived on certain redemptions, as described below under Contingent Deferred Sales Charge. ABIs commission is the sales charge shown in the Prospectus less any applicable discount or commission re-allowed to selected dealers and agents. ABI will re-allow discounts to selected dealers and agents in the amounts indicated in the table above. In this regard, ABI may elect to re-allow the entire sales charge to selected dealers and agents for all sales with respect to which orders are placed with ABI. A selected dealer who receives re-allowance in excess of 90% of such a sales charge may be deemed to be an underwriter under the Securities Act.
No initial sales charge is imposed on Class A shares issued (i) pursuant to the automatic reinvestment of income dividends or capital gains distributions; or (ii) in exchange for Class A shares of other AB Mutual Funds (see the current list of AB Mutual Funds under Combined Purchase Privilege below), except that an initial sales charge will be imposed on Class A shares issued in exchange for Class A shares of an AB money market fund that were purchased for cash without the payment of an initial sales charge and without being subject to a CDSC.
Commissions may be paid to selected dealers or agents who initiate or are responsible for Class A share purchases by a single shareholder of $1,000,000 or more with respect to the Intermediate Duration Portfolio that are not subject to an initial sales charge at up to the following rates: 1.00% on purchase amounts up to $5,000,000; plus 0.50% on purchase amounts over $5,000,000. Commissions are paid based on cumulative purchases by a shareholder over the life of an account with no adjustments for redemptions, transfers or market declines.
In addition to the circumstances described above, certain types of investors may be entitled to pay no initial sales charge in certain circumstances described below.
Class A SharesSales at NAV. The Portfolio may sell its Class A shares at NAV (i.e., without any initial sales charge) to certain categories of investors including:
| (i) | investment management clients of the Manager or its affiliates, including clients and prospective clients of the Managers AllianceBernstein Institutional Investment Management division; |
| (ii) | officers, directors and present and full-time employees of selected dealers or agents; or the spouse or domestic partner, sibling, direct ancestor or direct descendant (collectively, Relatives) of any such person; or any trust, individual retirement account or retirement plan account for the benefit of any such person; |
| (iii) | the Manager, ABI, ABIS and their affiliates; certain employee benefit plans for employees of the Manager, ABI, ABIS and their affiliates; |
| (iv) | (a) persons participating in a fee-based program, sponsored and maintained by a registered broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, under which persons pay an asset-based fee for services in the nature of investment advisory or administrative services or (b) clients of broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries who purchase Class A shares for their own accounts through self-directed brokerage accounts with the broker-dealer or financial intermediaries that may or may not charge a transaction fee to its clients; |
| (v) | plan participants who roll over amounts distributed from employer maintained retirement plans to AB-sponsored IRAs where the plan is a client of or serviced by the Managers Institutional Investment Management Division or Bernstein Global Wealth Management Division, including subsequent contributions to those IRAs; |
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| (vi) | persons participating in a Mutual Fund Only brokerage program, sponsored and maintained by a registered broker-dealer or other financial intermediary; |
| (vii) | certain retirement plan accounts as described under Alternative Purchase ArrangementsGroup Retirement Plans; |
| (viii) | current Class A shareholders of AB Mutual Funds and investors who receive a Fair Funds Distribution (a Distribution) resulting from an SEC enforcement action against the Manager and current Class A shareholders of AB Mutual Funds who receive a Distribution resulting from any SEC enforcement action related to trading in shares of AB Mutual Funds who, in each case, purchase shares of an AB Mutual Fund from ABI through deposit with ABI of the Distribution check; and |
| (ix) | certain firm-specific waivers as disclosed in Appendix B of the Prospectus. |
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge. Class A share purchases of $1,000,000 or more for the Intermediate Duration Portfolio will be subject to a CDSC of 1% as are Class A share purchases by certain retirement plans (see Alternative Purchase Arrangements Group Retirement Plans below). The charge will be assessed on an amount equal to the lesser of the cost of the shares being redeemed or their NAV at the time of the redemption. Accordingly, no sales charge will be imposed on increases in NAV above the initial purchase price. In addition, no charge will be assessed on shares derived from reinvestment of dividends or capital gains distributions.
The CDSC is waived on redemptions of shares (i) following the death or disability, as defined in the Code, of a shareholder, (ii) to the extent that the redemption represents a minimum required distribution from an individual retirement account or other retirement plan to a shareholder that has attained the age of 701/2, (iii) that had been purchased by present or former Directors of the Fund, by the relative of any such person, by any trust, individual retirement account or retirement plan account for the benefit of any such person or relative, or by the estate of any such person or relative, (iv) pursuant to, and in accordance with, a systematic withdrawal plan (see Sales Charge Reduction ProgramsSystematic Withdrawal Plan below), (v) to the extent that the redemption is necessary to meet a plan participants or beneficiarys request for a distribution or loan from a Group Retirement Plan or to accommodate a plan participants or beneficiarys direction to reallocate his or her plan account among other investment alternatives available under a Group Retirement Plan, and (vi) that had been purchased with proceeds from a Distribution resulting from any Commission enforcement action related to trading in shares of AB Mutual Funds through deposit with ABI of the Distribution check. The CDSC is also waived for (i) permitted exchanges of shares, (ii) holders of Class A shares who purchased $1,000,000 or more of Class A shares of the Portfolio where the participating broker or dealer involved in the sale of such shares waived the commission it would normally receive from ABI.
Class Z Shares
Class Z shares of the Portfolio are available at NAV, without an initial sales charge, to 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit-sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans, and nonqualified deferred compensation plans where plan level or omnibus accounts are held on the books of the Portfolio (Group Retirement Plans) and certain Manager-sponsored Group Retirement Plans. Class Z shares of the Portfolio generally are not available to retail traditional and Roth IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, SEPs, SAR-SEPs, SIMPLE IRAs and individual 403(b) plans. Class Z shares of the Portfolio are not currently available to Group Retirement Plans in the Manager-sponsored programs known as the Informed Choice programs. Class Z shares of the Portfolio are also available to certain institutional investment advisory clients of, and certain other persons associated with, the Manager and its affiliates who invest at least $2 million in the Portfolio. Class Z shares of the Portfolio are also available to persons participating in certain fee-based programs sponsored and maintained by registered broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries with omnibus account arrangements with the Portfolio.
Class Z shares are not subject to an initial sales charge, CDSC or distribution services fee, and thus have a lower expense ratio and pay correspondingly higher dividends than Class A.
Advisor Class Shares
Advisor Class shares may be purchased and held solely (i) through accounts established under fee-based programs, sponsored and maintained by registered broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries and approved by ABI, (ii) through self-directed defined contribution employee benefit plans (e.g., 401(k) plans) that purchase shares directly without the involvement of a financial intermediary or (iii) by officers and present or former Directors of the Portfolio or other investment companies managed by the Manager, officers, directors and present or retired full-time employees and former employees (for subsequent investments in accounts established during the course of their employment) of the Manager, ABI, ABIS and their affiliates, relatives of any such person, or any trust, individual retirement account or retirement plan for the benefit of any such person, (iv) by the categories of investors described in clauses (i), (iii) and (iv) under Class A Shares Sales at NAV or (v) through brokerage platforms of firms that have agreements
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with ABI to offer such shares when acting solely on an agency basis for the purchase or sale of such shares. Generally, a fee-based program must charge an asset-based or other similar fee and must invest at least $250,000 in Advisor Class shares of the Fund in order to be approved by ABI for investment in Advisor Class shares. A commission or other transaction fee may be charged by your financial intermediary with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of Advisor Class shares made through such financial intermediary. Advisor Class shares are not subject to an initial sales charge, CDSC or distribution services or any shareholder servicing fees, and thus have a lower expense ratio and pay correspondingly higher dividends than Class A shares.
Alternative Purchase Arrangements Group Retirement Plans
The Fund offers special distribution arrangements for Group Retirement Plans. However, plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and other financial intermediaries may establish requirements as to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares of the Portfolio, including maximum and minimum initial investment requirements, that are different from those described in this SAI. Group Retirement Plans also may not offer all classes of shares of the Portfolio. In addition, the Class A CDSC may be waived for investments made through certain Group Retirement Plans. Therefore, plan sponsors or fiduciaries may not adhere to these share class eligibility standards as set forth in the Prospectus and this SAI. The Fund is not responsible for, and has no control over, the decision of any plan sponsor or fiduciary to impose such differing requirements.
Class A Shares. Class A shares of the Portfolio are available at NAV to Group Retirement Plans, regardless of size, and to the AllianceBernstein Link, AllianceBernstein Individual 401(k) and AllianceBernstein SIMPLE IRA plans with at least $250,000 in plan assets and 100 or more employees. For the purposes of determining whether a SIMPLE IRA plan has at least $250,000 in plan assets, all of the SIMPLE IRAs of an employers employees are aggregated. ABI measures the asset levels and number of employees in these plans once monthly. Therefore, if a plan that is not eligible at the beginning of a month for purchases of Class A shares at NAV meets the asset level or number of employees required for such eligibility later in that month, all purchases by the plan will be subject to a sales charge until the monthly measurement of assets and employees. If the plan terminates the Portfolio as an investment option within one year, then all plan purchases of Class A shares will be subject to a 1%, 1-year CDSC on redemption. Class A shares are also available at NAV to Group Retirement Plans with plan assets in excess of $1 million. The 1%, 1-year CDSC also generally applies. However, the 1%, 1-year CDSC may be waived if the financial intermediary agrees to waive all commissions or other compensation paid in connection with the sale of such shares (typically up to a 1% advance payment for sales of Class A shares at NAV) other than the service fee paid pursuant to the Funds Rule 12b-1 Plan.
Class Z Shares.
Class Z shares of the Portfolio are available to certain Group Retirement Plans. Class Z shares generally are not available to traditional and Roth IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, SEPs, SAR-SEPs, SIMPLE IRAs and individual 403(b) plans. Class Z shares are not currently available to Group Retirement Plans in the Manager-sponsored programs known as the Informed Choice programs. Class Z shares are not subject to an initial sales charge, CDSC or distribution services fee.
Choosing a Class of Shares for Group Retirement Plans. As noted, plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and other financial intermediaries may establish requirements as to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares of the Portfolio, including maximum and minimum initial investment requirements, that are different from those described in this SAI. Plan fiduciaries should consider how these requirements differ from the Portfolios share class eligibility criteria before determining whether to invest. For example, the Portfolio makes its Class A shares available at NAV to Group Retirement Plans with plan assets of $1 million or more. In addition, under certain circumstances described above, the 1%, 1-year CDSC for Class A shares may be waived.
Sales Charge Reduction Programs for Class A Shares
The AB Mutual Funds offer shareholders various programs through which shareholders may obtain reduced sales charges or reductions in CDSC through participation in such programs. In order for shareholders to take advantage of the reductions available through the combined purchase privilege, rights of accumulation and letters of intent, the Portfolio must be notified by the shareholder or his or her financial intermediary that they qualify for such a reduction. If the Portfolio is not notified that a shareholder is eligible for these reductions, the Portfolio will be unable to ensure that the reduction is applied to the shareholders account.
Combined Purchase Privilege. Shareholders may qualify for the sales charge reductions by combining purchases of shares of the Portfolio (and any other AB Mutual Fund) into a single purchase. By combining such purchases, shareholders may be able to take advantage of the quantity discounts described under Alternative Purchase Arrangements. The term purchase means a single or concurrent purchase of shares of the Portfolio or any other AB Mutual Fund, including AllianceBernstein Institutional Funds, by (i) an individual, his or her spouse or domestic partner, or the individuals children under the age of 21 years purchasing shares of the Portfolio for his, her or their own account(s); (ii) a trustee or other fiduciary purchasing shares for a single trust, estate or single fiduciary account with one or more beneficiaries involved; or (iii) the employee benefit plans of a single employer. The term purchase also includes purchases by any company, as the term is defined in the 1940 Act, but does not include purchases by any
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such company that has not been in existence for at least six months or that has no purpose other than the purchase of shares of the Portfolio or shares of other registered investment companies at a discount. The term purchase does not include purchases by any group of individuals whose sole organizational nexus is that the participants therein are credit card holders of a company, policy holders of an insurance company, customers of either a bank or broker-dealer or clients of an investment adviser.
Currently, the AB Mutual Funds include:
AB Bond Fund, Inc.
| | AB All Market Real Return Portfolio |
| | AB Bond Inflation Strategy |
| | AB FlexFee High Yield Portfolio |
| | AB FlexFee International Bond Portfolio |
| | AB Income Fund |
| | AB Intermediate Bond Portfolio |
| | AB Limited Duration High Income Portfolio |
| | AB Municipal Bond Inflation Strategy |
| | AB Tax-Aware Fixed Income Portfolio |
AB Cap Fund, Inc.
| | AB All China Equity Portfolio |
| | AB All-Market Income Portfolio |
| | AB Concentrated Growth Fund |
| | AB Concentrated International Growth Portfolio |
| | AB Emerging Market Core Portfolio |
| | AB Emerging Markets Multi-Asset Portfolio |
| | AB FlexFee Core Opportunities Portfolio |
| | AB FlexFee Emerging Markets Growth Portfolio |
| | AB FlexFee International Strategic Core Portfolio |
| | AB FlexFee Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
| | AB FlexFee US Thematic Portfolio |
| | AB Global Core Equity Portfolio |
| | AB International Strategic Core Portfolio |
| | AB Multi-Manager Select Retirement Allocation Fund |
| | AB Multi-Manager Select 2010 Fund |
| | AB Multi-Manager Select 2015 Fund |
| | AB Multi-Manager Select 2020 Fund |
| | AB Multi-Manager Select 2025 Fund |
| | AB Multi-Manager Select 2030 Fund |
| | AB Multi-Manager Select 2035 Fund |
| | AB Multi-Manager Select 2040 Fund |
| | AB Multi-Manager Select 2045 Fund |
| | AB Multi-Manager Select 2050 Fund |
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| | AB Multi-Manager Select 2055 Fund |
| | AB Multi-Manager Select 2060 Fund |
| | AB Select US Equity Portfolio |
| | AB Select US Long/Short Portfolio |
| | AB Small Cap Growth Portfolio |
| | AB Small Cap Value Portfolio |
AB Core Opportunities Fund, Inc.
AB Discovery Growth Fund, Inc.
AB Equity Income Fund, Inc.
AB Fixed-Income Shares, Inc.
| | AB Government Money Market Portfolio |
AB Global Bond Fund, Inc.
AB Global Real Estate Investment Fund, Inc.
AB Global Risk Allocation Fund, Inc.
AB High Income Fund, Inc.
AB Large Cap Growth Fund, Inc.
AB Municipal Income Fund, Inc.
| | California Portfolio |
| | High Income Municipal Portfolio |
| | National Portfolio |
| | New York Portfolio |
AB Municipal Income Fund II
| | Arizona Portfolio |
| | Massachusetts Portfolio |
| | Minnesota Portfolio |
| | New Jersey Portfolio |
| | Ohio Portfolio |
| | Pennsylvania Portfolio |
| | Virginia Portfolio |
AB Relative Value Fund, Inc.
AB Sustainable Global Thematic Fund, Inc.
AB Sustainable International Thematic Fund, Inc.
AB Trust
| | AB Discovery Value Fund |
| | AB International Value Fund |
| | AB Value Fund |
AB Unconstrained Bond Fund, Inc.
The AB Portfolios
| | AB All Market Total Return Portfolio |
| | AB Conservative Wealth Strategy |
| | AB Growth Fund |
| | AB Tax-Managed All Market Income Portfolio |
| | AB Tax-Managed Wealth Appreciation Strategy |
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| | AB Wealth Appreciation Strategy |
Sanford C. Bernstein Fund, Inc.
| | AB Intermediate California Municipal Portfolio |
| | AB Intermediate Diversified Municipal Portfolio |
| | AB Intermediate Duration Portfolio |
| | AB Intermediate New York Municipal Portfolio |
| | AB International Portfolio |
| | AB Short Duration Portfolio |
| | AB Tax-Managed International Portfolio |
Prospectuses for the AB Mutual Funds may be obtained without charge by contacting ABIS at the address or the For Literature telephone number shown on the front cover of this SAI or on the Internet at www.allicancebernstein.com.
Cumulative Quantity Discount (Right of Accumulation). An investors purchase of additional Class A shares of the Portfolio may be combined with the value of the shareholders existing accounts, thereby enabling the shareholder to take advantage of the quantity discounts described under Alternative Purchase Arrangements. In such cases, the applicable sales charge on the newly purchased shares will be based on the total of:
| (i) | the investors current purchase; |
| (ii) | the higher of cost or NAV (at the close of business on the previous day) of (a) all shares of the Portfolio held by the investor and (b) all shares of any other AB Mutual Fund, including AllianceBernstein Institutional Funds; and |
| (iii) | the higher of cost or NAV of all shares described in paragraph (ii) owned by another shareholder eligible to combine his or her purchase with that of the investor into a single purchase (see above). |
The initial charge you pay on each purchase of Class A shares will take into account your accumulated holdings in all classes of shares of AB Mutual Funds. Your accumulated holdings will be calculated as (a) the value of your existing holdings as of the day prior to your additional investment or (b) the amount you have invested including reinvested distributions but excluding appreciation less the amount of any withdrawals, whichever is higher.
For example, if an investor owned shares of an AB Mutual Fund that were purchased for $200,000 and were worth $190,000 at their then current NAV and, subsequently, purchased Class A shares of the Portfolio worth an additional $100,000, the initial sales charge for the $100,000 purchase would be at the 2% rate applicable to a single $300,000 purchase of shares of the Portfolio, rather than the 3% rate.
Letter of Intent. Class A investors may also obtain the quantity discounts described under Alternative Purchase Arrangements by means of a written Letter of Intent, which expresses the investors intention to invest at least $100,000 in Class A shares of the Portfolio or any AB Mutual Fund within 13 months. Each purchase of shares under a Letter of Intent will be made at the public offering price or prices applicable at the time of such purchase to a single transaction of the dollar amount indicated in the Letter of Intent.
Investors qualifying for the Combined Purchase Privilege described above may purchase shares of the AB Mutual Funds under a single Letter of Intent. The AB Mutual Funds will use the higher of cost or current NAV of the investors existing investments and of those accounts with which investments are combined via Combined Purchase Privileges toward the fulfillment of the Letter of Intent. For example, if at the time an investor signs a Letter of Intent to invest at least $100,000 in Class A shares of the Portfolio, the investor and the investors spouse or domestic partner each purchase shares of the Portfolio worth $20,000 (for a total cost of $40,000), but the current NAV of all applicable accounts is $45,000 at the time a $100,000 Letter of Intent is initiated, it will only be necessary to invest a total of $55,000 during the following 13 months in shares of the Fund or any other AB Mutual Fund, to qualify for the 3.25% sales charge on the total amount being invested (the sales charge applicable to an investment of $100,000).
The Letter of Intent is not a binding obligation upon the investor to purchase the full amount indicated. The minimum initial investment under a Letter of Intent is 5% of such amount. Shares purchased with the first 5% of such amount will be held in escrow (while remaining registered in the name of the investor) to secure payment of the higher sales charge applicable to the shares actually purchased if the full amount indicated is not purchased, and such escrowed shares will be involuntarily redeemed at their then NAV to pay the additional sales charge, if necessary. Dividends on escrowed shares, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional Portfolio shares, are not subject to escrow. When the full amount indicated has been purchased, the escrow will be released.
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Investors wishing to enter into a Letter of Intent in conjunction with their initial investment in Class A shares of the Portfolio can obtain a form of Letter of Intent by contacting ABIS at the address or telephone numbers shown on the cover of this SAI.
Reinstatement Privilege. A shareholder who has redeemed any or all of his or her Class A shares of the Portfolio may reinvest all or any portion of the proceeds from that redemption in Class A shares of any AB Mutual Fund at NAV without any sales charge, provided that such reinvestment is made within 120 calendar days after the redemption or repurchase date. Shares are sold to a reinvesting shareholder at the NAV next determined as described above. A reinstatement pursuant to this privilege will not cancel the redemption or repurchase transaction; therefore, any gain or loss so realized will be recognized for federal income tax purposes except that no loss will be recognized to the extent that the proceeds are reinvested in shares of the Portfolio within 30 calendar days after the redemption or repurchase transaction. Investors may exercise the reinstatement privilege by written request sent to the Fund at the address shown on the cover of this SAI.
Dividend Reinvestment Program. Under the Portfolios Dividend Reinvestment Program, unless you specify otherwise, your dividends and distributions will be automatically reinvested in the same class of shares of the Portfolio without an initial sales charge or CDSC. If you elect to receive your distributions in cash, you will only receive a check if the distribution is equal to or exceeds $25.00. Distributions of less than $25.00 will automatically be reinvested in Portfolio shares. To receive distributions of less than $25.00 in cash, you must have bank instructions associated to your account so that distributions can be delivered to you electronically via Electronic Funds Transfer using the Automated Clearing House or ACH. If you elect to receive distributions by check, your distributions and all subsequent distributions may nonetheless be reinvested in additional shares of the Portfolio under the following circumstances:
(a) the postal service is unable to deliver your checks to your address of record and the checks are returned to the Strategys transfer agent as undeliverable; or
(b) your checks remain uncashed for nine months.
Additional shares of the Portfolio will be purchased at the then current NAV. You should contact the Portfolios transfer agent to change your distribution option. Your request to do so must be received by the transfer agent before the record date for a distribution in order to be effective for that distribution. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution checks.
Dividend Direction Plan. A shareholder who already maintains an account in more than one AB Mutual Fund may direct that income dividends and/or capital gains paid by one AB Mutual Fund be automatically reinvested, in any amount, without the payment of any sales or service charges, in shares of the same class of the other AB Mutual Fund(s). Further information can be obtained by contacting ABIS at the address or the For Literature telephone number shown on the cover of this SAI. Investors wishing to establish a dividend direction plan in connection with their initial investment should complete the appropriate section of the Mutual Fund Application. Current shareholders should contact ABIS to establish a dividend direction plan.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
General. Any shareholder who owns or purchases shares of the Portfolio having a current NAV of at least $5,000 may establish a systematic withdrawal plan under which the shareholder will periodically receive a payment in a stated amount of not less than $50 on a selected date. The $5,000 account minimum does not apply to a shareholder owning shares through an individual retirement account or other retirement plan who has attained the age of 70-1/2 who wishes to establish a systematic withdrawal plan to help satisfy a required minimum distribution. Systematic withdrawal plan participants must elect to have their dividends and distributions from the Portfolio automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Portfolio.
Shares of the Portfolio owned by a participant in the Portfolios systematic withdrawal plan will be redeemed as necessary to meet withdrawal payments and such payments will be subject to any taxes applicable to redemptions and any applicable CDSC. Shares acquired with reinvested dividends and distributions will be liquidated first to provide such withdrawal payments and thereafter other shares will be liquidated to the extent necessary, and depending upon the amount withdrawn, the investors principal may be depleted. A systematic withdrawal plan may be terminated at any time by the shareholder or the Portfolio.
Withdrawal payments will not automatically end when a shareholders account reaches a certain minimum level. Therefore, redemptions of shares under the plan may reduce or even liquidate a shareholders account and may subject the shareholder to the Portfolios involuntary redemption provisions. See Redemption and Repurchase of Shares General. Purchases of additional shares concurrently with withdrawals are undesirable because of sales charges applicable when purchases are made. While an occasional lump-sum investment may be made by a holder of Class A shares who is maintaining a systematic withdrawal plan, such investment should normally be an amount equivalent to three times the annual withdrawal or $5,000, whichever is less.
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Payments under a systematic withdrawal plan may be made by check or electronically via the ACH network. Investors wishing to establish a systematic withdrawal plan in conjunction with their initial investment in shares of the Portfolio should complete the appropriate portion of the Mutual Fund Application, while current Portfolio shareholders desiring to do so can obtain an application form by contacting ABIS at the address or the For Literature telephone number shown on the cover of this SAI.
CDSC Waiver for Class A Shares. Under a systematic withdrawal plan, up to 1% monthly, 2% bi-monthly or 3% quarterly of the value at the time of redemption of the Class A shares in a shareholders account may be redeemed free of any CDSC.
Class A shares held the longest will be redeemed first and will count toward the foregoing limitations. Redemptions in excess of those limitations will be subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC.
The CDSC is waived on redemptions of shares following the death or disability, as defined in the Code, of a shareholder.
Payments to Financial Advisors and Their Firms
Financial intermediaries market and sell shares of the Portfolio. These financial intermediaries employ financial advisors and receive compensation for selling shares of the Fund. This compensation is paid from various sources, including any sales charge, CDSC and/or Rule 12b-1 fee that you or the Fund may pay. Your individual financial advisor may receive some or all of the amounts paid to the financial intermediary that employs him or her.
In the case of Class A shares, all or a portion of the initial sales charge that you pay may be paid by ABI to financial intermediaries selling Class A shares. ABI may also pay these financial intermediaries a fee of up to 1% on purchases of $1 million or more. Additionally, up to 100% of the Rule 12b-1 fees applicable to Class A shares each year may be paid to financial intermediaries, including your financial intermediary, that sell Class A shares.
In the case of Advisor Class shares, your financial intermediary may charge ongoing fees or transactional fees. ABI may pay a portion of ticket or other transactional charges.
Your financial advisors firm receives compensation from the Fund, ABI and/or the Manager in several ways from various sources, which include some or all of the following:
| | upfront sales commissions |
| | Rule 12b-1 fees |
| | additional distribution support |
| | defrayal of costs for educational seminars and training |
| | payments related to providing recordkeeping and/or transfer agency services |
Please read the Prospectus carefully for information on this compensation.
Please also refer to Appendix BFinancial Intermediary Waivers in the Prospectus.
Other Payments for Distribution Services and Educational Support
In addition to the commissions paid to or charged by financial intermediaries at the time of sale and the fees described under Investing in the PortfolioThe Different Share Class ExpensesAsset-Based Sales Charges or Distribution and/or Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees, in the Prospectus, some or all of which may be paid to financial intermediaries (and, in turn, to your financial advisor), ABI, at its expense, currently provides additional payments to firms that sell shares of the AB Mutual Funds. Although the individual components may be higher and the total amount of payments made to each qualifying firm in any given year may vary, the total amount paid to a financial intermediary in connection with the sale of shares of the AB Mutual Funds will generally not exceed the sum of (a) 0.25% of the current years fund sales by that firm and (b) 0.10% of average daily net assets attributable to that firm over the year. These sums include payments for distribution analytical data regarding AB Mutual Fund sales by financial advisors of these firms and to reimburse directly or indirectly the costs incurred by these firms and their employees in connection with educational seminars and training efforts about the AB Mutual Funds for the firms employees and/or their clients and potential clients. The costs and expenses associated with these efforts may include travel, lodging, entertainment and meals. ABI may pay a portion of ticket or other transactional charges.
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For 2019, ABIs additional payments to these firms for distribution services and educational support related to the AB Mutual Funds are expected to be approximately 0.05% of the average monthly assets of the AB Mutual Funds, or approximately $22 million. For 2018, ABI expects to pay approximately 0.05% of the average monthly assets of the AB Mutual Funds or approximately $20 million for distribution services and educational support related to the AB Mutual Funds.
A number of factors are considered in determining the additional payments, including each firms AB Mutual Fund sales, assets and redemption rates, and the willingness and ability of the firm to give ABI access to its financial advisors for educational and marketing purposes. In some cases, firms will include the AB Mutual Funds on a preferred list. ABIs goal is to make the financial advisors who interact with current and prospective investors and shareholders more knowledgeable about the AB Mutual Funds so that they can provide suitable information and advice about the funds and related investor services.
The Fund and ABI also make payments for recordkeeping and other transfer agency services to financial intermediaries that sell AB Mutual Fund shares. Please see Expenses of the Fund Transfer Agency Agreement above. These expenses paid by the Fund are included in Other Expenses under Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses in the Prospectus.
If one mutual fund sponsor makes greater distribution assistance payments than another, your financial advisor and his or her firm may have an incentive to recommend one fund complex over another. Similarly, if your financial advisor or his or her firm receives more distribution assistance for one share class versus another, then they may have an incentive to recommend that class.
Please speak with your financial advisor to learn more about the total amounts paid to your financial advisor and his or her firm by the Fund, the Manager, ABI and by sponsors of other mutual funds he or she may recommend to you. You should also consult disclosures made by your financial advisor at the time of your purchase.
As of the date of the Prospectus, ABI anticipates that the firms that will receive additional payments for distribution services and/or educational support include:
AIG Advisor Group
American Enterprise Investment Services
AXA Advisors
Cadaret, Grant & Co.
Citigroup Global Markets
Citizens Securities
Commonwealth Financial Network
Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Co.
Institutional Cash Distributors (ICD)
John Hancock Retirement Plan Services
JP Morgan Securities
Lincoln Financial Advisors Corp.
Lincoln Financial Securities Corp.
LPL Financial
Merrill Lynch
Morgan Stanley
Northwestern Mutual Investment Services
PNC Investments
Raymond James
RBC Wealth Management
Robert W. Baird
UBS Financial Services
US Bancorp Investments
Voya Financial Partners
Waddell & Reed, Inc.
Wells Fargo Advisors
ABI does not make additional payments to financial intermediaries for distribution services or educational support.
ABI expects that additional firms may be added to this list from time to time.
Although the Fund may use brokers and dealers who sell shares of the Portfolio to effect portfolio transactions, the Fund does not consider the sale of AB Mutual Fund shares as a factor when selecting brokers and/or dealers to effect portfolio transactions.
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REDEMPTION AND REPURCHASE OF SHARES
The following information supplements that set forth in the Portfolios Prospectus under the heading Investing in the Portfolio. If you are a shareholder through an account established under a fee-based program or commission-based brokerage program, your program may impose requirements with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of Advisor Class shares that are different from those described herein. A commission or other transaction fee may be charged by your financial intermediary with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares made through such financial intermediary. Similarly, if you are a shareholder through a Group Retirement Plan, your plan may impose requirements with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares of the Portfolio that are different from those imposed below. The Fund has authorized one or more brokers to receive on its behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on the Funds behalf. In such cases, orders will receive the NAV next computed after such order is properly received by the authorized broker or designee and accepted by the Fund.
Redemption
Subject only to the limitations described below, the Funds Articles of Incorporation require that the Fund redeem the shares of the Portfolio tendered to it, as described below, at a redemption price equal to their NAV as next computed following the receipt of shares tendered for redemption in proper form. Except for any CDSC that may be applicable to Class A shares, there is no redemption charge. The Fund expects that it will typically take one to three business days following the receipt of your redemption request in proper form to pay out redemption proceeds.
However, while not expected, payment of redemption proceeds may take up to seven days after the Funds receipt of such tender for redemption. If you recently purchased your shares by check or electronic funds transfer, your redemption payment may be delayed until the Fund is reasonably satisfied that the check or electronic funds transfer has been collected (which may take up to 10 days). If a shareholder is in doubt about what documents are required by his or her fee-based program or employee benefit plan, the shareholder should contact his or her financial intermediary.
The right of redemption may not be suspended or the date of payment upon redemption postponed for more than seven days after shares are tendered for redemption, except for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings) or during which the SEC determines that trading thereon is restricted, or for any period during which an emergency (as determined by the SEC) exists as a result of which disposal by the Portfolio of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Portfolio fairly to determine the value of its net assets, or for such other periods as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of security holders of the Portfolio.
Payment of the redemption price normally will be made in cash but may be made, at the option of the Fund, in kind. No interest will accrue on uncashed redemption checks. The value of a shareholders shares on redemption or repurchase may be more or less than the cost of such shares to the shareholder, depending upon the market value of the Portfolios portfolio securities at the time of such redemption or repurchase. Redemption proceeds from Class A shares will reflect the deduction of the CDSC, if any. Payment received by a shareholder upon redemption or repurchase of his shares, assuming the shares constitute capital assets in his hands, will result in long-term or short-term capital gains (or loss) depending upon the shareholders holding period and basis in respect of the shares redeemed.
To redeem shares of the Portfolio for which no share certificates have been issued, the registered owner or owners should forward a letter to the Fund containing a request for redemption. The signature or signatures on the letter must be Medallion Signature Guaranteed.
To redeem shares of the Portfolio represented by share certificates, the investor should forward the appropriate share certificate or certificates, endorsed in blank or with blank stock powers attached, to the Fund with the request that the shares represented thereby, or a specified portion thereof, be redeemed. The stock assignment form on the reverse side of each share certificate surrendered to the Fund for redemption must be signed by the registered owner or owners exactly as the registered name appears on the face of the certificate or, alternatively, a stock power signed in the same manner may be attached to the share certificate or certificates or, where tender is made by mail, separately mailed to the Portfolio. The signature or signatures on the assignment form must be guaranteed in the manner described above.
The Portfolio may, but is not obligated to, temporarily delay the disbursement of redemption proceeds from an account held directly with the Portfolio by a Specified Adult (as defined below) if there is a reasonable belief that financial exploitation of the Specified Adult has occurred, is occurring, has been attempted, or will be attempted. The Portfolio will provide notice of this temporary delay, and it will be for an initial period of no more than 15 business days while the Fund conducts an internal review of the facts and circumstances of the suspected financial exploitation. If the internal review supports the Portfolios belief that actual or
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attempted financial exploitation has occurred or is occurring, the Portfolio may extend the hold for up to 10 additional business days. Both the initial and additional hold on the disbursement may be terminated or extended by a state regulator or an agency or court of competent jurisdiction. For purposes of this paragraph, the term Specified Adult refers to an individual who is (A) a natural person age 65 and older; or (B) a natural person age 18 and older who is reasonably believed to have a mental or physical impairment that renders the individual unable to protect his or her own interests.
Telephone Redemption by Electronic Funds Transfer. The Portfolio shareholder is entitled to request redemption by electronic funds transfer (of shares for which no share certificates have been issued) by telephone at (800) 221-5672 if the shareholder has completed the appropriate portion of the Mutual Fund Application or, if an existing shareholder has not completed this portion, by an Autosell application obtained from ABIS (except for certain omnibus accounts). A telephone redemption request by electronic funds transfer may not exceed $100,000 and must be made by 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, on a Fund business day as defined above. Proceeds of telephone redemptions will be sent by electronic funds transfer to a shareholders designated bank account at a bank selected by the shareholder that is a member of the NACHA.
Telephone Redemption by Check. The Portfolio shareholder is eligible to request redemption by check of Portfolio shares for which no stock certificates have been issued by telephone at (800) 221-5672 before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, on a Fund business day in an amount not exceeding $100,000 per day. Proceeds of such redemptions are remitted by check to the shareholders address of record. A shareholder otherwise eligible for telephone redemption by check may cancel the privilege by written instruction to ABIS, or by checking the appropriate box on the Mutual Fund Application.
Telephone Redemptions General. During periods of drastic economic, market or other developments, such as the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, it is possible that shareholders would have difficulty in reaching ABIS by telephone (although no such difficulty was apparent at any time in connection with the attacks). If a shareholder were to experience such difficulty, the shareholder should issue written instructions to ABIS at the address shown on the cover of this SAI. The Fund reserves the right to suspend or terminate its telephone redemption service at any time without notice. Telephone redemption is not available with respect to shares (i) for which certificates have been issued, (ii) held in nominee or street name accounts, (iii) held by a shareholder who has changed his or her address of record within the preceding 30 calendar days or (iv) held in any retirement plan account. Neither the Fund, the Manager, the Principal Underwriter nor ABIS will be responsible for the authenticity of telephone requests for redemptions that the Fund reasonably believes to be genuine. The Fund will employ reasonable procedures in order to verify that telephone requests for redemptions are genuine, including, among others, recording such telephone instructions and causing written confirmations of the resulting transactions to be sent to shareholders. If the Fund did not employ such procedures, it could be liable for losses arising from unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Financial intermediaries may charge a commission for handling telephone requests for redemptions.
Redemptions Through Intermediaries
Shares of the Fund may be redeemed through ABI or financial intermediaries. The redemption price will be the NAV next determined after ABI receives the request (less any applicable CDSC). Redemption requests placed through financial intermediaries before the Portfolio Closing Time, which is the close of regular trading on each day the Exchange is open (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes earlier, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading), also will be executed at NAV as determined as of the Portfolio Closing Time if received by ABI prior to a designated later time (pursuant to an operating agreement between the financial intermediary and ABI permitting such an arrangement; the designated time will vary by financial intermediary). The financial intermediary is responsible for transmitting the request to ABI on time. If the financial intermediary fails to do so, the shareholders right to receive that days closing price must be settled between the shareholder and that financial intermediary. Neither the Fund nor ABI charges a fee or commission in connection with the redemption of shares (except for any applicable CDSC). Normally, if shares of the Portfolio are offered through a financial intermediary, the redemption is settled by the shareholder as an ordinary transaction with or through that financial intermediary, who may charge the shareholder for this service.
Repurchase
The Fund may repurchase shares through the Principal Underwriter or financial intermediaries. The repurchase price will be the NAV next determined after the Principal Underwriter receives the request (less the CDSC, if any, with respect to the Class A shares), except that requests placed through financial intermediaries before the close of regular trading on the Exchange on any day will be executed at the NAV determined as of such close of regular trading on that day if received by the Principal Underwriter prior to its close of business on that day (normally 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, but sometimes earlier, as in the case of scheduled half-day trading or unscheduled suspensions of trading). The financial intermediary is responsible for transmitting the request to the Principal Underwriter by 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, (certain financial intermediaries may enter into operating agreements permitting them to transmit purchase information that was received prior to the close of business to the Principal Underwriter after 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, and receive that days NAV). If the financial intermediary fails to do so, the shareholders right to receive that days closing
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price must be settled between the shareholder and that financial intermediary. A shareholder may offer shares of the Portfolio to the Principal Underwriter either directly or through a financial intermediary. Neither the Fund nor the Principal Underwriter charges a fee or commission in connection with the repurchase of shares (except for the CDSC, if any, with respect to Class A shares). Normally, if shares of the Portfolio are offered through a financial intermediary, the repurchase is settled by the shareholder as an ordinary transaction with or through the financial intermediary, who may charge the shareholder for this service. The repurchase of shares of the Portfolio as described above with respect to financial intermediaries is a voluntary service of the Fund and the Fund may suspend or terminate this practice at any time.
General
The Fund reserves the right to close out an account that has remained below $500 for 90 days. No CDSC will be deducted from the proceeds of this redemption. In the case of a redemption or repurchase of shares of the Portfolio recently purchased by check, redemption proceeds will not be made available until the Fund is reasonably assured that the check has cleared, normally up to 15 calendar days following the purchase date.
The following information supplements that set forth in the Portfolios Prospectus under the heading Investing in the Portfolio. The shareholder services set forth below are applicable to all classes of shares of the Portfolio unless otherwise indicated.
If you are a shareholder through an account established under a fee-based program or commission-based program or a shareholder in a Group Retirement Plan, your fee-based program, commission-based program or retirement plan may impose requirements with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares of the Portfolio that are different from those described herein. A commission or other transaction fee may be charged by your financial intermediary with respect to the purchase, sale or exchange of shares made through such intermediary.
Automatic Investment Program
Investors may purchase shares of the Portfolio through an automatic investment program utilizing electronic funds transfer drawn on the investors own bank account. Under such a program, pre-authorized monthly drafts for a fixed amount (at least $50) are used to purchase shares through the financial intermediary designated by the investor at the public offering price next determined after the Principal Underwriter receives the proceeds from the investors bank. In electronic form, drafts can be made on or about a date each month selected by the shareholder. Investors wishing to establish an automatic investment program in connection with their initial investment should complete the appropriate portion of the Mutual Fund Application. Current shareholders should contact ABIS at the address or telephone numbers shown on the cover of this SAI to establish an automatic investment program.
Shareholders committed to monthly investments of $25 or more through the Automatic Investment Program by October 15, 2004 are able to continue their program despite the $50 monthly minimum.
Exchange Privilege
You may exchange your investment in the Portfolio for shares of the same class of other AB Mutual if the other AB Mutual Fund in which you wish to invest offers shares of the same class and you meet the eligibility requirements for that class of shares in the Portfolio you are exchanging into. In addition, (i) present officers and full-time employees of the Manager, (ii) present Directors or Trustees of any AB Mutual Fund, (iii) certain employee benefit plans for employees of the Manager, ABI, ABIS and their affiliates and (iv) certain persons participating in a fee-based program, sponsored and maintained by a registered broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and approved by ABI, under which such persons pay an asset-based fee for service in the nature of investment advisory or administrative services may, on a tax-free basis, exchange Class A shares of the Portfolio for Advisor Class shares of the Portfolio. Exchanges of shares are made at the NAV next determined and without sales or service charges. Exchanges may be made by telephone or written request. In order to receive a days NAV, ABIS must receive and confirm a telephone exchange request by 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on that day.
Shares will continue to age without regard to exchanges for purpose of determining the CDSC, if any, upon redemption.
Please read carefully the prospectus of the AB Mutual Fund into which you are exchanging before submitting the request. Call ABIS at (800) 221-5672 to exchange uncertificated shares. Except with respect to exchanges of Class A shares of the Portfolio for Advisor Class shares, exchanges of shares as described above in this section are taxable transactions for federal income tax purposes. The exchange service may be modified, restricted or terminated on 60 days written notice.
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All exchanges are subject to the minimum investment and eligibility requirements, as well as any other applicable terms set forth in the prospectus for the AB Mutual Fund whose shares are being acquired. An exchange is effected through the redemption of the shares tendered for exchange and the purchase of shares being acquired at their respective NAVs as next determined following receipt by the AB Mutual Fund whose shares are being exchanged of (i) proper instructions and all necessary supporting documents as described in such funds prospectus, or (ii) a telephone request for such exchange in accordance with the procedures set forth in the following paragraph. Exchanges of shares of AB Mutual Funds will generally result in the realization of a capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes.
The Portfolio shareholder and the shareholders financial intermediary are authorized to make telephone requests for exchanges unless ABIS receives written instruction to the contrary from the shareholder, or the shareholder declines the privilege by checking the appropriate box on the Mutual Fund Application. Such telephone requests cannot be accepted with respect to shares then represented by share certificates. Shares acquired pursuant to a telephone request for exchange will be held under the same account registration as the shares redeemed through such exchange.
Eligible shareholders desiring to make an exchange should telephone ABIS with their account number and other details of the exchange, at (800) 221-5672 before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, on a Fund business day as defined above. Telephone requests for exchange received before 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, on a Fund business day will be processed as of the close of business on that day. During periods of drastic economic, market or other developments, it is possible that shareholders would have difficulty in reaching ABIS by telephone. If a shareholder were to experience such difficulty, the shareholder should issue written instructions to ABIS at the address shown on the cover of this SAI.
A shareholder may elect to initiate a monthly Auto Exchange whereby a specified dollar amounts worth of his or her Portfolio shares (minimum $25) is automatically exchanged for shares of another AB Mutual Fund. Auto Exchange transactions normally occur on the 12th day of each month, or the Fund business day prior thereto.
None of the AB Mutual Funds, the Manager, the Principal Underwriter or ABIS will be responsible for the authenticity of telephone requests for exchanges that the Fund reasonably believes to be genuine. The Fund will employ reasonable procedures in order to verify that telephone requests for exchanges are genuine, including, among others, recording such telephone instructions and causing written confirmations of the resulting transactions to be sent to shareholders. If the Fund did not employ such procedures, it could be liable for losses arising from unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. Financial intermediaries may charge a commission for handling telephone requests for exchanges.
The exchange privilege is available only in states where shares of the AB Mutual Fund being acquired may legally be sold. Each AB Mutual Fund reserves the right, at any time on 60 days notice to its shareholders, to reject any order to acquire its shares through exchange or otherwise modify, restrict or terminate the exchange privilege.
Statements and Reports
Each shareholder of the Portfolio receives semi-annual and annual reports which include a portfolio of investments, financial statements and, in the case of the annual report, the report of the Funds independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, as well as a cumulative dividend statement and a confirmation of each purchase and redemption. By contacting his or her financial intermediary or ABIS, a shareholder can arrange for copies of his or her account statements to be sent to another person.
Shareholder Services Applicable to Class A Shareholders Only
Checkwriting. A new Class A investor may fill out the Signature Card which is included in the Prospectus to authorize the Fund to arrange for a checkwriting service through State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street) to draw against Class A shares of the Portfolio redeemed from the investors account. Under this service, checks may be made payable to any payee in any amount not less than $500 and not more than 90% of the NAV of the Class A shares in the investors account (excluding for this purpose the current months accumulated dividends and shares for which certificates have been issued). A Class A shareholder wishing to establish this checkwriting service subsequent to the opening of his or her Portfolio account should contact the Fund by telephone or mail. Corporations, fiduciaries and institutional investors are required to furnish a certified resolution or other evidence of authorization. This checkwriting service will be subject to State Streets customary rules and regulations governing checking accounts, and the Fund and State Street each reserve the right to change or suspend the checkwriting service. There is no charge to the shareholder for the initiation and maintenance of this service or for the clearance of any checks.
When a check is presented to State Street for payment, State Street, as the shareholders agent, causes the Fund to redeem, at the NAV next determined, a sufficient number of full and fractional shares of the Portfolio in the shareholders account to cover the
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check. Because the level of net assets in a shareholders account constantly changes due, among various factors, to market fluctuations, a shareholder should not attempt to close his or her account by use of a check. In this regard, State Street has the right to return checks (marked insufficient funds) unpaid to the presenting bank if the amount of the check exceeds 90% of the assets in the account. Canceled (paid) checks are returned to the shareholder. The checkwriting service enables the shareholder to receive the daily dividends declared on the shares to be redeemed until the day that the check is presented to State Street for payment.
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
The Fund intends the Portfolio to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. As a regulated investment company, the Portfolio will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable net investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, the Portfolio must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its investment company taxable income, plus or minus certain adjustments, and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. The Portfolio will be subject to income tax at regular corporation rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its registered holders of its shares.
The Portfolio intends to distribute to the registered holders of their shares all of their net investment income, which includes dividends and interest as well as net short-term capital gains, if any, in excess of any net long-term capital losses and any net long-term capital gains, if any, in excess of any net short-term capital losses. The Code requires all regulated investment companies (such as the Portfolio) to pay a nondeductible 4% excise tax to the extent the regulated investment company does not distribute 98% of its ordinary income, determined on a calendar-year basis, and 98.2% of its capital gains, determined, in general, as if a taxable year ends on October 31. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by the Portfolio that is subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year-end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. The Portfolio intends to distribute its income and capital gains in the manner necessary to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax. The current policy of the Portfolio is to declare ordinary income dividends daily and pay them monthly and to pay capital-gains distributions annually. In determining amounts of capital gains to be distributed, generally any capital loss carryovers from prior periods are offset against capital gains. Funds are permitted to carry forward capital losses incurred in taxable years post-2010 for an indefinite period. These post-2010 capital losses must be utilized prior to the pre-2011 capital losses, which are subject to expiration. Post-2010 capital loss carryforwards will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses rather than being considered short-term as under previous regulation.
Gains or losses on sales of securities by the Portfolio are long-term capital gains or losses to the Portfolio if the securities have been held for more than one year. Other gains or losses on the sale of securities are short-term capital gains or losses. Special rules applicable to gains and losses on futures and options are discussed below.
Dividends paid by the Portfolio, if any, with respect to Class A and Advisor Class shares will be calculated in the same manner at the same time on the same day and will be in the same amount, except that any distribution services fees and any transfer agency costs relating to a class will be borne exclusively by the class to which they relate.
The Portfolio intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under the requirements of the Code for each taxable year. Currently, in order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Portfolio must generally, among other things, (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, gains from the sale of securities or foreign currencies, currencies and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains, and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income), and certain other related income (the 90% test); and (ii) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (a) at least 50% of the market value of the Portfolios total assets is represented by cash, securities of other regulated investment companies, U.S. government securities and other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the Portfolios assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer, other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies, or the securities of two or more issuers of which the Portfolio owns 20% or more of the voting stock and that are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the diversification requirements). It is possible that certain partnerships in which the Portfolio may invest could be considered qualified publicly traded partnerships and, therefore, the extent to which the Portfolio may invest in partnerships, including master limited partnerships, is limited by its intention to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code. In addition, although the passive loss rules of the Code do not generally apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. Portfolio investments in partnerships, including in qualified publicly traded partnerships, may result in the Portfolios being subject to state, local or foreign income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
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If, in any taxable year, the Portfolio fails to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code or fails to meet the distribution requirement, it will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by the Portfolio in computing its taxable income. In addition, in the event of a failure to qualify, the Portfolios distributions, to the extent derived from the Portfolios current or accumulated earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, will be taxable to shareholders as dividend income. However, such dividends will be eligible (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. Moreover, if the Portfolio fails to qualify as a regulated investment company in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a regulated investment company. If the Portfolio fails to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the Portfolio may be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gains, including items of income, over aggregate losses that would have been realized with respect to such assets if the Portfolio had been liquidated) if it qualifies as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.
In certain situations, the Portfolio may, for a taxable year, defer all or a portion of its net capital loss (or if there is no net capital loss, then any net long-term or short-term capital loss) realized after October and its late-year ordinary loss (defined as the excess of post-October foreign currency and passive foreign investment company (PFIC) losses and other post-December ordinary losses over post-October foreign currency and PFIC gains and other post-December ordinary income) until the next taxable year in computing its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, which will defer the recognition of such realized losses. Such deferrals and other rules regarding gains and losses realized after October (or December) may affect the tax character of shareholder distributions.
Dividends and other distributions by the Portfolio are generally treated under the Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, any dividend or distribution declared by the Portfolio in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month shall be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year and to have been paid by the Portfolio not later than such December 31, provided such dividend is actually paid by the Portfolio during January of the following calendar year.
Distributions of investment company taxable income and net capital gains are taxable to shareholders subject to federal income tax regardless of whether the shareholder receives such distributions in additional shares or in cash. Distributions of net long-term capital gains, if any, are taxable as long-term capital gains, regardless of whether the shareholder receives such distributions in additional shares or in cash or how long the investor has held his shares. All other dividends paid by the Portfolio (including dividends from short-term capital gains) from its current and accumulated earnings and profits (regular dividends) are generally subject to tax as ordinary income.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, the Portfolio may make or receive periodic net payments. The Portfolio may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute taxable ordinary income or loss, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Portfolio has been a party to the swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, the Portfolio may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.
We will send you information after the end of each year setting forth the amount of dividends and long-term capital gains distributed to you during the prior year.
If an individual receives a regular dividend qualifying for the long-term capital gains rates and such dividend constitutes an extraordinary dividend, and the individual subsequently recognizes a loss on the sale or exchange of stock in respect of which the extraordinary dividend was paid, then the loss will be long-term capital loss to the extent of such extraordinary dividend. An extraordinary dividend on common stock for this purpose is generally a dividend (i) in an amount greater than or equal to 10% of the taxpayers tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within an 85-day period or (ii) in an amount greater than 20% of the taxpayers tax basis (or trading value) in a share of stock, aggregating dividends with ex-dividend dates within a 365-day period.
Distributions in excess of the Portfolios current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a shareholders basis in his shares of the Portfolio, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds his shares of the Portfolio as capital assets). Shareholders receiving dividends or distributions in the form of additional shares should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholders receiving cash dividends or distributions will receive, and should have a cost basis in the shares received equal to such amount. Dividends paid by the Portfolio that are attributable to dividends received by the Portfolio from domestic corporations may qualify for the federal dividends-received deduction for corporations.
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Investors considering buying shares just prior to a dividend or capital gain distribution should be aware that, although the price of shares just purchased at that time may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution, such dividend or distribution may nevertheless be taxable to them. If the Portfolio is the holder of record of any stock on the record date for any dividends payable with respect to such stock, such dividends will be included in the Portfolios gross income not as of the date received but as of the later of (a) the date such stock became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends (i.e., the date on which a buyer of the stock would not be entitled to receive the declared, but unpaid, dividends) or (b) the date the Portfolio acquired such stock. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, the Portfolio may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.
The Portfolio may invest in debt securities issued at a discount or providing for deferred interest, which may result in income to the Portfolio equal, generally, to a portion of the excess of the face value of the securities over their issue price (original issue discount) each year that the securities are held, even though the Portfolio receives no actual interest payments thereon. Original issue discount is treated as income earned by the Portfolio and, therefore, is subject to distribution requirements of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies. Since the original issue discount income earned by the Portfolio in a taxable year may not be represented by cash income, the Portfolio may have to dispose of securities, which it might otherwise have continued to hold, or for the Short Duration Portfolio, borrow, to generate cash in order to satisfy its distribution requirements. In addition, the Portfolios investments in contingent payment and inflation indexed debt instruments may increase or accelerate the Portfolios recognition of income, including the recognition of income in excess of cash generated by such investments.
The Portfolio may be required to treat amounts as taxable income or gain, subject to the distribution requirements referred to above, even though no corresponding amounts of cash are received concurrently, as a result of the tax rules applicable to debt obligations acquired with market discount if an election is made with respect to such market discount.
Gain or loss realized by the Portfolio from a closing transaction with respect to options written by the Portfolio, or gain from the lapse of any such option, will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Gain or loss realized by the Portfolio from options (other than options that are Section 1256 contracts, as described below) purchased by the Portfolio, as well as loss attributable to the lapse of such options, will be treated as capital gain or loss. Such capital gain or loss will be long-term or short-term depending upon whether the Portfolio held the particular option for more than one year.
The Code includes special rules applicable to certain forward contracts and to certain exchange-listed options, futures contracts and options on futures contracts which the Portfolio may write, purchase or sell. Such forward contracts, options and futures contracts are classified as Section 1256 contracts under the Code. The gain or loss resulting from the sale, disposition, closing out, expiration or other termination of Section 1256 contracts (other than certain foreign currency forward options and futures contracts, as discussed below), generally is treated as long-term capital gain or loss taxable at the lower capital-gains tax rate to the extent of 60% thereof and short-term capital gain or loss to the extent of 40% thereof. These contracts, when held by the Portfolio at the end of a fiscal year (or, for purposes of the excise tax, at the end of a period ending on October 31) generally are required to be treated for federal income tax purposes as sold at fair market value on the last business day of the fiscal year (marked to market). Any net mark-to-market gains may have to be distributed to satisfy the distribution requirements referred to above even though the Portfolio may receive no corresponding cash amounts, possibly requiring the disposition of portfolio securities or borrowing to obtain the necessary cash.
Certain Section 1256 contracts and certain other transactions undertaken by the Portfolio may result in straddles for federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of gains (or losses) realized by the Portfolio. In addition, losses realized by the Portfolio on positions that are part of a straddle may be deferred under the straddle rules, rather than being taken into account in calculating the taxable income for the taxable year in which such losses are realized. Further, the Portfolio may be required to capitalize, rather than deduct currently, any interest expense on indebtedness incurred to purchase or carry any positions that are part of a straddle. Because only a few regulations implementing the straddle rules have been promulgated, the tax consequences of straddle transactions to the Portfolio are not entirely clear. The straddle transactions may increase the amount of short-term capital gain recognized by the Portfolio. The Portfolio may make one or more of the elections available under the Code which are applicable to straddles. If the Portfolio makes any such elections, the amount, character and timing of the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions will be determined under rules that vary according to the election(s) made. The rules applicable under certain of the elections may accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions. Because application of the straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses, defer and/or accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions and require the capitalization of interest expense, the amount which must be distributed to shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain by the Portfolio may be increased or decreased substantially as compared to the Portfolio that did not engage in such hedging transactions.
The diversification requirements applicable to the Portfolios assets and other restrictions imposed on the Portfolio by the Code may limit the extent to which the Portfolio will be able to engage in transactions in forward contracts, options, futures contracts or options on futures contracts.
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Under Code Section 988, foreign currency gains or losses from certain foreign currency contracts (such as forward futures and option contracts) that are not Section 1256 contracts will generally be treated as ordinary income or loss; however, the Portfolio may, under certain circumstances, make an election pursuant to Section 988(a)(1)(B) to treat such gain or loss as a capital gain or loss. In general, in the event such election is made, treatment of a gain or loss as long-term or short-term will depend upon the Portfolios holding period with respect to such contracts. Gains or losses on the disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security and the date of disposition are generally treated as ordinary income or loss. Also, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates which occur between the time the Portfolio accrues interest or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Portfolio actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities generally are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. The gains or losses described above that are treated as ordinary income or loss may increase or decrease the amount of the Portfolios investment company taxable income to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income. Additionally, if Code Section 988 ordinary losses exceed other investment company taxable income during a taxable year, the Portfolio would not be able to make any ordinary dividend distributions, and any distributions made before the losses were realized but in the same taxable year would be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders, thereby reducing each shareholders basis in the shares.
Income received by the Portfolio in respect of foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes.
Certain types of income received by the Portfolio from REITs, REMICs, taxable mortgage pools or other investments may cause the Portfolio to report some or all of its distributions as excess inclusion income. To Portfolio shareholders such excess inclusion income may (1) constitute taxable income, as unrelated business taxable income for those shareholders who would otherwise be tax-exempt such as individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, Keogh plans, pension plans and certain charitable entities; (2) not be offset against net operating losses for tax purposes; (3) not be eligible for reduced U.S. withholding for non-U.S. shareholders even from tax treaty countries; and (4) cause the Portfolio to be subject to tax if certain disqualified organizations as defined by the Code are Portfolio shareholders.
Upon the sale or exchange of his shares, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and his basis in his shares. A redemption of shares by the Portfolio will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholders hands and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including replacement through the reinvesting of dividends and capital gains distributions in the Portfolio, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of the Portfolio share held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder with respect to such share. If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of the Portfolio, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then acquires, before January 31 of the following year, shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain/loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis of the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents a shareholder from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting his or her investment within a family of mutual funds.
Under Treasury Regulations, the Portfolio is currently required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 24% of dividend and capital-gains income from the accounts of certain U.S. shareholders unless such U.S. shareholders provide their correct taxpayer identification number (TIN) and otherwise comply with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A U.S. shareholder who does not provide his correct TIN may be subject to penalties imposed by the Internal Revenue Service (the IRS). Certain shareholders are exempt from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholders U.S. federal income tax liability.
If the Portfolio were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC as a qualified electing fund under the Code, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Portfolio might be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Portfolio, and such amounts would be subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. In order to make this election, the Portfolio would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain.
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Shareholders will receive, if appropriate, various written notices after the close of the Portfolios taxable year regarding the U.S. federal income tax status of certain dividends, distributions and deemed distributions that were paid (or that are treated as having been paid) by the Portfolio to its shareholders during the preceding taxable year.
Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholders particular situation.
If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Portfolios shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayers treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
A 3.8 percent Medicare contribution tax is imposed on net investment income, including interest, dividends, and capital gain, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married filing jointly), and of estates and trusts.
A foreign shareholder generally is subject to dividend tax withholding at the 30% rate or at a lower applicable treaty rate on ordinary income dividends from the Portfolio. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholders conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional branch profits tax imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN, IRS Form W-8BEN-E or other applicable form may be subject to backup withholding at the appropriate rate.
In general, U.S. federal withholding tax will not apply to any gain or income realized by a non-U.S. shareholder in respect of any distributions of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses, exempt-interest dividends, or upon the sale or other disposition of shares of the Portfolio.
Distributions that the Portfolio reports as short-term capital gain dividends or long-term capital gain dividends will not be treated as such to a recipient foreign shareholder if the distribution is attributable to gain from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property or an interest in a U.S. real property holding corporation (including a REIT dividend attributable to such gain) and the Portfolios direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property exceeded certain levels. Instead, if the foreign shareholder has not owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio at any time during the one year period ending on the date of distribution, such distributions will be subject to 30% withholding by the Portfolio and will be treated as ordinary dividends to the foreign shareholder; if the foreign shareholder owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio at any time during the one year period ending on the date of the distribution, such distribution will be treated as real property gain subject to 21% withholding tax and could subject the foreign shareholder to U.S. filing requirements. Additionally, if the Portfolios direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, a foreign shareholder realizing gains upon redemption from the Portfolio could be subject to the 21% withholding tax and U.S. filing requirements unless the foreign person had not held more than 5% of the Portfolios outstanding shares throughout either such persons holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years.
The rules laid out in the previous paragraph, other than the withholding rules, will apply notwithstanding a foreign shareholders participation or the Portfolios participation in a wash sale transaction or the payment of a substitute dividend.
Separately, a 30% withholding tax is currently imposed on dividends, interest and other income items paid to (i) foreign financial institutions including non-U.S. investment funds unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders and (ii) certain other foreign entities unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information including the names, addresses and TINs of direct and indirect U.S. account holders, comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts, report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained, agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information, and determine certain other information as to their account holders, or (ii) in the event that an applicable intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other foreign entities will need to provide the name, address, and TIN of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership unless certain exceptions apply.
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Shares of the Portfolio held by a non-U.S. shareholder at death will be considered situated within the United States and subject to the U.S. estate tax, if applicable.
The discussion in the Prospectus, together with the foregoing, is a general summary of the tax consequences of investments in the Portfolio. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors to determine the effect of investments in the Portfolio upon their individual tax situations.
Cost Basis Reporting. Mutual funds are required to report to the Internal Revenue Service the cost basis of shares acquired by a shareholder on or after January 1, 2012 (covered shares) and subsequently redeemed. These requirements do not apply to investments through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement plan. The cost basis of a share is generally its purchase price adjusted for dividends, return of capital, and other corporate actions. Cost basis is used to determine whether a sale of the shares results in a gain or loss. The amount of gain or loss recognized by a shareholder on the sale or redemption of shares is generally the difference between the cost basis of such shares and their sale price. If you redeem covered shares during any year, then the Portfolio will report the cost basis of such covered shares to the IRS and you on Form 1099-B along with the gross proceeds received on the redemption, the gain or loss realized on such redemption and the holding period on the redeemed shares.
Your cost basis in your covered shares is permitted to be calculated using any one of three alternative methods: Average Cost, First In-First Out (FIFO) and Specific Share Identification. You may elect which method you want to use by notifying the Portfolio. This election may be revoked or changed by you at any time up to the date of your first redemption of covered shares. If you do not affirmatively elect a cost basis method then the Portfolios default cost basis calculation method, which is currently the Average Cost method will be applied to your account(s). The default method will also be applied to all new accounts established unless otherwise requested.
If you hold Portfolio shares through a broker (or other nominee), please contact that broker (nominee) with respect to the reporting of cost basis and available elections for your account.
You are encouraged to consult your tax advisor regarding the application of the new cost basis reporting rules and, in particular, which cost basis calculation method you should elect.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
Subject to the general oversight of the Directors, the Manager is responsible for the investment decisions and the placing of orders for portfolio transactions for the Portfolio. The Manager determines the broker or dealer to be used in each specific transaction with the objective of negotiating a combination of the most favorable commission (for transactions on which a commission is payable) and the best price obtainable on each transaction (generally defined as best execution). In connection with seeking best price and execution, the Portfolio does not consider sales of shares of the Portfolio or other investment companies managed by the Manager as a factor in the selection of brokers and dealers to effect portfolio transactions and has adopted a policy and procedures reasonably designed to preclude such considerations.
When consistent with the objective of obtaining best execution, brokerage may be directed to persons or firms supplying investment information to the Manager. There may be occasions where the transaction cost charged by a broker may be greater than that which another broker may charge if the Portfolio determines in good faith that the amount of such transaction cost is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage, research and statistical services provided by the executing broker.
Neither the Portfolio nor the Manager has entered into agreements or understandings with any brokers regarding the placement of securities transactions because of research services they provide. To the extent that such persons or firms supply investment information to the Manager for use in rendering investment advice to the Portfolio, such information may be supplied at no cost to the Manager and, therefore, may have the effect of reducing the expenses of the Manager in rendering advice to the Portfolio. While it is impossible to place an actual dollar value on such investment information, the Manager believes that its receipt probably does not reduce the overall expenses of the Manager to any material extent.
The investment information provided to the Manager is of the type described in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is designed to augment the Managers own internal research and investment strategy capabilities. Research services furnished by brokers through which the Portfolio effects securities transactions are used by the Manager in carrying out its investment management responsibilities with respect to all its clients accounts but not all such services may be used by the Manager in connection with the Portfolio.
The extent to which commissions that will be charged by broker-dealers selected by the Portfolio may reflect an element of value for research cannot presently be determined. To the extent that research services of value are provided by broker-dealers with or
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through whom the Portfolio places portfolio transactions, the Manager may be relieved of expenses which it might otherwise bear. Research services furnished by broker-dealers as a result of the placement of portfolio transactions could be useful and of value to the Manager in servicing its other clients as well as the Portfolio; on the other hand, certain research services obtained by the Manager as a result of the placement of portfolio brokerage of other clients could be useful and of value to it in servicing the Portfolio.
The Portfolio may deal in some instances in securities which are not listed on a national securities exchange but are traded in the OTC market. It may also purchase listed securities through the third market, i.e., from a dealer that is not a member of the exchange on which a security is listed. Where transactions are executed in the OTC market or third market, the Portfolio will seek to deal with the primary market makers; but when necessary in order to obtain best execution, they will utilize the services of others. In all cases, the Portfolio will attempt to negotiate best execution.
Transactions for the Portfolio in fixed-income securities, including transactions in listed securities, are executed in the OTC market by approximately fifteen principal market maker dealers with whom the Manager maintains regular contact. These transactions will generally be principal transactions at net prices and the Portfolio will incur little or no brokerage costs. Where possible, securities will be purchased directly from the issuer or from an underwriter or market maker for the securities unless the Manager believes a better price and execution is available elsewhere. Purchases from underwriters of newly-issued securities for inclusion in a portfolio usually will include a concession paid to the underwriter by the issuer and purchases from dealers serving as market makers will include the spread between the bid and asked price.
Investment decisions for the Portfolio are made independently from those for other investment companies and other advisory accounts managed by the Manager. It may happen, on occasion, that the same security is held in the portfolio of the Portfolio and one or more of such other companies or accounts. Simultaneous transactions are likely when several funds or accounts are managed in accordance with a similar strategy by the Manager, particularly when a security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one of such companies or accounts. When two or more companies or accounts managed by the Manager are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the transactions are allocated to the respective companies or accounts both as to amount and price, in accordance with a method deemed equitable to each company or account. In some cases this system may adversely affect the price paid or received by the Portfolio or the size of the position obtainable for the Portfolio. Allocations are made by the Manager. Purchases and sales of portfolio securities are determined by the Manager and are placed with broker-dealers by the order department for the Manager.
The Manager continuously monitors and evaluates the performance and execution capabilities of brokers that transact orders for the Portfolio to ensure consistent quality executions. This information is reported to the Managers Brokerage Allocation Committee and Best Execution Committee, which oversee broker-selection issues. In addition, the Manager periodically reviews the Portfolios transaction costs in light of current market circumstances using internal tools and analysis as well as statistical analysis and other relevant information from external vendors.
The Portfolio may, from time to time, place orders for the purchase or sale of securities (including listed call options) with SCB & Co. (Bernstein LLC), and SCB Limited (Bernstein Limited, a United Kingdom broker-dealer), affiliates of the Manager (the Affiliated Brokers). In such instances, the placement of orders with the Affiliated Brokers would be consistent with the Portfolios objective of obtaining best execution and would not be dependent upon the fact that the Affiliated Brokers are affiliates of the Manager. With respect to orders placed with the Affiliated Brokers for execution on a national securities exchange, commissions received must conform to Section 17(e)(2)(A) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17e-1 thereunder, which permit an affiliated person of a registered investment company (such as the Fund), or any affiliated person of such person, to receive a brokerage commission from such registered investment company provided that such commission is reasonable and fair compared to the commissions received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities during a comparable period of time.
The amount of aggregate brokerage commissions paid by the Portfolio, the related commissions allocated to persons or firms because of research services provided to the Portfolio or the Manager and the aggregate amount of brokerage transactions allocated to persons or firms because of research services provided to the Portfolio or the Manager during the three most recent fiscal years are as follows:
| Portfolio |
Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid |
Commissions Allocated to Persons or Firms Because of Research Services Provided to the Portfolio or the Manager |
Aggregate Amount of Brokerage Transactions Allocated to Persons or Firms Because of Research Services Provided to the Portfolio or the Manager |
|||||||||
| Intermediate Duration Portfolio |
||||||||||||
| Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2016 |
$ | 120,328 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
| Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2017 |
$ | 131,491 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
| Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018 |
$ | 128,723 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
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The Portfolio may from time to time place orders for the purchase or sale of securities with the Affiliated Brokers. In such instances the placement of orders with the Affiliated Brokers would be consistent with the Portfolios objective of obtaining best execution and would not be dependent upon the fact that the Affiliated Brokers are affiliates of the Manager. With respect to orders placed with Affiliated Brokers for execution on a national securities exchange, commissions received must conform to Section 17(e)(2)(A) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17e-1 thereunder, which permit an affiliated person of a registered investment company (such as the Portfolio), or any affiliated person of such person, to receive a brokerage commission from such registered investment company provided that such commission is reasonable and fair compared to the commissions received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities during a comparable period of time.
For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Portfolio did not pay brokerage commissions to Affiliated Brokers.
As of the end of the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio did not own securities of its regular brokers or dealers (as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act) or their parents.
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
The Fund believes that the ideas of the Managers investment staff should benefit the Portfolio and its shareholders, and does not want to afford speculators an opportunity to profit by anticipating Portfolio trading strategies or using Portfolio information for stock picking. However, the Fund also believes that knowledge of the Portfolios holdings can assist shareholders in monitoring their investment, making asset allocation decisions, and evaluating portfolio management techniques.
The Manager has adopted, on behalf of the Portfolio, policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Portfolios securities. The policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Portfolios securities are designed to allow disclosure of portfolio holdings information where necessary to the operation of the Portfolio or useful to the Portfolios shareholders without compromising the integrity or performance of the Portfolio. Except when there are legitimate business purposes for selective disclosure and other conditions (designed to protect the Portfolio and its shareholders) are met, the Portfolio does not provide or permit others to provide information about the Portfolios holdings on a selective basis.
The Portfolio includes portfolio holdings information as required in regulatory filings and shareholder reports, discloses portfolio holdings information as required by federal or state securities laws and may disclose portfolio holdings information in response to requests by governmental authorities. In addition, the Manager may post portfolio holdings information on the Managers website (www.alliancebernstein.com). The Manager generally posts on the website a complete schedule of the Portfolios securities, generally as of the last day of each calendar month, approximately 30 days after the end of that month. This posted information generally remains accessible on the website for three months. For each portfolio security, the posted information includes its name, the number of shares held by the Portfolio, the market value of the Portfolios holdings, and the percentage of the Portfolios assets represented by the Portfolios holdings. In addition to the schedule of portfolio holdings, the Manager may post information about the number of securities the Fund holds, a summary of the Portfolios top ten holdings (including name and the percentage of the Portfolios assets invested in each holding), and a percentage breakdown of the Portfolios investments by country, sector and industry, as applicable approximately 10-15 days after the end of the month. The day after portfolio holdings information is publicly available on the website, it may be mailed, e-mailed or otherwise transmitted to any person.
The Manager may distribute or authorize the distribution of information about the Portfolios holdings that is not publicly available, on the website or otherwise, to the Managers employees and affiliates that provide services to the Fund. In addition, the Manager may distribute or authorize distribution of information about the Portfolios holdings that is not publicly available, on the website or otherwise, to the Funds service providers who require access to the information in order to fulfill their contractual duties relating to the Portfolio, to facilitate the review of the Portfolio by rating agencies, for the purpose of due diligence regarding a merger or acquisition, or for the purpose of effecting in-kind redemption of securities to facilitate orderly redemption of portfolio assets and minimal impact on remaining Portfolio shareholders. The Manager does not expect to disclose information about the Portfolios holdings that is not publicly available to the Portfolios individual or institutional investors or to intermediaries that distribute the Portfolios shares. Information may be disclosed with any frequency and any lag, as appropriate.
Before any non-public disclosure of information about the Portfolios holdings is permitted, however, the Managers Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) must determine that the Portfolio has a legitimate business purpose for providing the portfolio holdings information, that the disclosure is in the best interests of the Portfolios shareholders, and that the recipient agrees or has a
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duty to keep the information confidential and agrees not to trade directly or indirectly based on the information or to use the information to form a specific recommendation about whether to invest in the Portfolio or any other security. Under no circumstances may the Manager or its affiliates receive any consideration or compensation for disclosing the information.
The Manager has established procedures to ensure that the Portfolio holdings information is only disclosed in accordance with these policies. Only the Managers Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) may approve the disclosure, and then only if he or she and a designated senior officer in the Managers product management group determines that the disclosure serves a legitimate business purpose of the Portfolio and is in the best interest of the Portfolios shareholders. The Managers Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) approves disclosure only after considering the anticipated benefits and costs to the Portfolio and its shareholders, the purpose of the disclosure, any conflicts of interest between the interests of the Portfolio and its shareholders and the interests of the Manager or any of its affiliates, and whether the disclosure is consistent with the policies and procedures governing disclosure. Only someone approved by the Managers Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) may make approved disclosures of portfolio holdings information to authorized recipients. The Manager reserves the right to request certifications from senior officers of authorized recipients that the recipient is using the portfolio holdings information only in a manner consistent with the Managers policy and any applicable confidentiality agreement. The Managers Chief Compliance Officer (or his designee) or another member of the compliance team reports all arrangements to disclose portfolio holdings information to the Funds Board on a quarterly basis. If the Board determines that disclosure was inappropriate, the Manager will promptly terminate the disclosure arrangement.
In accordance with these procedures, each of the following third parties have been approved to receive information concerning the Portfolios holdings: (i) the Funds independent registered public accounting firm, for use in providing audit opinions; (ii) RR Donnelley Financial, Data Communique International and, from time to time, other financial printers, for the purpose of preparing the Portfolios regulatory filings; (iii) the Funds custodian in connection with its custody of the Portfolios assets; (iv) Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. for proxy voting services; and (v) data aggregators, such as Vestek. Information may be provided to these parties at any time with no time lag. Each of these parties is contractually and ethically prohibited from sharing the Portfolios holdings information unless specifically authorized.
Tax Management
Bernstein provides certain tax management services to private clients that invest in the Portfolio through investment programs administered by Bernstein. As part of such services, Bernstein conducts year-end tax trading on behalf of these private clients to offset capital gains taxes where possible, which may result in buying and selling shares in one or more of the Portfolio which could in turn result in the Portfolio experiencing temporary asset inflows or outflows at year end. Bernstein coordinates with the Manager to try to ensure that the implementation of Bernsteins tax management strategies does not compromise the interests of the Portfolio or its investors. However, the implementation of Bernsteins tax management strategies may require the Portfolio to increase asset allocations to cash or cash equivalents in order to meet expected redemption requests. If a significant amount of the Portfolios assets are allocated to cash or cash equivalents, it may be more difficult for the Portfolio to achieve its investment objective. Implementation of Bernsteins tax management strategies may also require the Portfolio to incur transaction costs, which will reduce its return.
CUSTODIAN AND ACCOUNTING AGENT, PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER, COUNSEL, INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Custodian and Accounting Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street), State Street Corporation CCB/5, One Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, acts as the Funds custodian for the assets of the Fund and as its accounting agent but plays no part in deciding the purchase or sale of portfolio securities.
Principal Underwriter
ABI, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of AB, located at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105, is the principal underwriter of the Class A, Class Z and Advisor Class shares of the Portfolio.
ABI is not obligated to sell any specific amount of shares and will purchase shares for resale only against orders for shares. Under the Distribution Services Agreement between the Fund and the Principal Underwriter, the Fund has agreed to indemnify the Principal Underwriter, in the absence of its willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations thereunder, against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
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Counsel
The law firm of Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019-6099, acts as counsel to the Fund.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
[ ], [ ], has been selected as the Funds independent registered public accounting firm to audit the annual financial statements of the Portfolio.
Additional Information
Any shareholder inquiries may be directed to the shareholders financial intermediary or to ABIS at the address or telephone numbers shown on the front cover of this SAI. This SAI does not contain all the information set forth in the Registration Statement filed by the Fund with the SEC under the Securities Act. Copies of the Registration Statement may be obtained at a reasonable charge from the SEC or may be examined, without charge, at the offices of the SEC in Washington, D.C.
The Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (relating to the audited financial statements of the Portfolio for the annual period ending September 30, 2018) and the financial statements of the Portfolio are incorporated herein by reference to their annual filings made with the SEC pursuant to Section 30(b) of the 1940 Act and Rule 30b2-1 thereunder. The annual report is dated September 30, 2018 and was filed on December 7, 2018. It is available without charge upon request by calling ABIS at (800) 227-4618.
The shares of the Portfolio have no preemptive or conversion rights. Shares are fully paid and nonassessable and redeemable at the option of the shareholder and have a par value of $0.001. Pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation of the Fund, the Board may also authorize the creation of additional classes of shares of the Portfolio or series of shares (the proceeds of which may be invested in separate, independently managed portfolios) with such preferences, privileges, limitations and voting and dividend rights as the Board may determine.
Shareholders have certain rights, including the right to call a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of voting on the removal of one or more Directors. Such removal can be effected upon the action of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of all of the portfolios of the Fund, including the Portfolio, voting as a single class. The shareholders of the Portfolio are entitled to a full vote for each full share held and to the appropriate fractional vote for each fractional share. A matter that affects the Portfolio will not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio. The voting rights of the shareholders are not cumulative. In order to avoid unnecessary expenses, the Fund does not intend to hold annual meetings of shareholders.
A shareholder will be entitled to share pro rata with other holders of the same class of shares all dividends and distributions arising from the Portfolios assets and, upon redeeming shares, will receive the then current NAV of the Portfolio represented by the redeemed shares less any applicable CDSC. Generally, shares of the Portfolio and each class would vote together as a single class on matters, such as the election of Directors, that affect the Portfolio and class in substantially the same manner. Each class of shares of the Portfolio has the same rights and is identical in all respects, except that each class bears its own transfer agency expenses, each of Class A, Class Z and Advisor Class shares of the Portfolio bears its own distribution expenses. Each class of shares of the Portfolio votes separately with respect to any Rule 12b-1 distribution plan with respect to such class and other matters for which separate class voting is appropriate under applicable law. Shares are freely transferable, are entitled to dividends as authorized by the Board of Directors and declared by the Fund and, in liquidation of the Portfolio, are entitled to receive the net assets of the Portfolio.
As of the date of this SAI, there were no outstanding Class A, Class Z or Advisor Class shares.
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DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
Description of Corporate and Municipal Bond Ratings
The following descriptions of S&P Global Ratings (S&P), Fitch Ratings, Inc. (Fitch) and Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) corporate and municipal bond ratings have been published by S&P, Fitch and Moodys, respectively.
S&P1
AAA Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the higher-rated issues only in small degree.
A Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher-rated categories.
BBB Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher-rated categories.
BB, B, CCC, CC, C Debt rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C is regarded, on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, they are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposure to adverse conditions.
CI The rating CI is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid.
D Debt rated D is in default, and payment of interest and/or repayment of principal is in arrears.
Plus (+) or Minus (-) The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the additions of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Fitch2
A Fitch bond rating represents an assessment of the issuers ability to meet its debt obligations in a timely manner. The rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any security. It does not comment on the adequacy of market price, investor suitability or the taxability of interest.
Ratings are based on information obtained from issuers or sources believed to be reliable. Fitch does not audit or verify the accuracy of the information. Ratings may be changed, suspended or withdrawn to changes in or unavailability of information.
AAA Highest credit quality, obligor has exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay principal.
AA Very high credit quality, obligors ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although not as strong as AAA.
A High credit quality, obligors ability to pay interest and repay principal is strong, but more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions than higher rated bonds.
BBB Satisfactory credit quality, obligors ability to pay interest and repay principal is adequate, adverse economic conditions could impair timely payment.
| 1 | Reprinted from S&P Bond Guide. |
| 2 | As provided by Fitch Ratings, Inc. |
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BB Speculative, obligors ability to pay interest and repay principal may be affected by adverse economic conditions.
B Highly speculative, obligor has a limited margin of safety to make timely payments of principal and interest.
CCC Identifiable characteristics which, if not remedied, may lead to default.
CC Minimal protection, default in payment of interest and or principal seems probable over time.
C Bonds are in imminent default in payment of interest or principal.
DDD Bonds are in default on interest and or principal and are extremely speculative.
DD and D Bonds represent the highest potential for default and the lowest potential for recovery.
Plus(+) Minus (-) Plus and minus signs are used to indicate relative position of a credit within the rating category and only apply to AA to CCC categories.
Moodys3
Aaa Bonds which are rated Aaa by Moodys are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as gilt-edged. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin, and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group, they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuations or protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable attributes and are considered upper-medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate but susceptible to impairment some time in the future.
Baa Bonds which are rated Baa are considered medium-grade obligations (i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present, but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate, and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
B Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C Bonds which are rated C are the lowest-rated class of bonds, and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
Note: Moodys applies numerical modifiers, 1, 2, and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through B in its corporate bond rating system. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
| 3 | Reprinted from Moodys Bond Record and Short Term Market Record. |
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Description of Corporate and Municipal Commercial Paper Ratings
The following descriptions of commercial paper ratings have been published by S&P, Fitch and Moodys, respectively.
S&P4
A S&P commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from A-1 for the highest quality obligations to D for the lowest. These categories are as follows:
A-1 This highest category indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation.
A-2 Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1.
A-3 Issues carrying this designation have adequate capacity for timely payment. They are, however, more vulnerable to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
B Issues rated B are regarded as having only speculative capacity for timely payment.
C This rating is assigned to short-term debt obligations with a doubtful capacity for payment.
D Debt rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when interest payments are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period.
Fitch5
Short term ratings apply to obligations payable on demand or with original maturities of up to three years. The rating emphasizes the existence of liquidity required for timely payment of the obligation.
F-1+ Exceptionally Strong Credit Quality, strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
F-1 Very Strong Credit Quality, assurance of timely payment only slightly less than F-1+.
F-2 Good Credit Quality, satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment.
F-3 Fair Credit Quality, degree for assurance of timely repayment is adequate, however, near term adverse changes could put rating below investment grade.
F-S Weak Credit Quality, minimal degree of assurance for timely repayment and vulnerable to near adverse changes in economic and financial conditions.
D Default, actual or imminent payment default.
Moodys6
Moodys employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment-grade, to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1 Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will often be evidenced by many of the following characteristics:
| | Leading market positions in well-established industries. |
| | High rates of return on funds employed. |
| 4 | Reprinted from S&P Bond Guide. |
| 5 | As provided by Fitch Ratings, Inc. |
| 6 | Reprinted from Moodys Bond Record and Short Term Market Record. |
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| | Conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection. |
| | Broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation. |
| | Well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity. |
P-2 Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.
P-3 Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market composition may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and may require relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.
Not Prime Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Description of Municipal Note Ratings
The following descriptions of municipal bond ratings have been published by S&P, Fitch and Moodys, respectively.
S&P7
SP-1 Very strong or strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics will be given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2 Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest.
SP-3 Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Moodys
MIG 1/VMIG 1 This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2/VMIG 2 This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3/VMIG 3 This designation denotes favorable quality. All security elements are accounted for but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well established.
MIG 4/VMIG 4 This designation denotes adequate quality. Protection commonly regarded as required of an investment security is present and although not distinctly or predominantly speculative, there is specific risk.
SG This designation denotes speculative quality. Debt instruments in this category lack margins of protection.
Fitch8
Short term ratings apply to obligations payable on demand or with original maturities of up to three years. The rating emphasizes the existence of liquidity required for timely payment of the obligation.
F-1+ Exceptionally Strong Credit Quality, strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.
F-1 Very Strong Credit Quality, assurance of timely payment only slightly less than F-1+.
| 7 | Reprinted from S&P Bond Guide. |
| 8 | As provided by Fitch Ratings, Inc. |
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F-2 Good Credit Quality, satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment.
F-3 Fair Credit Quality, degree for assurance of timely repayment is adequate, however, near term adverse changes could put rating below investment grade.
F-S Weak Credit Quality, minimal degree of assurance for timely repayment and vulnerable to near adverse changes in economic and financial conditions.
D Default, actual or imminent payment default.
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STATEMENT OF POLICIES AND
PROCEDURES FOR PROXY VOTING
Proxy Voting and Governance Policy Statement
Introduction
As an investment adviser, we are shareholder advocates and have a fiduciary duty to make investment decisions that are in our clients best interests by maximizing the value of their shares. Proxy voting is an integral part of this process, through which we support strong corporate governance structures, shareholder rights and transparency.
We have an obligation to vote proxies in a timely manner and we apply the principles in our Proxy Voting and Governance Policy (Proxy Voting and Governance Policy or Policy) and this policy statement to our proxy decisions. We believe a companys environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices may have a significant effect on the value of the company, and we take these factors into consideration when voting. For additional information regarding our ESG policies and practices, please refer to our firms Statement of Policy Regarding Responsible Investment (RI Policy).
Our Proxy Voting and Governance Policy, which outlines our policies for proxy voting and includes a wide range of issues that often appear on proxies, applies to all of ABs investment management subsidiaries and investment services groups investing on behalf of clients globally. Both this Statement and the Policy are intended for use by those involved in the proxy voting decision-making process and those responsible for the administration of proxy voting (Proxy Managers), in order to ensure that our proxy voting policies and procedures are implemented consistently. Copies of the Policy, the RI Policy and our voting records, as noted below in Voting Transparency, can be found on our Internet site (www.alliancebernstein.com).
We sometimes manage accounts where proxy voting is directed by clients or newly-acquired subsidiary companies. In these cases, voting decisions may deviate from the Policy.
Research Underpins Decision Making
As a research-driven firm, we approach our proxy voting responsibilities with the same commitment to rigorous research and engagement that we apply to all of our investment activities. The different investment philosophies utilized by our investment teams may occasionally result in different conclusions being drawn regarding certain proposals and, in turn, may result in the Proxy Manager making different voting decisions on the same proposal. Nevertheless, the Proxy Manager votes proxies with the goal of maximizing the value of the securities in client portfolios.
In addition to our firm-wide proxy voting policies, we have a Proxy Voting and Governance Committee, which provides oversight and includes senior investment professionals from Equities, Legal personnel and Operations personnel. It is the responsibility of the Proxy Voting and Governance Committee to evaluate and maintain proxy voting procedures and guidelines, to evaluate proposals and issues not covered by these guidelines, to consider changes in policy, and to review this Statement and the Policy no less frequently than annually. In addition, the Proxy Voting and Governance Committee meets at least three times a year and as necessary to address special situations.
Research Services
We subscribe to the corporate governance and proxy research services of Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS). All our investment professionals can access these materials via the Proxy Manager and/or Proxy Voting and Governance Committee.
Engagement
In evaluating proxy issues and determining our votes, we welcome and seek out the points of view of various parties. Internally, the Proxy Manager may consult the Proxy Voting and Governance Committee, Chief Investment Officers, Directors of Research, and/or
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Research Analysts across our equities platforms, and Portfolio Managers in whose managed accounts a stock is held. Externally, we may engage with companies in advance of their Annual General Meeting, and throughout the year. We believe engagement provides the opportunity to share our philosophy, our corporate governance values, and more importantly, affect positive change. Also, these meetings often are joint efforts between the investment professionals, who are best positioned to comment on company-specific details, and the Proxy Manager(s), who offer a more holistic view of governance practices and relevant trends. In addition, we engage with shareholder proposal proponents and other stakeholders to understand different viewpoints and objectives.
Proxy Voting Guidelines
Our proxy voting guidelines are both principles-based and rules-based. We adhere to a core set of principles that are described in the Proxy Voting and Governance Policy. We assess each proxy proposal in light of these principles. Our proxy voting litmus test will always be what we view as most likely to maximize long-term shareholder value. We believe that authority and accountability for setting and executing corporate policies, goals and compensation generally should rest with the board of directors and senior management. In return, we support strong investor rights that allow shareholders to hold directors and management accountable if they fail to act in the best interests of shareholders.
Our proxy voting guidelines pertaining to specific issues are set forth in the Policy and include guidelines relating to board and director proposals, compensation proposals, capital changes and anti-takeover proposals, auditor proposals, shareholder access and voting proposals, and environmental, social and disclosure proposals. The following are examples of specific issues within each of these broad categories:
Board and Director Proposals: Election of Directors
The election of directors is an important vote. We expect directors to represent shareholder interests at the company and maximize shareholder value. We generally vote in favor of the management-proposed slate of directors while considering a number of factors, including local market best practice. We believe companies should have a majority of independent directors and independent key committees. However, we will incorporate local market regulation and corporate governance codes into our decision making. We may support more progressive requirements than those implemented in a local market if we believe more progressive requirements may improve corporate governance practices. We will generally regard a director as independent if the director satisfies the criteria for independence (i) espoused by the primary exchange on which the companys shares are traded, or (ii) set forth in the code we determine to be best practice in the country where the subject company is domiciled and may take into account affiliates, related-party transactions and prior service to the company. We consider the election of directors who are bundled on a single slate to be a poor governance practice and vote on a case-by-case basis considering the amount of information available and an assessment of the groups qualifications.
Capital Changes and Anti-Takeover Proposals: Authorize Share Repurchase
We generally support share repurchase proposals that are part of a well-articulated and well-conceived capital strategy. We assess proposals to give the board unlimited authorization to repurchase shares on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, we would generally support the use of derivative instruments (e.g., put options and call options) as part of a share repurchase plan absent a compelling reason to the contrary. Also, absent a specific concern at the company, we will generally support a repurchase plan that could be continued during a takeover period.
Auditor Proposals: Appointment of Auditors
We believe that the company is in the best position to choose its accounting firm, and we generally support managements recommendation.
We recognize that there may be inherent conflicts when a companys independent auditors perform substantial non-audit related services for the company. Therefore, in reviewing a proposed auditor, we will consider the amount of fees paid for non-audit related services performed compared to the total audit fees paid by the company to the auditing firm, and whether there are any other reasons for us to question the independence or performance of the firms auditor such as, for example, tenure. We generally will deem as excessive the non-audit fees paid by a company to its auditor if those fees account for 50% or more of total fees paid. In the UK market, which utilizes a different standard, we adhere to a non-audit fee cap of 100% of audit fees. Under these circumstances, we generally vote against the auditor and the directors, in particular the members of the companys audit committee. In addition, we generally vote against authorizing the audit committee to set the remuneration of such auditors. We exclude from this analysis non-
audit fees related to IPOs, bankruptcy emergence, and spin-offs and other extraordinary events. We may vote against or abstain due to a lack of disclosure of the name of the auditor while taking into account local market practice.
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Shareholder Access and Voting Proposals: Proxy Access for Annual Meetings
These proposals allow qualified shareholders to nominate directors. We generally vote in favor of management and shareholder proposals for proxy access that employ guidelines reflecting the SEC framework for proxy access (adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 2010, but vacated by the DC Circuit Court of Appeals in 2011), which would have allowed a single shareholder, or group of shareholders, who hold at least 3% of the voting power for at least three years continuously to nominate up to 25% of the current board seats, or two directors, for inclusion in the subject companys annual proxy statement alongside management nominees.
We may vote against proposals that use requirements that are stricter than the SECs framework including implementing restrictions and against individual board members, or entire boards, who exclude from their ballot properly submitted shareholder proxy access proposals or include their own competing, more strict, proposals on the same ballot.
We will evaluate on a case-by-case basis proposals with less stringent requirements than the vacated SEC framework.
From time to time we may receive requests to join with other shareholders to support a shareholder action. We may, for example, receive requests to join a voting block for purposes of influencing management. If the third parties requesting our participation are not affiliated with us and have no business relationships with us, we will consider the request on a case-by-case basis. However, where the requesting party has a business relationship with us (e.g., the requesting party is a client or a significant service provider), agreeing to such a request may pose a potential conflict of interest. As a fiduciary we have an obligation to vote proxies in the best interest of our clients (without regard to our own interests in generating and maintaining business with our other clients) and given our desire to avoid even the appearance of a conflict, we will generally decline such a request.
Environmental, Social and Disclosure Proposals: Lobbying and Political Spending
We generally vote in favor of proposals requesting increased disclosure of political contributions and lobbying expenses, including those paid to trade organizations and political action committees, whether at the federal, state, or local level. These proposals may increase transparency.
We generally vote proposals in accordance with these guidelines but, consistent with our principles-based approach to proxy voting, we may deviate from the guidelines if warranted by the specific facts and circumstances of the situation (i.e., if, under the circumstances, we believe that deviating from our stated policy is necessary to help maximize long-term shareholder value). In addition, these guidelines are not intended to address all issues that may appear on all proxy ballots. Proposals not specifically addressed by these guidelines, whether submitted by management or shareholders, will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, always keeping in mind our fiduciary duty to make voting decisions that, by maximizing long-term shareholder value, are in our clients best interests.
Conflicts of Interest
As a fiduciary, we always must act in our clients best interests. We strive to avoid even the appearance of a conflict that may compromise the trust our clients have placed in us, and we insist on strict adherence to fiduciary standards and compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws. We have adopted a comprehensive Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (Code) to help us meet these obligations. As part of this responsibility and as expressed throughout the Code, we place the interests of our clients first and attempt to avoid any perceived or actual conflicts of interest.
We recognize that there may be a potential material conflict of interest when we vote a proxy solicited by an issuer that sponsors a retirement plan we manage (or administer), that distributes AB-sponsored mutual funds, or with which we or one or more of our employees have another business or personal relationship that may affect how we vote on the issuers proxy. Similarly, we may have a potential material conflict of interest when deciding how to vote on a proposal sponsored or supported by a shareholder group that is a client. In order to avoid any perceived or actual conflict of interest, we have established procedures for use when we encounter a potential conflict to ensure that our voting decisions are based on our clients best interests and are not the product of a conflict. These procedures include compiling a list of companies and organizations whose proxies may pose potential conflicts of interest (e.g., if such company is our client) and reviewing our proposed votes for these companies and organizations in light of the Policy and ISSs recommendations. If our proposed vote is contrary to, or not contemplated in, the Policy, is consistent with a clients position and is contrary to ISSs recommendation, we refer the proposed vote to our Conflicts Officer for his determination.
In addition, our Proxy Voting and Governance Committee takes reasonable steps to verify that ISS continues to be independent, including an annual review of ISSs conflict management procedures. When reviewing these conflict management procedures, we consider, among other things, whether ISS (i) has the capacity and competency to adequately analyze proxy issues; and (ii) can offer research in an impartial manner and in the best interests of our clients.
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Voting Transparency
We publish our voting records on our Internet site (www.alliancebernstein.com) quarterly, 30 days after the end of the previous quarter. Many clients have requested that we provide them with periodic reports on how we voted their proxies. Clients may obtain information about how we voted proxies on their behalf by contacting their Advisor. Alternatively, clients may make a written request to the Chief Compliance Officer.
Recordkeeping
All of the records referenced in our Policy will be kept in an easily accessible place for at least the length of time required by local regulation and custom, and, if such local regulation requires that records are kept for less than five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record, we will follow the U.S. rule of five years. We maintain the vast majority of these records electronically. We will keep paper records, if any, in one of our offices for at least two years.
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PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
| Item 28. | Exhibits. |
| (a)(1) |
Articles of Incorporation of the Fund dated May 3, 1988 (supplied by Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 filed on January 29, 1997). | |
| (a)(2) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated October 14, 1988 (supplied by Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 filed on January 29, 1997). | |
| (a)(3) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated April 25, 1990 (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 filed on January 29, 1997). | |
| (a)(4) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated March 16, 1992 (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 filed on January 29, 1997). | |
| (a)(5) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund undated, filed with State of Maryland May 11, 1994 (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 filed on January 29, 1997). | |
| (a)(6) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated October 10, 1994 (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 filed on January 29, 1997). | |
| (a)(7) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated August 29, 1995 (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 filed on January 29, 1997). | |
| (a)(8) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated February 26, 1996 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 filed on January 29, 1997). | |
| (a)(9) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated March 9, 1998 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 filed on November 18, 1998). | |
| (a)(10) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated November 5, 1998 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 filed on November 18, 1998). | |
| (a)(11) |
Articles of Amendment of the Fund dated April 20, 1999 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 filed on November 30, 1999). | |
| (a)(12) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated May 24, 1999 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 filed on November 30, 1999). | |
| (a)(13) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated February 11, 2000 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 filed on November 29, 2000). | |
| (a)(14) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated October 25, 2001 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 filed on January 30, 2002). | |
| (a)(15) |
Articles of Amendment of the Fund dated January 24, 2002 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 filed on January 30, 2002). | |
| (a)(16) |
Articles of Amendment of the Fund dated January 24, 2002 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 filed on January 30, 2002). | |
| (a)(17) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated April 29, 2003 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 filed on May 15, 2003). | |
| (a)(18) |
Articles of Amendment of the Fund dated April 29, 2003 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 filed on May 15, 2003). | |
| (a)(19) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated August 21, 2003 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 30 filed on September 2, 2003). | |
| (a)(20) |
Articles of Amendment of the Fund dated August 21, 2003 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 30 filed on September 2, 2003). | |
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| (a)(21) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated December 1, 2003 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 filed on December 31, 2003). | |
| (a)(22) |
Certificate of Correction of the Fund dated December 14, 2001 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 filed on January 30, 2002). | |
| (a)(23) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated April 18, 2007 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 filed on January 31, 2008). | |
| (a)(24) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated April 24, 2008 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 filed on November 24, 2009). | |
| (a)(25) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated November 24, 2009 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 filed on November 24, 2009). | |
| (a)(26) |
Articles of Amendment of the Fund dated January 27, 2015 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 filed on January 29. 2015). | |
| (a)(27) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated April 15, 2015 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 filed on April 17, 2015). | |
| (a)(28) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated September 22, 2015 (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 filed on October 20, 2015). | |
| (a)(29) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated April 21, 2016 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 73 filed on January 27, 2017). | |
| (a)(30) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated April 19, 2017 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 75 filed on January 26, 2018). | |
| (a)(31) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund dated April 26, 2018 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 filed on June 29, 2018). | |
| (a)(32) |
Articles Supplementary of the Fund.* | |
| (b)(1) |
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Fund dated January 26, 2017 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 filed on June 29, 2018). | |
| (c) |
Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders - supplied by Exhibit (a)(1) (see Article V - Common Stock; Sections 1(b), 2(c), (2)(d), (2)(e), (2)(g), 4 and 5; Article VII - Miscellaneous; Sections 1(d), 2, 3, 5 and 6; Article VIII - Voting; Article IX - Amendments; and supplied by Exhibit (b)(1) (see Article I - Stockholders and Article IV - Capital Stock). | |
| (d)(1) |
Investment Management Agreement dated October 2, 2000 between the Fund and AllianceBernstein L.P. (AB) (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 filed on November 29, 2000). | |
| (d)(1)(i) |
Form of Amendment No. 2 to Investment Management Agreement (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 filed on February 1, 2005). | |
| (d)(1)(ii) |
Form of Amendment No. 3 to Investment Management Agreement (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 filed on January 31, 2006). | |
| (d)(1)(iii) |
Form of Amendment No. 4 to Investment Management Agreement (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 filed on January 31, 2007). | |
| (d)(1)(iv) |
Form of Amendment No. 5 to Investment Management Agreement (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 filed on January 31, 2008). | |
| (d)(1)(v) |
Amendment No. 6 to Investment Management Agreement (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 filed on February 4, 2010). | |
| (d)(1)(vi) |
Form of Amendment No. 7 to Investment Management Agreement (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 filed on January 31, 2011). | |
| (d)(1)(vii) |
Form of Amendment No. 8 to Investment Management Agreement (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 73 filed on January 27, 2017). | |
| (d)(1)(viii) |
Form of Amendment No. 9 to Investment Management Agreement (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 75 filed on January 26, 2018). | |
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| (d)(2)(i) |
Amended and Restated Shareholder Servicing Agreement between the Fund and AB dated February 26, 2003 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 filed on May 15, 2003).(1) | |
| (d)(2)(ii) |
Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Shareholder Servicing Agreement between the Fund and AB dated December 16, 2003 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 filed on December 31, 2003).(1) | |
| (d)(2)(iii) |
Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Shareholder Servicing Agreement between the Fund and AB (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 filed on February 4, 2010).(1) | |
| (e)(1)(a) |
Distribution Agreement dated October 2, 2000 between the Fund and Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC (Bernstein LLC) (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 filed on November 29, 2000). Exhibit (m)(3) incorporated by reference.(1) | |
| (e)(1)(b) |
Amendment to the Distribution Agreement dated February 1, 2001 between the Fund and Bernstein LLC (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 filed on January 30, 2002).(1) | |
| (e)(1)(c) |
Amendment No. 2 to Distribution Agreement dated February 26, 2003 between the Fund and Bernstein LLC (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 filed on May 15, 2003).(1) | |
| (e)(1)(d) |
Amendment No. 3 to Distribution Agreement dated December 16, 2003 between the Fund and Bernstein LLC (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 filed on December 31, 2003).(1) | |
| (e)(1)(e) |
Amendment No. 4 to Amended Distribution Agreement between the Fund and Bernstein LLC (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 filed on February 4, 2010). | |
| (e)(2)(a) |
Distribution Services Agreement (including a plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 dated February 1, 2002 between the Fund and AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. (formerly, AllianceBernstein Investor Research and Management, Inc.) (ABI) (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 filed on January 30, 2002).(2) | |
| (e)(2)(b) |
Amendment No. 1 to Distribution Services Agreement dated February 26, 2003 between the Fund and ABI (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 filed on May 15, 2003).(2) | |
| (e)(2)(c) |
Amendment No. 2 to Distribution Services Agreement dated December 16, 2003 between the Fund and ABI (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 filed on December 31, 2003).(2) | |
| (e)(2)(d) |
Amendment No. 3 to Distribution Services Agreement dated December 17, 2003 between the Fund and ABI (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 filed on December 31, 2003).(2) | |
| (e)(2)(e) |
Amendment to Distribution Services Agreement dated April 15, 2015 between the Fund and ABI (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 filed on April 17, 2015).(2) | |
| (e)(2)(f) |
Amendment to Distribution Services Agreement dated September 22, 2015 between the Fund and ABI (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 filed on January 15, 2016).(2) | |
| (e)(2)(g) |
Amendment to Distribution Services Agreement dated April 26, 2018 between the Fund and ABI (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 filed on June 29, 2018).(2) | |
| (e)(2)(h) |
Amendment to Distribution Services Agreement.*, (2) | |
| (e)(3)(a) |
Form of Selected Dealer Agreement between ABI and selected dealers offering shares of Fund (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (e)(6) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 of the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of AllianceBernstein Large Cap Growth Fund, Inc. (File Nos. 33-49530 and 811-6730), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 14, 2009). | |
| (e)(3)(b) |
Selected Dealer Agreement between ABI and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc. making available shares of the Fund effective April 30, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (e)(8) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 of the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of AllianceBernstein Large Cap Growth Fund, Inc. (File Nos. 33-49530 and 811-6730), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 14, 2009). | |
| (e)(4)(a) |
Load Fund Operating Agreement between ABI and Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. making available shares of the Fund, dated as of June 1, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (e)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 of the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of AllianceBernstein Large Cap Growth Fund, Inc. (File Nos. 33-49530 and 811-6730), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 14, 2009). | |
| (e)(5) |
Cooperation Agreement between ABI and UBS AG, dated November 1, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (e)(10) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 of the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of AllianceBernstein Large Cap Growth Fund, Inc. (File Nos. 33-49530 and 811-6730), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 14, 2009). | |
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| (f) |
Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts - Not applicable. | |
| (g)(1) |
Custodian Contract dated October 12, 1988 between the Fund and State Street Bank and Trust Company (supplied by Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on January 29, 1998). | |
| (g)(2) |
Amendment to the Custodian Contract dated May 8, 1989 (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on January 29, 1998). | |
| (g)(3) |
Second Amendment to the Custodian Contract dated July 24, 1989 (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on January 29, 1998). | |
| (g)(4) |
Third Amendment to the Custodian Contract dated April 30, 1990 (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on January 29, 1998). | |
| (g)(5) |
Fourth Amendment to the Custodian Contract dated March 18, 1992 (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on January 29, 1998). | |
| (g)(6) |
Fifth Amendment to the Custodian Contract dated April 19, 1994 (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on January 29, 1998). | |
| (g)(7) |
Sixth Amendment to the Custodian Contract dated August 21, 1995 (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on January 29, 1998). | |
| (g)(8) |
Seventh Amendment to the Custodian Contract dated May 6, 1996 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 filed on January 29, 1997). | |
| (g)(9) |
Eighth Amendment to the Custodian Contract dated September 25, 1996 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 filed on January 29, 1997). | |
| (g)(10) |
Custodian Fee Schedule dated June 12, 1998 - Government Short Duration, Short Duration Plus, New York Municipal, Diversified Municipal, Intermediate Duration, California Municipal; Short Duration California Municipal, Short Duration Diversified Municipal, and Short Duration New York Municipal Portfolios (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 filed on November 18, 1998). | |
| (g)(11) |
Ninth Amendment to the Custodian Contract dated February 22, 1999 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 filed on November 30, 1999). | |
| (g)(12) |
Tenth Amendment to the Custodian Contract dated May 3, 1999 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 filed on November 30, 1999). | |
| (g)(13) |
Custodian Fee Schedule dated October 27, 1999 - Tax-Managed International Value, International Value II and Emerging Markets Value Portfolios (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 filed on November 30, 1999). | |
| (g)(14) |
Eleventh Amendment to the Custodian Contract dated December 28, 2006 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 filed on January 31, 2007). | |
| (g)(15) |
Twelfth Amendment to the Custodian Contract (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 filed on February 4, 2010). | |
| (h)(1)(a) |
Transfer Agency Agreement dated October 12, 1988 between the Fund and State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street) (supplied by Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on January 29, 1998).(1) | |
| (h)(1)(b) |
Amendment to the Transfer Agency Agreement dated April 30, 1990 between the Fund and State Street (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on January 29, 1998).(1) | |
| (h)(1)(c) |
Second Amendment to the Transfer Agency Agreement dated March 18, 1992 between the Fund and State Street (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on January 29, 1998).(1) | |
| (h)(1)(d) |
Third Amendment to the Transfer Agency Agreement dated April 19, 1994 between the Fund and State Street (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on filed on January 29, 1998).(1) | |
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| (h)(1)(e) |
Fourth Amendment to Transfer Agency Agreement dated August 21, 1995 between the Fund and State Street (supplied by Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on January 29, 1998).(1) | |
| (h)(1)(f) |
Fifth Amendment to Transfer Agency Agreement dated July 18, 1996 between the Fund and State Street (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 filed on January 29, 1997).(1) | |
| (h)(1)(g) |
Sixth Amendment to Transfer Agency Agreement dated February 22, 1999 between the Fund and State Street (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 filed on November 30, 1999).(1) | |
| (h)(1)(h) |
Seventh Amendment to Transfer Agency Agreement dated May 3, 1999 between the Fund and State Street (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 filed on November 30, 1999).(1) | |
| (h)(1)(i) |
Eighth Amendment to Transfer Agency Agreement dated February 1, 2002 between the Fund and State Street (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 filed on January 30, 2002).(1) | |
| (h)(1)(j) |
Ninth Amendment to Transfer Agency Agreement dated February 26th, 2003 between the Fund and State Street (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 filed on May 15, 2003).(1) | |
| (h)(1)(k) |
Tenth Amendment to Transfer Agency Agreement dated December 16, 2003 between the Fund and State Street (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 filed on December 31, 2003).(1) | |
| (h)(1)(l) |
Transfer Agency Fee Schedule dated July 21, 1999 - Government Short Duration, Short Duration Plus, Diversified Municipal, Intermediate Duration, New York Municipal, California Municipal, Tax-Managed International Value, Short Duration California Municipal, Short Duration Diversified Municipal, Short Duration New York Municipal, Emerging Markets Value and International Value II Portfolios (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 filed on November 30, 1999).(1) | |
| (h)(1)(m) |
Transfer Agency Agreement dated February 1, 2002 between the Fund and AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc. (formerly, Alliance Global Investor Services, Inc.) (ABIS) (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 filed on January 30, 2002).(2) | |
| (h)(1)(n) |
Amendment No. 1 to the Transfer Agency Agreement dated February 26, 2003 between the Fund and ABIS (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 filed on May 15, 2003).(2) | |
| (h)(1)(o) |
Amendment No. 2 to the Transfer Agency Agreement dated December 16, 2003 between the Fund and ABIS (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 filed on December 31, 2003).(2) | |
| (h)(1)(p) |
Amendment No. 3 to the Transfer Agency Agreement dated April 15, 2015 between the Fund and ABIS (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 filed on April 17, 2015).(2) | |
| (h)(1)(q) |
Amendment No. 4 to the Transfer Agency Agreement dated September 22, 2015 between the Fund and ABIS (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 filed on January 15, 2016).(2) | |
| (h)(1)(r) |
Eleventh Amendment to Transfer Agency Agreement between the Fund and State Street (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 filed on February 4, 2010).(1) | |
| (h)(1)(s) |
Form of Amendment to and Assignment of Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between the Fund, State Street and DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 75 filed on January 26, 2018).(1) | |
| (h)(1)(t) |
Amendment No. 5 to the Transfer Agency Agreement dated April 26, 2018 between the Fund and ABIS (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 filed on June 29, 2018).(2) | |
| (h)(1)(u) |
Amendment No. 6 to the Transfer Agency Agreement.*, (2) | |
| (h)(2)(a) |
Securities Lending Agreement dated July 17, 1996 between the Fund, on behalf of the International Value Portfolio and State Street Bank and Trust Company and Amendment dated September 30, 1996 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 filed on January 29, 1997). | |
| (h)(2)(b) |
Second Amendment to Securities Lending Agreement dated May 29, 1997 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on January 29, 1998). | |
| (h)(2)(c) |
Third Amendment to Securities Lending Agreement dated May 1, 1998 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 filed on November 18, 1998). | |
| (h)(2)(d) |
Fourth Amendment to Securities Lending Agreement dated August 10, 1998 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 filed on November 18, 1998). | |
| (h)(2)(e) |
Fifth Amendment to Securities Lending Agreement dated April 21, 1999 (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 filed on November 30, 1999). | |
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| (h)(2)(f) |
Securities Lending Agreement dated April 30, 1999 between the Fund, on behalf of the International Value Portfolio II and State Street Bank and Trust Company (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 filed on November 30, 1999). | |
| (h)(2)(g) |
First Amendment dated September 26, 2000 to Securities Lending Authorization Agreement between the Fund, on behalf of the International Value Portfolio II, and State Street Bank and Trust Company (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 filed on November 29, 2000). | |
| (h)(2)(h) |
Sixth Amendment dated September 26, 2000 to Securities Lending Authorization Agreement between the Fund, on behalf of the Tax-Managed International Value Portfolio, and State Street Bank and Trust Company (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 filed on November 29, 2000). | |
| (h)(3)(a) |
Expense Limitation Agreement by and between the Fund and AB (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 filed on February 4, 2010). | |
| (h)(3)(b) |
Expense Limitation Undertaking by AB with respect to the Fund (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 filed on January 15, 2016). | |
| (h)(3)(c) |
Expense Limitation Undertaking by AB with respect to the Overlay Portfolios (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 75 filed on January 26, 2018). | |
| (h)(4) |
Management Fee Waiver Undertaking with respect to the AB Government Money Market Portfolio (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 75 filed on January 26, 2018). | |
| (i)(1) |
Opinion of Counsel with respect to Non-U.S. Stock Portfolios and Fixed-Income Portfolios (submitted electronically by Post- Effective Amendment No. 43 filed on January 31, 2007). | |
| (i)(2) |
Opinion of Counsel with respect to Overlay Portfolios (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 filed on February 4, 2010). | |
| (i)(3) |
Opinion of Counsel with respect to Advisor Class shares of AB Intermediate New York Municipal Portfolio, AB Intermediate California Municipal Portfolio, and AB Intermediate Diversified Municipal Portfolio (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 filed on June 24, 2015). | |
| (i)(4) |
Opinion of Counsel with respect to Class Z shares of AB International Portfolio, AB Tax-Managed International Portfolio and Emerging Markets Portfolio (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 filed on January 15, 2016). | |
| (i)(5) |
Opinion of Counsel with respect to Class Z shares of AB Intermediate New York Municipal Portfolio, AB Intermediate California Municipal Portfolio and AB Intermediate Diversified Portfolio (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 filed on June 29, 2018). | |
| (i)(6) |
Opinion of Counsel with respect to Class A, Class Z and Advisor Class shares of AB Intermediate Duration Portfolio.* | |
| (j)(1) |
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.* | |
| (j)(2) |
Consent of Counsel.* | |
| (j)(3) |
Powers of Attorney for Bart Friedman, William Kristol and Donald K. Peterson (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 filed on January 31, 2008). | |
| (j)(4) |
Power of Attorney for Kathleen Fisher (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 75 filed on January 26, 2018). | |
| (j)(5) |
Power of Attorney for Debra Perry (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 filed on November 28, 2011). | |
| (j)(6) |
Power of Attorney for R. Jay Gerken (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 filed on January 30, 2014). | |
| (k) |
Omitted Financial Statements - Not applicable. | |
| (l) |
Purchase Agreement dated October 12, 1988 (supplied by Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 and submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on January 29, 1998). | |
| (m)(1) |
Rule 12b-1 Plan. See exhibit (e)(2).(2) | |
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| (n)(1) |
Amended and Restated Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3.*, (2) | |
| (o) |
Not applicable. | |
| (p) |
Code of Ethics for AB, ABI and Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC (submitted electronically by Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 filed on November 28, 2011). | |
| (1) | Item does not relate to Class A, Class B, Class C, Class Z or Advisor Class shares of the New York Municipal Portfolio, California Municipal Portfolio, Diversified Municipal Portfolio, Short Duration Plus Portfolio, Tax-Managed International Portfolio, International Portfolio, Intermediate Duration Portfolio and Emerging Markets Portfolio. |
| (2) | Item only relates to Class A, Class B, Class C, Class Z and Advisor Class shares, as applicable, of the New York Municipal Portfolio, California Municipal Portfolio, Diversified Municipal Portfolio, Short Duration Plus Portfolio, Tax-Managed International Portfolio, International Portfolio, Intermediate Duration Portfolio and Emerging Markets Portfolio. |
| * | To be filed by amendment. |
| Item 29. | Persons Controlled By or Under Common Control with Fund. None. |
| Item 30. | Indemnification. |
As permitted by Section 17(h) and (i) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act) and pursuant to Article XI of the Funds By-Laws (Exhibit (b)(1) to this Registration Statement), directors, officers and employees of the Fund will be indemnified to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland General Corporation Law. Article XI provides that the Fund will indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, will pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (a) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Fund and who is made or threatened to be made a party to, or witness in, the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity or (b) any individual who, while a director or officer of the Fund and at the request of the Fund, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, trustee, member or manager of another corporation, real estate investment trust, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to, or witness in, the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The rights to indemnification and advance of expenses provided by the Funds charter and By-laws will vest immediately upon election of a director or officer. The Fund may, with the approval of its Board of Directors, provide such indemnification and advance for expenses to an individual who served a predecessor of the Fund in any of the capacities described in (a) or (b) above and to any employee or agent of the Fund or a predecessor of the Fund. Any indemnification or advance of expenses made pursuant to Article XI is subject to applicable requirements of the 1940 Act, including any written interpretation thereof by the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff. The indemnification and payment or reimbursement of expenses provided in the Funds By-laws will not be deemed exclusive of or limit in any way other rights to which any person seeking indemnification or payment or reimbursement of expenses may be or may become entitled under any bylaw, resolution, insurance, agreement or otherwise.
As permitted by Section 17(i) of the 1940 Act, pursuant to Section 3 of the respective Investment Management Agreement, Section 3 of the respective Amended and Restated Shareholder Servicing Agreement between the Fund, on behalf of its various Portfolios, and AB, Section 8 of the Distribution Agreement between the Fund, on behalf of its various Portfolios, and Bernstein LLC, and Section 10 of the Distribution Services Agreement between the Fund, on behalf of Class A, B and C shares of the New York Municipal Portfolio, California Municipal Portfolio, Diversified Municipal Portfolio, Short Duration Plus Portfolio, Tax-Managed International Portfolio, International Portfolio and Intermediate Duration Portfolio and ABIRM, AB, Bernstein LLC and ABIRM may be indemnified against certain liabilities which it may incur.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Fund pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Fund has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Fund of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Fund in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person, the Fund will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The Fund has purchased an insurance policy insuring its officers and directors against certain liabilities, and certain costs of defending claims against such officers and directors, to the extent such officers and directors are not found to have committed conduct constituting conflict of interest, intentional non-compliance with statutes or regulations or dishonest, fraudulent or criminal acts or omissions. The insurance policy also insures the Fund against the cost of indemnification payments to officers and directors under certain circumstances. Insurance will not be purchased that protects, or purports to protect, any officer or director from liability to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duty.
- 7 -
Table of Contents
Section 2 of the respective Investment Management Agreement limits the liability of AB to loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for service (in which case any award of damages shall be limited to the period and the amount set forth in Section 36(b)(3) of the 1940 Act) or loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by AB of its obligations and duties under the Management Agreement. Section 2 of the Amended and Restated Shareholder Servicing Agreement limits the liability of AB and Section 9 of the Distribution Agreement limits the liability of Bernstein LLC to loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by Bernstein of its obligations and duties under those Agreements.
The Fund hereby undertakes that it will apply the indemnification provisions of its By-Laws, and the Investment Management Agreement, Amended and Restated Shareholder Servicing Agreement, and Distribution Agreement in a manner consistent with Release No. 11330 of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the 1940 Act so long as the interpretation of Sections 17(h) and 17(i) of such Act remains in effect and is consistently applied.
| Item 31. | Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser. |
See Management of the Fund Manager in the Statement of Additional Information constituting Part B of this Registration Statement and incorporated herein by reference and Management of the Portfolio Investment Manager in the Prospectus, constituting Part A of this Registration Statement and incorporated herein by reference.
| Item 32. | Principal Underwriters |
(a) Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC is the Distributor for each Portfolio of the Fund except for Class A, Class B, Class C, Class Z and Advisor Class shares, as applicable, of the New York Municipal Portfolio, California Municipal Portfolio, Diversified Municipal Portfolio, Short Duration Plus Portfolio, Tax-Managed International Portfolio, International Portfolio, Intermediate Duration Portfolio and Emerging Markets Portfolio, and Class R shares of the Short Duration and International Portfolios. It also serves as Distributor for Bernstein Fund, Inc. and Sanford C. Bernstein Fund II, Inc.
AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. (ABI) is the Registrants Principal Underwriter in connection with the sale of Class A, Class B, Class C, Class Z and Advisor Class shares, as applicable, of the New York Municipal Portfolio, California Municipal Portfolio, Diversified Municipal Portfolio, Short Duration Plus Portfolio, Tax-Managed International Portfolio, International Portfolio, Intermediate Duration Portfolio and Emerging Markets Portfolio. ABI also acts as Principal Underwriter or Distributor for the following investment companies:
AB Bond Fund, Inc.*
AB Cap Fund, Inc.*
AB Core Opportunities Fund, Inc.
AB Corporate Shares
AB Discovery Growth Fund, Inc.
AB Equity Income Fund, Inc.*
AB Fixed-Income Shares, Inc.
AB Global Bond Fund, Inc.*
AB Global Real Estate Investment Fund, Inc.*
AB Global Risk Allocation Fund, Inc.
AB High Income Fund, Inc.*
AB Institutional Funds, Inc.
AB Large Cap Growth Fund, Inc.*
AB Municipal Income Fund, Inc.
AB Municipal Income Fund II
AB Relative Value Fund, Inc.
AB Sustainable Global Thematic Fund, Inc.*
AB Sustainable International Thematic Fund, Inc.*
AB Trust*
AB Unconstrained Bond Fund, Inc.
AB Variable Products Series Fund, Inc.
Bernstein Fund, Inc.
Sanford C. Bernstein Fund II, Inc.
The AB Portfolios**
| * | This Fund also offers Class R, K and I shares. |
| ** | The AB Portfolios funds that also offer Class R, K and I Shares are AB Growth Fund, AB Balanced Wealth Strategy; AB Wealth Appreciation Strategy; and AB Wealth Preservation Strategy. |
- 8 -
Table of Contents
(b) The following are the Directors and Officers of Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC, the principal place of business of which is 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105.
| NAME |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH UNDERWRITER |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH REGISTRANT | ||
| van Brugge, Robert P. | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
|||
| William R. Siemers | Director |
|||
| Bertan, Laurence | Co-Director of Compliance |
|||
| Carli, Raymond | Treasurer |
|||
| Krueger, Gary | Chief Financial Officer |
|||
| Lamke, James | Co-Director of Compliance |
|||
| Lesser, David M. | Corporate Secretary |
|||
| Mangan, Louis T. | Assistant Secretary |
|||
| Manley, Mark R. | Assistant Secretary |
|||
| Strohmenger, Richard | Assistant Secretary |
|||
| Patrizio, Lawrence | Director and Global Head of Broker Dealer Operations |
|||
| Tucci, Peter | Associate Director of Operations |
|||
| Aronow, Bruce K. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Barnard, David S. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Brackett, Robert A. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Browning, Robert C. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Burke, Catherine C. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Caruso, Frank | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Chen, Xinzhong | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Cook, Robert W. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Day, Beth Ann | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Dibadj, Ali M. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| DiMaggio, Scott A. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Fanelli, Steven A. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Ferragu, Pierre C.L.H.M. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Fay, Sharon E. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Franco, Eric | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Fisher, Kaltheen | Senior Vice President |
President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| Galiardo, Richard C. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Gilde, Fredric L. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Guinan III, William L. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Hagemeier, Jan | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Hampton-Fraser, Tracy D. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Hanley, John M. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Harned, Douglas S. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Hermann, Dana P. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Hogbin, Christopher E. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Howard, Alexia | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Juenger, Todd M. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Kemper, Jocelyn C.Y. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Keyes-Grevelis, Stephen N. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Klein, Jordan M. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Larson, Ann-Marie | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Lewis, Sebastian H.C. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Liles, David A. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Loughlin, Frank | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Marsalise, William | Senior Vice President |
|||
| McDonald, John E. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| McGranahan, Colin A. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Merriman, Jamie S. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Moerdler, Mark L. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Morgan, Scott T. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Ponomarev, Paul C. | Senior Vice President |
|||
| Rasgon, Stacy A. | Senior Vice President |
- 9 -
Table of Contents
| NAME |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH UNDERWRITER |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH REGISTRANT | ||
| Sacconaghi, Antonio |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Scudero, Louis |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Senatore, Sara B. |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Smith, Randy S. |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Sofocleous, Dominic M. |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Stirling, Trevor J. |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Tedesco, Michael I. |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Vernon, David S. |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Vincent, James B. |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Weisberger, Noah Y. |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Wheeler, Jason S. |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Winoker, Steven E. |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Wood, Andrew D. |
Senior Vice President | |||
| Weisenseel, John C. |
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | |||
| Herskovitz, Michael D. |
Senior Vice President and Co-Head of Operations and Technology | |||
| Sprules, Karl K. |
Senior Vice President and Co-Head of Operations and Technology | |||
| Carli, Raymond |
Senior Vice President and Treasurer | |||
| Liptrot, James |
Senior Vice President, Assistant Controller | |||
| Ahmed, Sarah A. |
Vice President | |||
| Altunkopru, Zehra C. |
Vice President | |||
| An, Penghui |
Vice President |
|||
| Bales, Kendrick K. |
Vice President |
|||
| Beckel, David J. |
Vice President |
|||
| Beirne, Paul R. |
Vice President |
|||
| Bershova, Nataliya |
Vice President |
|||
| Bolu, Chinedu C. |
Vice President |
|||
| Brancati, Michael J. |
Vice President |
|||
| Brodie, Ethan L.H. |
Vice President |
|||
| Browning, Robert |
Vice President |
|||
| Burg, Laura I. |
Vice President |
|||
| Cantrell, Jason M. |
Vice President |
|||
| Carlsson-Szlezak, Philipp T. |
Vice President |
|||
| Carrella, Carmine |
Vice President |
|||
| Chen, Vincent |
Vice President |
|||
| Cheng, Ping |
Vice President |
|||
| Chrane, Zane B. |
Vice President |
|||
| Chu, Yao Jie |
Vice President |
|||
| Cobuzzi, Paul |
Vice President |
|||
| Cochrane, Geoffrey M. |
Vice President |
|||
| Coyle, Malachy E. W. |
Vice President |
|||
| Daly, Joseph M. |
Vice President |
|||
| Davies, Colin M. |
Vice President |
|||
| Davison, Gary M. |
Vice President |
|||
| De Krei, Cheryl R. |
Vice President |
|||
| Dolan, Michael P. |
Vice President |
|||
| Fernandez, Andrew W. |
Vice President |
|||
| Fletcher, Charles B. |
Vice President |
|||
| Foucek, Arielle M. |
Vice President |
|||
| Garnett, Sofia J. |
Vice President |
|||
| Giordano, Craig A. |
Vice President |
|||
| Goodwin, Joel |
Vice President |
|||
| Gordon, Ian J. |
Vice President |
|||
| Haddad, Kenneth C. |
Vice President |
|||
| Hambright, Lee M. |
Vice President |
|||
| Heath, Thomas |
Vice President |
|||
| Hecht, Robert D. |
Vice President |
- 10 -
Table of Contents
| NAME |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH UNDERWRITER |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH REGISTRANT | ||
| Herman, Neal T. |
Vice President |
|||
| Hochman, Ronald |
Vice President |
|||
| Hu, Shirley H. |
Vice President |
|||
| Joshi, Sugeet |
Vice President |
|||
| Keane, Teresa |
Vice President |
|||
| Kelly, Patrick |
Vice President |
|||
| Kelman, Jeremy E. |
Vice President |
|||
| Khadduri, Amin |
Vice President |
|||
| Klose-Ostrovsky, Cornelia K. |
Vice President |
|||
| Kronenberg, Michael J. |
Vice President |
|||
| Lane, Kenneth H. |
Vice President |
|||
| Laursen, Jamie E. |
Vice President |
|||
| Le Guyader, Celine |
Vice President |
|||
| Leung, Alex S. |
Vice President |
|||
| Levitt, David |
Vice President |
|||
| Lewin, Lori |
Vice President |
|||
| Magee, Maryclare D. |
Vice President |
|||
| Malachowicz, Andrzej |
Vice President |
|||
| Maurandy, Jean-Pierre |
Vice President |
|||
| McFarland, Sean P. |
Vice President |
|||
| Moerdler, Mark L. |
Vice President |
|||
| Morton, Michael P. |
Vice President |
|||
| Murray, Keith E. |
Vice President |
|||
| Ng, Stephanie |
Vice President |
|||
| OConnell, Patrick M. |
Vice President |
|||
| Ocena, Doni |
Vice President |
|||
| Orenstein, Adam M. |
Vice President |
|||
| Oxgaard, Jonas I. |
Vice President |
|||
| Panwar, Jay |
Vice President |
|||
| Polo, Alan V. |
Vice President |
|||
| Radic, Joseph |
Vice President |
|||
| Raikh, Evgenia M. |
Vice President |
|||
| Rawat, Harshita |
Vice President |
|||
| Reilly, Alison O. |
Vice President |
|||
| Renz, Carey |
Vice President |
|||
| Ritter, Brian K. |
Vice President |
|||
| Rivas, Toinette S. |
Vice President |
|||
| Rosso, Andrea |
Vice President |
|||
| Rostant, Kareen N. |
Vice President |
|||
| Rubenstein, Jeffrey P. |
Vice President |
|||
| Sabat, Michael H. |
Vice President |
|||
| Salisbury, Jean P. |
Vice President |
|||
| Salomon, Martin |
Vice President |
|||
| Scanlon, Christopher |
Vice President |
|||
| Serrant, Hamille J. |
Vice President |
|||
| Shaughnessy, Jerrod C. |
Vice President |
|||
| Steckenborn, Bjoern |
Vice President |
|||
| Steffek, Amy M. |
Vice President |
|||
| Su, Yongjun |
Vice President |
|||
| Susi, Mark |
Vice President |
|||
| Swartz, Paul W. |
Vice President |
|||
| Sweeney, Nicholas N. |
Vice President |
|||
| Tam, Jeffrey L.H. |
Vice President |
|||
| Thomas, Kwane H. |
Vice President |
|||
| Thurer, Stephen M. |
Vice President |
|||
| Timcenko, Aleksander |
Vice President |
|||
| Turner, Peter C. |
Vice President |
|||
| Valli, Christopher S. |
Vice President |
- 11 -
Table of Contents
| NAME |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH UNDERWRITER |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH REGISTRANT | ||
| Van Eeten, Piet |
Vice President |
|||
| Vreeland, John C. |
Vice President |
|||
| Weinberg, Matthew |
Vice President |
|||
| Welch, David John |
Vice President |
|||
| Wiesenfeld, Jeffrey S. |
Vice President |
|||
| Winfrey, Wells M. |
Vice President |
|||
| Wing, Jonathan R. |
Vice President |
|||
| Winik, Martin S. |
Vice President |
|||
| Wood, Diana B. |
Vice President |
|||
| Wu, Elle E. |
Vice President |
|||
| Xia, Ri |
Vice President |
|||
| Zhu, Xiaoliang |
Vice President |
|||
| Acquista, Diane M. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Bengani, Rahul |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Bryan, Alton A. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Choo, Andrew Y. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Conway, Caroline C. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Cook, Lesley C. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Deynani, Nikhil V. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Dewey, Victoria J. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Dravants, John |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Duffy, Sean P. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Egan, Matthew S. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Fan, Xixin |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Farahani, Amir |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Fellinder, Richard A. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Han, Yiyun |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Hargroves, Ashleigh E. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Hu, Shirley H. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Huang, Betty C. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Huang, Zhaoying |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Jain, Kshama |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Jaquet, Paul L.G. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Ji, Kun |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Johnson, Emily B. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Kunuru, Navya |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Latchman, Maria H. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Li, Shuangxing |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Li, Chengxuan |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Lubeck, Andrew D. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Ma, Zhihan |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Markowitz-Betcher, Benjamin |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| McLean, Matthew R. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Melum, Daniel M. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Modi, Amar D. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Nedzhvetskaya, Nataliya |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| OMalley, Michael |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Patafio, David J. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Piccolo, Ashley G. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Reilly, Gerard P., II |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Richmond, Matthew J. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Riegler, Laura M. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Ren, Yang |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Rogers IV, John F. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Romariz, Matheus Balduino |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Searrone, Claire C. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Shrank, Samuel |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Spector, Sean |
Assistant Vice President |
- 12 -
Table of Contents
| NAME |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH UNDERWRITER |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH REGISTRANT | ||
| Tam, Jeffrey L.H. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Tao, Laura R. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Thornton, Timothy H. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Vaurynovich, Siarhei |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Vazquez, Leonardo Zacche |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Wang, Mingming |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Weissman, Alex D. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Williams, James L. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Yang, Rau |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Zhao, Bei |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Zhao, George G. |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Albino, Stephanie L. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Blake, Michael G. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Cerniglia, Connor T. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Chen, Anthony L. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Chiarelli, Nicholas L. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Cohen, Meredith J. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Devnani, Nikhil V. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Dewey, Victoria J. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Fan, Xinin |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Feitler, Allyson D. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Gill, Peter B. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Goldstein, Max A. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Han, Yushu |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Han, Yiyun |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Johnson, Emily B. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Kreitler, John M. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Kumar, Akriti |
Associate Officer |
|||
| McDonough, Owen E. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| McLean, Matthew R. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Patrina, Codyann B. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Peterman, Anna S. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Rana, Dipesh S. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Saba, Andrew D. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Scarrone, Claire C. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Serlin, Theo M. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Siff, Noah |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Sindhu, Ilona A. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Sinha, Srishti |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Spector, Sean B. |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Wang, Corry |
Associate Officer |
|||
| Zolner, Katherine M. |
Associate Officer |
The following are the Directors and Officers of ABI, the principal place of business of which is 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105.
| NAME |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH UNDERWRITER |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH REGISTRANT | ||
| Directors | ||||
| Lawrence E. Cranch |
Director |
|||
| Gary Krueger |
Director, Chief Financial Officer |
|||
| David M. Lesser |
Director |
|||
| William R. Siemers |
Director |
|||
| Robert M. Keith |
Director |
President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| Mark R. Manley |
Director, and Secretary |
|||
| Christopher Bricker |
Director |
- 13 -
Table of Contents
| NAME |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH UNDERWRITER |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH REGISTRANT | ||
| Directors | ||||
| Officers | ||||
| Emilie D. Wrapp |
Senior Vice President, Assistant General Counsel and Assistant Secretary | Secretary | ||
| Laurence H. Bertan |
Senior Vice President and Assistant Secretary |
|||
| Peter G. Callahan |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Kevin T. Cannon |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Nelson Kin Hung Chow |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Flora Chi Ju Chuang |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Russell R. Corby |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Jose Cosio |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| John W. Cronin |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Silvio Cruz |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Christine M. Dehil |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| John C. Endahl |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| John Edward English |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Daniel Ennis |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Robert K. Forrester |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Mark A. Gessner |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Kenneth L. Haman |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Michael S. Hart |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Ajai M. Kaul |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Scott M. Krauthamer |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Jonathan M. Liang |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Karen (Yeow Ping) Lim |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| James M. Liptrot |
Senior Vice President and Assistant Controller |
|||
| William Marsalise |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Brendan Murray |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Joanna D. Murray |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| John J. OConnor |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Suchet Padhye (Pandurang) |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Guy Prochilo |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| John D. Prosperi |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Kevin Rosenfeld |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Miguel A. Rozensztroch |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Elizabeth M. Smith |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Derek Yung |
Senior Vice President |
|||
| Eric Anderson |
Vice President |
|||
| Robert J. Amberger |
Vice President |
|||
| Constantin L. Andreae |
Vice President |
|||
| Corey S. Beckerman |
Vice President |
|||
| DeAnna D. Beedy |
Vice President |
|||
| Christopher M. Berenbroick |
Vice President |
|||
| Chris Boeker |
Vice President |
|||
| Brandon W. Born |
Vice President |
|||
| James J. Bracken |
Vice President |
|||
| Robert A. Brazofsky |
Vice President |
|||
| Richard A. Brink |
Vice President |
|||
| Friederike Grote Brink |
Vice President |
|||
| James M. Broderick |
Vice President |
|||
| Steven B. Bruce |
Vice President |
|||
| Michael A. Capella |
Vice President |
|||
| Christopher J. Carrelha |
Vice President |
|||
| Tso Hsiang Chang |
Vice President |
|||
| Mikhail Cheskis |
Vice President |
|||
| Peter T. Collins |
Vice President |
|||
| Joseph (Don) Connell |
Vice President |
- 14 -
Table of Contents
| NAME |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH UNDERWRITER |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH REGISTRANT | ||
| Directors | ||||
| Dwight P. Cornell |
Vice President |
|||
| Nora E. (Murphy) Connerty |
Vice President |
|||
| Massimo Dalla Vedova |
Vice President |
|||
| Francesca Dattola |
Vice President |
|||
| Kevin M. Dausch |
Vice President |
|||
| Frank de Wit |
Vice President |
|||
| Marc J. Della Pia |
Vice President |
|||
| Patrick R. Denis |
Vice President |
|||
| Ralph A. DiMeglio |
Vice President |
|||
| Joseph T. Dominguez |
Vice President |
|||
| Barbara Anne Donovan |
Vice President |
|||
| Sarah Entzeroth Hartzke |
Vice President |
|||
| Gregory M. Erwinski |
Vice President |
|||
| Susan A. Flanagan |
Vice President |
|||
| Carey Fortnam |
Vice President |
|||
| Eric C. Freed |
Vice President |
Assistant Secretary | ||
| Yuko Funato |
Vice President |
|||
| Kimberly A. Collins Gorab |
Vice President |
|||
| Joseph Haag |
Vice President |
|||
| Kenneth Handler |
Vice President |
|||
| Brian P. Hanna |
Vice President |
|||
| Terry L. Harris |
Vice President |
|||
| Nancy E. Hay |
Vice President |
Assistant Secretary | ||
| Philippe Hemery |
Vice President |
|||
| Olivier Herson |
Vice President |
|||
| Alexander Hoffmann |
Vice President |
|||
| Brian Horvath |
Vice President |
|||
| Eric S. Indovina |
Vice President |
|||
| Tina Kao |
Vice President |
|||
| Jeffrey Kelly |
Vice President |
|||
| Gunnar Knierim |
Vice President |
|||
| Anthony D. Knight |
Vice President |
|||
| Tomas Kukla |
Vice President |
|||
| Stephen J. Laffey |
Vice President and Counsel |
Assistant Secretary | ||
| Chang Hyun Lee |
Vice President |
|||
| Ginnie Li |
Vice President |
|||
| Albert Yen Po Lien |
Vice President |
|||
| Jim Lui (Chi-Hsiung) |
Vice President |
|||
| Darren L. Luckfield |
Vice President |
|||
| Matthew J. Malvey |
Vice President |
|||
| Robert Mancini |
Vice President |
|||
| Todd Mann |
Vice President |
|||
| Osama Mari |
Vice President |
|||
| Nicola Meotti |
Vice President |
|||
| Yuji Mihashi |
Vice President |
|||
| Aimee Minora |
Vice President |
|||
| David Mitchell |
Vice President |
|||
| Benjamin Moore |
Vice President |
|||
| Paul S. Moyer |
Vice President |
|||
| Jennifer A. Mulhall |
Vice President |
|||
| Masaru Nakabachi |
Vice President |
|||
| Robert D. Nelms |
Vice President |
|||
| Jamie A. Nieradka |
Vice President |
|||
| Masaki Nishino |
Vice President |
|||
| Markus Novak |
Vice President |
|||
| Bryan R. Pacana |
Vice President |
- 15 -
Table of Contents
| NAME |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH UNDERWRITER |
POSITIONS AND OFFICES WITH REGISTRANT | ||
| Directors | ||||
| Alex E. Pady |
Vice President |
|||
| David D. Paich |
Vice President |
|||
| Kim Chu Perrington |
Vice President |
|||
| Jared M. Piche |
Vice President |
|||
| Joseph J. Proscia |
Vice President |
|||
| Damien Ramondo |
Vice President |
|||
| Carol H. Rappa |
Vice President |
|||
| Jessie A. Reich |
Vice President |
|||
| Lauryn A. Rivello |
Vice President |
|||
| Claudio Rondolini |
Vice President |
|||
| David Saslowsky |
Vice President |
|||
| Richard A. Schwam |
Vice President |
|||
| Craig Schorr |
Vice President |
|||
| John F. Skahan |
Vice President |
|||
| Chang Min Song |
Vice President |
|||
| Daniel L. Stack |
Vice President |
|||
| Jason P. Stevens |
Vice President |
|||
| Scott M. Tatum |
Vice President |
|||
| Christian B. Verlingo |
Vice President |
|||
| Wendy Weng |
Vice President |
|||
| Stephen M. Woetzel |
Vice President |
Assistant Controller | ||
| Isabelle (Hsin-I) Yen |
Vice President |
|||
| Oscar Zarazua |
Vice President |
|||
| Martin J. Zayac |
Vice President |
|||
| Armand H. Amritt |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Daisy (Sze Kie) Chung |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Isabelle Husson |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| William R. Krofcheck |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Charissa A. Pal |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Brian W. Paulson |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Pablo Perez |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Matthew L. Santora |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Michiyo Tanaka |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Miyako Taniguchi |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Laurence Vandecasteele |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| William Wielgolewski |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Henry M. Winchester |
Assistant Vice President |
|||
| Colin T. Burke |
Assistant Secretary |
(c)-Not applicable.
| Item 33. | Location of Accounts and Records. |
All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Rules 31a-1 through 31a-3 pursuant to the 1940 Act are maintained at the offices of AllianceBernstein L.P., One North Lexington Avenue, White Plains, NY 10601 and 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10105, except that some records pursuant to Rule 31a-1(b) are maintained at the offices of State Street Bank and Trust Company, State Street Corporation CCB/5, One Iron Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210 or AllianceBernstein Investor Services, Inc., P.O. Box 786003 San Antonio, TX 78278-6003, the Funds Transfer Agents.
| Item 34. | Management Services-Not applicable. |
| Item 35. | Undertakings-Not applicable. |
- 16 -
Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, and State of New York, on the 1st day of May, 2019.
| SANFORD C. BERNSTEIN FUND, INC. | ||
| By: |
* | |
| Kathleen Fisher President | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A has been signed below by the following persons, in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| * |
President and Director | |||
| Kathleen Fisher | ||||
| * |
Director | |||
| Bart Friedman | ||||
| * |
Director | |||
| R. Jay Gerken | ||||
| * |
Director | |||
| William Kristol | ||||
| * |
Director | |||
| Debra Perry | ||||
| * |
Director | |||
| Donald K. Peterson | ||||
| /s/ Joseph J. Mantineo |
Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer | May 1, 2019 | ||
| Joseph J. Mantineo | ||||
| * | This Registration Statement has been signed by each of the persons so indicated by the undersigned as Attorney-in-Fact. |
| By: /s/ Nancy E. Hay | May 1, 2019 | |||
| Nancy E. Hay, Attorney-in-Fact |
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